Seeds,the reproductive organs of plants,are common as trace evidence from crime scenes.Seed evidence could be grouped into several categories based on the types of crimes they are associated with,including child abuse...Seeds,the reproductive organs of plants,are common as trace evidence from crime scenes.Seed evidence could be grouped into several categories based on the types of crimes they are associated with,including child abuse,homicides and drugs.Most commonly,seeds are examined microscopically and identified to the plant species level to show a linkage between persons and places.More recently,forensic researchers have evaluated the poten-tial for extracting and typing DNA from seeds to further individualize the samples.As a model system,tomato seeds were examined microscopically after different cooking treat-ments and assessed for the potential to DNA type seeds for variety identification.A sufficient quantity and quality of DNA were recovered from uncooked,digested and undigested tomato seeds for amplified fragment length polymorphism(AFLP)analysis;however,any form of cooking destroyed the seed DNA.A simple microscopic analysis was able to distin-guish between a cooked tomato seed versus an uncooked seed.This article is intended to provide an overview of case examples and current techniques for the forensic examination of seeds as plant-derived evidence.展开更多
This study explores how carbon emissions are affected by financial inclusion.Using a balanced panel data set of 26 Asian countries,we compute a composite index,through the principal component analysis(PCA)technique,of...This study explores how carbon emissions are affected by financial inclusion.Using a balanced panel data set of 26 Asian countries,we compute a composite index,through the principal component analysis(PCA)technique,of financial inclusion based on a set of attributes related to financial inclusion.Our main analysis also delineates the subsamples of developed and developing Asian economies.The results reveal a long(short)-run positive(negative)impact of financial inclusion on carbon emissions across the Asian countries.This finding is also true for the developed country subsample,implying nonlinearity in shortand long-run relationships.For the developing countries,a more pronounced long-run positive impact compared to developed countries is found.Furthermore,the pairwise causality test results indicate the existence of bi-directional causality between financial inclusion and carbon emissions.These findings have important policy implications,especially in the context of the strategic integration of financial inclusion and climate change strategies.展开更多
基金This research supplies was funded by The National Institute of Justice(NIJ)[grant number 2001-IJ-CX-K011]the University of New Haven and the Henry C.Lee Forensic Science Institute.The scholarship for Dr.Cheng-Lung Lee was supported by the education authority of Taiwan.
文摘Seeds,the reproductive organs of plants,are common as trace evidence from crime scenes.Seed evidence could be grouped into several categories based on the types of crimes they are associated with,including child abuse,homicides and drugs.Most commonly,seeds are examined microscopically and identified to the plant species level to show a linkage between persons and places.More recently,forensic researchers have evaluated the poten-tial for extracting and typing DNA from seeds to further individualize the samples.As a model system,tomato seeds were examined microscopically after different cooking treat-ments and assessed for the potential to DNA type seeds for variety identification.A sufficient quantity and quality of DNA were recovered from uncooked,digested and undigested tomato seeds for amplified fragment length polymorphism(AFLP)analysis;however,any form of cooking destroyed the seed DNA.A simple microscopic analysis was able to distin-guish between a cooked tomato seed versus an uncooked seed.This article is intended to provide an overview of case examples and current techniques for the forensic examination of seeds as plant-derived evidence.
文摘This study explores how carbon emissions are affected by financial inclusion.Using a balanced panel data set of 26 Asian countries,we compute a composite index,through the principal component analysis(PCA)technique,of financial inclusion based on a set of attributes related to financial inclusion.Our main analysis also delineates the subsamples of developed and developing Asian economies.The results reveal a long(short)-run positive(negative)impact of financial inclusion on carbon emissions across the Asian countries.This finding is also true for the developed country subsample,implying nonlinearity in shortand long-run relationships.For the developing countries,a more pronounced long-run positive impact compared to developed countries is found.Furthermore,the pairwise causality test results indicate the existence of bi-directional causality between financial inclusion and carbon emissions.These findings have important policy implications,especially in the context of the strategic integration of financial inclusion and climate change strategies.
