Despite major achievements in the treatment ofchronic hepatitis C with the combination ofinterferons and the nucleoside analog ribavirin themajority of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection cannot be ...Despite major achievements in the treatment ofchronic hepatitis C with the combination ofinterferons and the nucleoside analog ribavirin themajority of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection cannot be treated effectively.Toimprove this response rate we used antisensetechnologies to inhibit HCV translation as possibleadditional option for experimental treatment.Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides(ODN) are展开更多
Ⅰ. NEW GUAIANOLIDES FROM CENTIPEDA MINIMA The Chinese medical herb Centipeda minima (L.) A. Br. et Ascher (Compositae) has been used for treatment of rhinitis, sinusitis and nasopharynger tumor. Previous chemical inv...Ⅰ. NEW GUAIANOLIDES FROM CENTIPEDA MINIMA The Chinese medical herb Centipeda minima (L.) A. Br. et Ascher (Compositae) has been used for treatment of rhinitis, sinusitis and nasopharynger tumor. Previous chemical investigations only gave steroids and triterpenes and cis-chrysanthenyl acetate. A reinvestigation of the dried drug (whole plant) afforded in addition to the triterpenes and steroids 10-isobutyryloxy-8, 9-epoxithymol-isobutyrate 6, the derivatives 1 and 2, three pseudoguaianolides, arnicolide 7, brevilin8 and helenalin 9, as well as three guaianolides, the 2-O-esters of florilenalin 3—5.展开更多
Post-transcriptional methylation of N6-adenine and Nl-adenine can affect transcriptome turnover and translation.Furthermore,the regulatory function of N6-methyladenine(m6A)during heat shock has been uncovered,includin...Post-transcriptional methylation of N6-adenine and Nl-adenine can affect transcriptome turnover and translation.Furthermore,the regulatory function of N6-methyladenine(m6A)during heat shock has been uncovered,including the enhancement of the phase separation potential of RNAs.In response to acute stress,e.g.heat shock,the orderly sequestration of mRNAs in stress granules(SGs)is considered important to protect transcripts from the irreversible aggregation.Until recently,the role of N1-methyladenine(m^(1)A)on mRNAs during acute stress response remains largely unknown.Here we show that the methyltransferase complex TRMT6/61A,which generates the tag,is involved in transcriptome protection during heat shock.Our bioinformatics analysis indicates that occurrence of the motif is increased in mRNAs known to be enriched in SGs.Accordingly,the m^(1)A-generating methyltransferase TRMT6/61A accumulated in SGs and mass spectrometry confirmed enrichment of in the SG RNAs.The insertion of a single methylation motif in the untranslated region of a reporter RNA leads to more efficient recovery of protein synthesis from that transcript after the return to normal temperature.Our results demonstrate far-reaching functional consequences of a minimal RNA modification on N1-adenine during acute proteostasis stress.展开更多
Peptide amphiphiles with well-organized secondary structure are an important family of molecules that are known to assemble into a variety of nanostructures.In this work,we present three guanidiniocarbonylpyrrole(GCP)...Peptide amphiphiles with well-organized secondary structure are an important family of molecules that are known to assemble into a variety of nanostructures.In this work,we present three guanidiniocarbonylpyrrole(GCP)containing peptide amphiphiles,which show versatile morphology and secondary structure changes as a result of different chain lengths and in different concentration regimes.The random coil conformation,α-helix,andβ-sheet are obtained for peptide 1,peptide 2,and peptide 3,respectively under neutral aqueous conditions.Furthermore,all peptide amphiphiles can aggregate to form nanoparticles at low concentrations.However,at high concentrations,peptide 1 selfassembles into left-ha nded twisted helical fibers,while longer bamboo-like mo rphology can be obse rved exclusively for peptide 2.For peptide 3,freshly prepared samples show uniform spherical morphology,whereas an obvious morphological transition from original nanoparticles to disordered fibers was realized after incubating for one week.These fascinating morphology changes were determined by the combination of circular dichroism,dynamic light scattering,transmission electron microscopy,atomic force microscopy,and theoretical calculations.展开更多
