The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,283 new measurements from 899 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the ...The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,283 new measurements from 899 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as heavy neutrinos, supersymmetric and technicolor particles, axions, dark photons, etc. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Supersymmetry, Extra Dimensions, Particle Detectors, Probability, and Statistics. Among the 112 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised including those on： Dark Energy, Higgs Boson Physics, Electroweak Model, Neutrino Cross Section Measurements, Monte Carlo Neutrino Generators, Top Quark, Dark Matter, Dynamical Electroweak Symmetry Breaking, Accelerator Physics of Colliders, High-Energy Collider Parameters, Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, Astrophysical Constants and Cosmological Parameters. A booklet is available containing the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the other sections of this full Review. All tables, listings, and reviews （and errata） are also available on the Particle Data Group website： http ：//pdg. lbl. gov.展开更多
1. IntroductionThe collection of online information resources in particle physics and related areas presented in this chapter is of necessity incomplete. An expanded and regularly updated online version can be found at：
Updated 2013 （see the various sections for authors）.34.1. Introduction Non-accelerator experiments have become increasingly important in particle physics. These include classical cosmic ray experiments, neutrino osc...Updated 2013 （see the various sections for authors）.34.1. Introduction Non-accelerator experiments have become increasingly important in particle physics. These include classical cosmic ray experiments, neutrino oscillation measurements, and searches for double-beta decay, dark matter candidates, and magnetic monopoles.展开更多
Revised August 2013 by M.J. Syphers （MSU） and F. Zimmermann （CERN）.29.1. Luminosity This article provides background for the High-Energy Collider Parameter Tables that follow. The number of events, Nexp, is the pr...Revised August 2013 by M.J. Syphers （MSU） and F. Zimmermann （CERN）.29.1. Luminosity This article provides background for the High-Energy Collider Parameter Tables that follow. The number of events, Nexp, is the product of the cross section of interest,展开更多
Written November 2013 by M. Carena （Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory and the University of Chicago）, C. Grojean （ICREA at IFAE, Universitat Autbnoma de Barcelona）, M, Kado （Laboratoire de l＇Accelerateur Lin...Written November 2013 by M. Carena （Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory and the University of Chicago）, C. Grojean （ICREA at IFAE, Universitat Autbnoma de Barcelona）, M, Kado （Laboratoire de l＇Accelerateur Lineaire, LAL and CERN）, and V. Sharma （University of California San Diego）.展开更多
Many measurements of B decays involve admixtures of B hadrons. Previously we arbitrarily included such admixtures in the B±section, but because of their importance we have created two new sections：
33.1. Introduction This review summarizes the detector technologies employed at accelerator particle physics experiments. Several of these detectors are also used in a non-accelerator context and examples of such appl...33.1. Introduction This review summarizes the detector technologies employed at accelerator particle physics experiments. Several of these detectors are also used in a non-accelerator context and examples of such applications will be provided. The detector techniques which are specific to non-accelerator particle physics experiments are the subject of Chap.展开更多
Table 6.1 Abridged from pdg. ibl.gov/AtomicNuclearProperties by D. E. Groom （2007）. See web pages for more detail about entries in this table including chemical formulae, and for several hundred other entries. Quant...Table 6.1 Abridged from pdg. ibl.gov/AtomicNuclearProperties by D. E. Groom （2007）. See web pages for more detail about entries in this table including chemical formulae, and for several hundred other entries. Quantities in parentheses are for gases at 20℃ and 1 atm, and square brackets indicate evaluation at 0℃ and 1 atm. Boiling points are at 1 atm.展开更多
Magnetic Monopole SearchesIsolated supermassive monopole candidate events have not been confirmed. The most sensitive experiments obtain negative results.
Revised September 2013 by T. Damour （IHES, Bures-sur-Yvette, France）. Einstein＇s General Relativity, the current ＂standard＂ theory of gravitation, describes gravity as a universal deformation of the Minkowski me...Revised September 2013 by T. Damour （IHES, Bures-sur-Yvette, France）. Einstein＇s General Relativity, the current ＂standard＂ theory of gravitation, describes gravity as a universal deformation of the Minkowski metric：展开更多
See ＂The International System of Units （SI）,＂ NIST Special Publication 330, B.N. Taylor, ed. （USGPO, Washington, DC, 1991）; and ＂Guide for the Use of the International System of Units （SI）,＂ NIST Special Pub...See ＂The International System of Units （SI）,＂ NIST Special Publication 330, B.N. Taylor, ed. （USGPO, Washington, DC, 1991）; and ＂Guide for the Use of the International System of Units （SI）,＂ NIST Special Publication 811, 1995 edition, B.N. Taylor （USGPO, Washington, DC, 1995）.展开更多
Revised September 2013 by J.-F. Arguin LBNL）, L. Garren （Fermilab）, F. Krauss （Durham U.）, C.-J. Lin （LBNL）, S. Navas （U. Granada）, P. Richardson （Durham U.）, and T. Sjostrand （Lund U.）.
