Insight into the liver dysfunction in COVID-19 patients: Molecular mechanisms and possible therapeutic strategies

As of June 2022,more than 530 million people worldwide have become ill with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Although COVID-19 is most commonly associated with respiratory distress(severe acute respiratory syndrome),metaanalysis have indicated that liver dysfunction also occurs in patients with severe symptoms.Current studies revealed distinctive patterning in the receptors on the hepatic cells that helps in viral invasion through the expression of angiotensinconverting enzyme receptors.It has also been reported that in some patients with COVID-19,therapeutic strategies,including repurposed drugs(mitifovir,lopinavir/ritonavir,tocilizumab,etc.)triggered liver injury and cholestatic toxicity.Several proven indicators support cytokine storm-induced hepatic damage.Because there are 1.5 billion patients with chronic liver disease worldwide,it becomes imperative to critically evaluate the molecular mechanisms concerning hepatotropism of COVID-19 and identify new potential therapeutics.This review also designated a comprehensive outlook of comorbidities and the impact of lifestyle and genetics in managing patients with COVID-19.

我国社区卫生服务中心开展临终关怀的文献计量学研究

目的系统评价有关我国社区卫生服务中心开展临终关怀的文献。方法于2016年8月3—5日系统检索中国知网(CNKI,1980—2016年)、万方数据知识服务平台(1980—2016年)、维普网(1989—2016年)中与社区卫生服务中心开展临终关怀有关的文献。采用关键词组合查询的方式进行检索,中文检索词包括"社区""临终关怀""全科"。采用Excel录入数据;采用文献计量学方法对文献进行分析。结果最终纳入合格文献181篇。2000—2016年,发表文献的数量随着时间呈逐渐增长趋势。纳入的181篇文献的第一作者分布于24个省/自治区/直辖市,其中第一作者所属地为上海、广东、江苏、北京、浙江的文献分别占35.9%、12.1%、8.8%、7.2%、6.1%,而第一作者所属地为云南、新疆、青海、宁夏、河北、甘肃、福建、安徽的文献数量均仅占0.6%。文献共发表在82种杂志上,其中发表在《中国全科医学》《上海医药》《医学信息》上的文献分别占12.7%、6.1%、6.1%。2000—2016年,纳入文献的文献类型包括理论著述、文献综述、临床观察、调查报告、经验总结,分别占11.0%、13.3%、23.2%、25.4%、27.1%;纳入文献的研究对象包括社区医生、社区护理人员、社区临终患者家属及居民、社区临终患者、理论/模式/研究情况、社区恶性肿瘤患者,分别占5.5%、7.7%、12.1%、18.3%、22.7%、33.7%;纳入文献的研究内容包括医护人员知识、临终关怀在社区开展情况、临终关怀理论、模式分析、需求及可行性调查、实践应用,分别占4.4%、7.2%、12.1%、13.3%、16.0%、47.0%。结论有关我国社区卫生服务中心开展临终关怀的文献数量不多,但近年来总体呈上升趋势。第一作者所属地分布不均,不同时间段纳入文献的类型、研究对象、研究内容等有所差异。

Bacteriocins as antimicrobial and preservative agents in food:Biosynthesis,separation and application

Emerging evidence shows the trend of using safe and natural preservatives like bacteriocins in food processing.The increasing demand by the food industry to extend keeping quality and prevent spoilage of various food products has appealed for new preservatives and new methods of conservation.Further,to discover the novel spectrum of antimicrobial compounds that could effectively battle food-borne pathogens,bacteriocins have been intensively studied in the last few years.Recently,great attention has been paid to the application of lactic acid-bacterial bacteriocins targeting food spoilage-causing or pathogenic microorganisms with no significant side effects.Different mechanisms of action like pore-formation,retarding cell-wall/nucleic acid/protein synthesis have been proposed and described for diverse bacteriocins.Therefore,the syntheses,purification of bacteriocins in addition to their applications as antimicrobial and preservative agents in food processing are reviewed in detail.The review will also discuss the preservative effect of bacteriocins and their combinations having multiple modes of action(hurdle approach)to reduce the microbial load as well as antimicrobial resistance.