The Hypoxylaceae(Xylariales,Ascomycota)is a diverse family of mainly saprotrophic fungi,which commonly occur in angiosperm-dominated forests around the world.Despite their importance in forest and plant ecology as wel...The Hypoxylaceae(Xylariales,Ascomycota)is a diverse family of mainly saprotrophic fungi,which commonly occur in angiosperm-dominated forests around the world.Despite their importance in forest and plant ecology as well as a prolific source of secondary metabolites and enzymes,genome sequences of related taxa are scarce and usually derived from envi-ronmental isolates.To address this lack of knowledge thirteen taxonomically well-defined representatives of the family and one member of the closely related Xylariaceae were genome sequenced using combinations of Illumina and Oxford nanopore technologies or PacBio sequencing.The workflow leads to high quality draft genome sequences with an average N50 of 3.0 Mbp.A backbone phylogenomic tree was calculated based on the amino acid sequences of 4912 core genes reflecting the current accepted taxonomic concept of the Hypoxylaceae.A Percentage of Conserved Proteins(POCP)analysis revealed that 70%of the proteins are conserved within the family,a value with potential application for the definition of family boundaries within the order Xylariales.Also,Hypomontagnella spongiphila is proposed as a new marine derived lineage of Hypom.monticulosa based on in-depth genomic comparison and morphological differences of the cultures.The results showed that both species share 95%of their genes corresponding to more than 700 strain-specific proteins.This difference is not reflected by standard taxonomic assessments(morphology of sexual and asexual morph,chemotaxonomy,phylogeny),preventing species delimitation based on traditional concepts.Genetic changes are likely to be the result of environmental adaptations and selective pressure,the driving force of speciation.These data provide an important starting point for the establishment of a stable phylogeny of the Xylariales;they enable studies on evolution,ecological behavior and biosynthesis of natural products;and they significantly advance the taxonomy of fungi.展开更多
I.INTRODUCTION The sensilla trichodea has been accepted as the receiver of sex pheromone in Lepidotera moths. In Antheraea polyphemus and A. pemyi, there are at least two types of sensilla trichodea with different len...I.INTRODUCTION The sensilla trichodea has been accepted as the receiver of sex pheromone in Lepidotera moths. In Antheraea polyphemus and A. pemyi, there are at least two types of sensilla trichodea with different lengths which are called the long and short sensilla trichodea. Two pheromone components (E-6, Z-11-16 :Ac, E-6, Z-11-16:Al) are known of A. polyphemus.展开更多
Austroeupatorium inulaefolium (B. L. Robinson) K. et R. has been investigated. A collection from Ecuador gave several ent-labdanes like austrofolin and related compounds. A second collection from Paraguay gave ent-kau...Austroeupatorium inulaefolium (B. L. Robinson) K. et R. has been investigated. A collection from Ecuador gave several ent-labdanes like austrofolin and related compounds. A second collection from Paraguay gave ent-kaurene derivatives and three nor-ent-labdanes. A third investigation of material from Argentina also gave ent-kaurenes and nor-ent-labdanes, which were only slightly different from those of the Paraguay location.展开更多
Fungi are an understudied resource possessing huge potential for developing products that can greatly improve human well-being.In the current paper,we highlight some important discoveries and developments in applied m...Fungi are an understudied resource possessing huge potential for developing products that can greatly improve human well-being.In the current paper,we highlight some important discoveries and developments in applied mycology and interdisciplinary Life Science research.These examples concern recently introduced drugs for the treatment of infections and neurological diseases;application of–OMICS techniques and genetic tools in medical mycology and the regulation of mycotoxin production;as well as some highlights of mushroom cultivaton in Asia.Examples for new diagnostic tools in medical mycology and the exploitation of new candidates for therapeutic drugs,are also given.In addition,two entries illustrating the latest developments in the use of fungi for biodegradation and fungal biomaterial production are provided.Some other areas where there have been and/or will be significant developments are also included.It is our hope that this paper will help realise the importance of fungi as a potential industrial resource and see the next two decades bring forward many new fungal and fungus-derived products.展开更多
文摘Despite major achievements in the treatment ofchronic hepatitis C with the combination ofinterferons and the nucleoside analog ribavirin themajority of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection cannot be treated effectively.Toimprove this response rate we used antisensetechnologies to inhibit HCV translation as possibleadditional option for experimental treatment.Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides(ODN) are
文摘Ⅰ. NEW GUAIANOLIDES FROM CENTIPEDA MINIMA The Chinese medical herb Centipeda minima (L.) A. Br. et Ascher (Compositae) has been used for treatment of rhinitis, sinusitis and nasopharynger tumor. Previous chemical investigations only gave steroids and triterpenes and cis-chrysanthenyl acetate. A reinvestigation of the dried drug (whole plant) afforded in addition to the triterpenes and steroids 10-isobutyryloxy-8, 9-epoxithymol-isobutyrate 6, the derivatives 1 and 2, three pseudoguaianolides, arnicolide 7, brevilin8 and helenalin 9, as well as three guaianolides, the 2-O-esters of florilenalin 3—5.