基金supported by the Director,Office of Science,Office of High Energy Physics of the U.S.Department of Energy under Contract No.DE-AC02-05CH11231the U.S.National Science Foundation under Agreement No.PHY-0652989+3 种基金the European Laboratory for Particle Physics(CERN)an implementing arrangement between the governments of Japan(MEXT:Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science and Technology)and the United States(DOE)on cooperative research and developmentthe Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics(INFN)B.C.F.was supported by the U.S.National Science Foundation Grant PHY-1214082
文摘The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,283 new measurements from 899 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as heavy neutrinos, supersymmetric and technicolor particles, axions, dark photons, etc. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Supersymmetry, Extra Dimensions, Particle Detectors, Probability, and Statistics. Among the 112 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised including those on： Dark Energy, Higgs Boson Physics, Electroweak Model, Neutrino Cross Section Measurements, Monte Carlo Neutrino Generators, Top Quark, Dark Matter, Dynamical Electroweak Symmetry Breaking, Accelerator Physics of Colliders, High-Energy Collider Parameters, Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, Astrophysical Constants and Cosmological Parameters. A booklet is available containing the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the other sections of this full Review. All tables, listings, and reviews （and errata） are also available on the Particle Data Group website： http ：//pdg. lbl. gov.
文摘1. IntroductionThe collection of online information resources in particle physics and related areas presented in this chapter is of necessity incomplete. An expanded and regularly updated online version can be found at：
文摘Updated 2013 （see the various sections for authors）.34.1. Introduction Non-accelerator experiments have become increasingly important in particle physics. These include classical cosmic ray experiments, neutrino oscillation measurements, and searches for double-beta decay, dark matter candidates, and magnetic monopoles.
文摘Revised August 2013 by M.J. Syphers （MSU） and F. Zimmermann （CERN）.29.1. Luminosity This article provides background for the High-Energy Collider Parameter Tables that follow. The number of events, Nexp, is the product of the cross section of interest,
基金supported by Fermilab,that is operated by Fermi Research Alliance,LLC under Contract No.DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of EnergyC.G.is supported by the Spanish Ministry MICINN under contract FPA2010-17747+2 种基金the European Commission under the ERC Advanced Grant 22637 MassTeVthe contract PITN-GA-2009-237920 UNILHC.M.K. is supported by the ANR HiggsNet grant.V.S.is supported by the grant DE-SC0009919 of the United States Department of Energy
文摘Written November 2013 by M. Carena （Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory and the University of Chicago）, C. Grojean （ICREA at IFAE, Universitat Autbnoma de Barcelona）, M, Kado （Laboratoire de l＇Accelerateur Lineaire, LAL and CERN）, and V. Sharma （University of California San Diego）.
基金supported by PAPIIT(DGAPA-UNAM) project IN106913 and CONACyT(Mexico) project 151234support by the Mainz Institute for Theoretical Physics(MITP) where part of this work was completed.A.F.is supported in part by the National Science Foundation under grant no. PHY-1212635
文摘Revised November 2013 by J. Erler （U. Mexico） and A. Freit＆s （Pittsburgh U.）.10.1 Introduction 10.2 Renormalization and radiative corrections
文摘Many measurements of B decays involve admixtures of B hadrons. Previously we arbitrarily included such admixtures in the B±section, but because of their importance we have created two new sections：
文摘33.1. Introduction This review summarizes the detector technologies employed at accelerator particle physics experiments. Several of these detectors are also used in a non-accelerator context and examples of such applications will be provided. The detector techniques which are specific to non-accelerator particle physics experiments are the subject of Chap.
文摘Table 6.1 Abridged from pdg. ibl.gov/AtomicNuclearProperties by D. E. Groom （2007）. See web pages for more detail about entries in this table including chemical formulae, and for several hundred other entries. Quantities in parentheses are for gases at 20℃ and 1 atm, and square brackets indicate evaluation at 0℃ and 1 atm. Boiling points are at 1 atm.
文摘Magnetic Monopole SearchesIsolated supermassive monopole candidate events have not been confirmed. The most sensitive experiments obtain negative results.
文摘Revised September 2013 by T. Damour （IHES, Bures-sur-Yvette, France）. Einstein＇s General Relativity, the current ＂standard＂ theory of gravitation, describes gravity as a universal deformation of the Minkowski metric：
文摘See ＂The International System of Units （SI）,＂ NIST Special Publication 330, B.N. Taylor, ed. （USGPO, Washington, DC, 1991）; and ＂Guide for the Use of the International System of Units （SI）,＂ NIST Special Publication 811, 1995 edition, B.N. Taylor （USGPO, Washington, DC, 1995）.
文摘Revised September 2013 by J.-F. Arguin LBNL）, L. Garren （Fermilab）, F. Krauss （Durham U.）, C.-J. Lin （LBNL）, S. Navas （U. Granada）, P. Richardson （Durham U.）, and T. Sjostrand （Lund U.）.
