Critical care ultrasonography(CCUS)is essential in the evaluation of shock,respiratory failure,and to guide central venous access.[1] Nurses also use ultrasound for nursing practice such as thrombosis screening,ultras...Critical care ultrasonography(CCUS)is essential in the evaluation of shock,respiratory failure,and to guide central venous access.[1] Nurses also use ultrasound for nursing practice such as thrombosis screening,ultrasound-guided vascular puncture,feeding tube placement,and lung physical therapy.[2]CCUS strengths are lack of radiation,portability,and low costs.Therefore,CCUS has considerable clinical use in critical care.展开更多
Many seminal advances have been made in human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)/AIDS research over the past four decades.Treatment strategies,such as gene therapy and immunotherapy,are yielding promising results to effectiv...Many seminal advances have been made in human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)/AIDS research over the past four decades.Treatment strategies,such as gene therapy and immunotherapy,are yielding promising results to effectively control HIV infection.Despite this,a cure for HIV/AIDS is not envisioned in the near future.A recently published academic study has raised awareness regarding a promising alternative therapeutic option for HIV/AIDS,referred to as“selective elimination of host cells capable of producing HIV”(SECH).Similar to the“shock and kill strategy,”the SECH approach requires the simultaneous administration of drugs targeting key mechanisms in specific cells to efficiently eliminate HIV replication-competent cellular reservoirs.Herein,we comprehensively review the specific mechanisms targeted by the SECH strategy.Briefly,the suggested cocktail of drugs should contain(i)latency reversal agents to promote the latency reversal process in replication-competent reservoir cells,(ii)pro-apoptotic and anti-autophagy drugs to induce death of infected cells through various pathways,and finally(iii)drugs that eliminate new cycles of infection by prevention of HIV attachment to host cells,and by HIV integrase inhibitor drugs.Finally,we discuss three major challenges that are likely to restrict the application of the SECH strategy in HIV/AIDS patients.展开更多
Anterior communicating artery(ACoA)aneurysms account for the largest proportion of intracranial aneurysms and are the most likely to rupture.[1]The main treatment methods are endovascular embolization and traditional ...Anterior communicating artery(ACoA)aneurysms account for the largest proportion of intracranial aneurysms and are the most likely to rupture.[1]The main treatment methods are endovascular embolization and traditional craniotomy clipping.[2]With the rapid development of interventional materials and technologies in the last two decades,many medical centers have adopted endovascular embolization as the preferred treatment for intracranial aneurysms.However,some aneurysms still require traditional craniotomy clipping.Transsphenoidal endoscopy technology has also developed rapidly in recent years.[3]Because intracranial aneurysms are mostly within the circle of Willis and occur on the ventral side of the skull base,a few neurosurgeons have tried to use an endoscopic endonasal approach(EEA)for clipping.[4-6]However,the number of cases reported in the literature is small and more anatomical studies are needed to deeply analyze the approach and technique.展开更多
基金Key Project of Central Health Care Scientific Research(No. 2020ZD08)Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(No. Z201100005520038)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No. 3332021018)Nursing Scientific Research Fund Project of Peking Union Medical College Hospital(No. XHHLKY201903)。
文摘Critical care ultrasonography(CCUS)is essential in the evaluation of shock,respiratory failure,and to guide central venous access.[1] Nurses also use ultrasound for nursing practice such as thrombosis screening,ultrasound-guided vascular puncture,feeding tube placement,and lung physical therapy.[2]CCUS strengths are lack of radiation,portability,and low costs.Therefore,CCUS has considerable clinical use in critical care.
基金the Medical Research Project of Chongqing Municipal Science and Technology Bureau and Health Commission(No.2020GDRC004)the Key Medical Research Project of Chongqing Municipal Science and Technology Bureau and Health Commission(No.2019ZDXM012).
文摘Many seminal advances have been made in human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)/AIDS research over the past four decades.Treatment strategies,such as gene therapy and immunotherapy,are yielding promising results to effectively control HIV infection.Despite this,a cure for HIV/AIDS is not envisioned in the near future.A recently published academic study has raised awareness regarding a promising alternative therapeutic option for HIV/AIDS,referred to as“selective elimination of host cells capable of producing HIV”(SECH).Similar to the“shock and kill strategy,”the SECH approach requires the simultaneous administration of drugs targeting key mechanisms in specific cells to efficiently eliminate HIV replication-competent cellular reservoirs.Herein,we comprehensively review the specific mechanisms targeted by the SECH strategy.Briefly,the suggested cocktail of drugs should contain(i)latency reversal agents to promote the latency reversal process in replication-competent reservoir cells,(ii)pro-apoptotic and anti-autophagy drugs to induce death of infected cells through various pathways,and finally(iii)drugs that eliminate new cycles of infection by prevention of HIV attachment to host cells,and by HIV integrase inhibitor drugs.Finally,we discuss three major challenges that are likely to restrict the application of the SECH strategy in HIV/AIDS patients.
基金The research is funded by grants from the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou,China(No.201804010316)the Medical Scientific Research Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(No.A2018387).
文摘Anterior communicating artery(ACoA)aneurysms account for the largest proportion of intracranial aneurysms and are the most likely to rupture.[1]The main treatment methods are endovascular embolization and traditional craniotomy clipping.[2]With the rapid development of interventional materials and technologies in the last two decades,many medical centers have adopted endovascular embolization as the preferred treatment for intracranial aneurysms.However,some aneurysms still require traditional craniotomy clipping.Transsphenoidal endoscopy technology has also developed rapidly in recent years.[3]Because intracranial aneurysms are mostly within the circle of Willis and occur on the ventral side of the skull base,a few neurosurgeons have tried to use an endoscopic endonasal approach(EEA)for clipping.[4-6]However,the number of cases reported in the literature is small and more anatomical studies are needed to deeply analyze the approach and technique.