基金This work was funded by the European Research Council grants MetaMeta_311522(R.M.V.)RIBOMYLOME_309545(G.G.T.)+5 种基金ASTRA_855923(G.G.T)G.G.T.acknowledges support of the H2020 projects IASIS_727658 and INFORE_825080the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness BFU2017-86970-Pas well as the collaboration with Peter St.George-Hyslop financed by the Wellcome TrustR.M.V.acknowledges support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG)grant EXC115M.H.is funded by DFG CRC902‘Molecular Principles of RNA-based Regulation’。
文摘Post-transcriptional methylation of N6-adenine and Nl-adenine can affect transcriptome turnover and translation.Furthermore,the regulatory function of N6-methyladenine(m6A)during heat shock has been uncovered,including the enhancement of the phase separation potential of RNAs.In response to acute stress,e.g.heat shock,the orderly sequestration of mRNAs in stress granules(SGs)is considered important to protect transcripts from the irreversible aggregation.Until recently,the role of N1-methyladenine(m^(1)A)on mRNAs during acute stress response remains largely unknown.Here we show that the methyltransferase complex TRMT6/61A,which generates the tag,is involved in transcriptome protection during heat shock.Our bioinformatics analysis indicates that occurrence of the motif is increased in mRNAs known to be enriched in SGs.Accordingly,the m^(1)A-generating methyltransferase TRMT6/61A accumulated in SGs and mass spectrometry confirmed enrichment of in the SG RNAs.The insertion of a single methylation motif in the untranslated region of a reporter RNA leads to more efficient recovery of protein synthesis from that transcript after the return to normal temperature.Our results demonstrate far-reaching functional consequences of a minimal RNA modification on N1-adenine during acute proteostasis stress.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21572101)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20180055)+1 种基金Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research(No.2017-ZJ-Y11)funding by the Fonds der Chemischen Industrie(Liebig-Fellowship)。
文摘Peptide amphiphiles with well-organized secondary structure are an important family of molecules that are known to assemble into a variety of nanostructures.In this work,we present three guanidiniocarbonylpyrrole(GCP)containing peptide amphiphiles,which show versatile morphology and secondary structure changes as a result of different chain lengths and in different concentration regimes.The random coil conformation,α-helix,andβ-sheet are obtained for peptide 1,peptide 2,and peptide 3,respectively under neutral aqueous conditions.Furthermore,all peptide amphiphiles can aggregate to form nanoparticles at low concentrations.However,at high concentrations,peptide 1 selfassembles into left-ha nded twisted helical fibers,while longer bamboo-like mo rphology can be obse rved exclusively for peptide 2.For peptide 3,freshly prepared samples show uniform spherical morphology,whereas an obvious morphological transition from original nanoparticles to disordered fibers was realized after incubating for one week.These fascinating morphology changes were determined by the combination of circular dichroism,dynamic light scattering,transmission electron microscopy,atomic force microscopy,and theoretical calculations.
基金the DFG(Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft)priority program“Taxon-Omics:New Approaches for Discovering and Naming Biodiversity”(SPP 1991)The bioinformatics support of the BMBF-funded project‘Bielefeld-Gießen Center for Microbial Bioin-formaticsBiGi(Grant Number 031A533)’within the German Network for Bioinformatics Infrastructure(de.NBI)is gratefully acknowledged.
文摘The Hypoxylaceae(Xylariales,Ascomycota)is a diverse family of mainly saprotrophic fungi,which commonly occur in angiosperm-dominated forests around the world.Despite their importance in forest and plant ecology as well as a prolific source of secondary metabolites and enzymes,genome sequences of related taxa are scarce and usually derived from envi-ronmental isolates.To address this lack of knowledge thirteen taxonomically well-defined representatives of the family and one member of the closely related Xylariaceae were genome sequenced using combinations of Illumina and Oxford nanopore technologies or PacBio sequencing.The workflow leads to high quality draft genome sequences with an average N50 of 3.0 Mbp.A backbone phylogenomic tree was calculated based on the amino acid sequences of 4912 core genes reflecting the current accepted taxonomic concept of the Hypoxylaceae.A Percentage of Conserved Proteins(POCP)analysis revealed that 70%of the proteins are conserved within the family,a value with potential application for the definition of family boundaries within the order Xylariales.Also,Hypomontagnella spongiphila is proposed as a new marine derived lineage of Hypom.monticulosa based on in-depth genomic comparison and morphological differences of the cultures.The results showed that both species share 95%of their genes corresponding to more than 700 strain-specific proteins.This difference is not reflected by standard taxonomic assessments(morphology of sexual and asexual morph,chemotaxonomy,phylogeny),preventing species delimitation based on traditional concepts.Genetic changes are likely to be the result of environmental adaptations and selective pressure,the driving force of speciation.These data provide an important starting point for the establishment of a stable phylogeny of the Xylariales;they enable studies on evolution,ecological behavior and biosynthesis of natural products;and they significantly advance the taxonomy of fungi.
基金Project supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘I.INTRODUCTION The sensilla trichodea has been accepted as the receiver of sex pheromone in Lepidotera moths. In Antheraea polyphemus and A. pemyi, there are at least two types of sensilla trichodea with different lengths which are called the long and short sensilla trichodea. Two pheromone components (E-6, Z-11-16 :Ac, E-6, Z-11-16:Al) are known of A. polyphemus.
文摘Austroeupatorium inulaefolium (B. L. Robinson) K. et R. has been investigated. A collection from Ecuador gave several ent-labdanes like austrofolin and related compounds. A second collection from Paraguay gave ent-kaurene derivatives and three nor-ent-labdanes. A third investigation of material from Argentina also gave ent-kaurenes and nor-ent-labdanes, which were only slightly different from those of the Paraguay location.
基金Funding Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.Funding was provided by Mae Fah Luang University(Grant No.:651A16029)Basic Research Fund(Grant No.:652A01001)+7 种基金Princess Srinagarindra’s Centenary Celebrations Foundation(Grant No.:64316001)National Research Council Thailand(Grant No.:NRCT5-TRG630010-01)Czech Academy of Sciences Long-term Research Development Project(Grant No.:61388971)Thailand Research Fund(Grant No.:PHD/0039/2560)Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst(Grant Nos.:57507870,PhD stipend),Czech Academy of Sciences(Grant No.:CZ.02.2.69/0.0/0.0/18_053/0017705)Chiang Mai University(Grant No.:FF65/067)STEP Program(CH)(Grant No.:2019QZKK0503)Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.:292019312511043).
文摘Fungi are an understudied resource possessing huge potential for developing products that can greatly improve human well-being.In the current paper,we highlight some important discoveries and developments in applied mycology and interdisciplinary Life Science research.These examples concern recently introduced drugs for the treatment of infections and neurological diseases;application of–OMICS techniques and genetic tools in medical mycology and the regulation of mycotoxin production;as well as some highlights of mushroom cultivaton in Asia.Examples for new diagnostic tools in medical mycology and the exploitation of new candidates for therapeutic drugs,are also given.In addition,two entries illustrating the latest developments in the use of fungi for biodegradation and fungal biomaterial production are provided.Some other areas where there have been and/or will be significant developments are also included.It is our hope that this paper will help realise the importance of fungi as a potential industrial resource and see the next two decades bring forward many new fungal and fungus-derived products.