Hepatitis C vires(HCV)constitutes a significant health burden worldwide,with an estimated 130-170 million people chronically infected.Severe liver disease,including advanced fibrosis,cirrhosis and hepatocellular carci...Hepatitis C vires(HCV)constitutes a significant health burden worldwide,with an estimated 130-170 million people chronically infected.Severe liver disease,including advanced fibrosis,cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma,is often a complication of long term infection,making HCV the most common in-展开更多
Oxygen is essential to the human life and life of all aerobic organisms. The complete oxidation of nutrients for the biological energy supply is one of the most important prerequisites for the formation of higher life...Oxygen is essential to the human life and life of all aerobic organisms. The complete oxidation of nutrients for the biological energy supply is one of the most important prerequisites for the formation of higher life forms. However, cells that benefit from oxidative respiration also suffer from reactive oxygen species because they adapted to oxygen as an energy source. Healthy cells balance the formation and elimination of reactive oxygen species thereby creating and keeping reactive oxygen species-homeostasis. When the concentration of free radicals exceeds a critical level and homeostasis is disturbed, oxidative stress occurs leading to damage of multiple cellular molecules and compartments. Therefore, oxidative stress plays an important role in the physiology and pathology of various diseases. Often, the antioxidant protection system becomes pathologically unbalanced in the genesis of several diseases, leading to functional losses of the organism, as in the case of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or cells develop metabolic mechanisms to use this system as protection against external influences, such as in the case of glioblastoma cells. Either way, understanding the underlying deregulated mechanisms of the oxidative protection system would allow the development of novel treatment strategies for various diseases. Thus, regardless of the direction in which the reactive oxygen species-homeostasis disequilibrate, the focus should be on the oxidative protection system.展开更多
In a recently published article in Science,Zak et al.discovered that the Janus kinase(JAK)inhibitor ruxolitinib alters innate and adaptive immune cells to an unanticipated,predominantly immune-stimulatory phenotype in...In a recently published article in Science,Zak et al.discovered that the Janus kinase(JAK)inhibitor ruxolitinib alters innate and adaptive immune cells to an unanticipated,predominantly immune-stimulatory phenotype in mouse infection models.1 This finding motivated a clinical study,which showed that ruxolitinib treatment in combination with the anti-PD1 immune checkpoint inhibitor(ICI)nivolumab in a cohort of relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma(HL)patients demonstrated promising responses.展开更多
文摘Hepatitis C vires(HCV)constitutes a significant health burden worldwide,with an estimated 130-170 million people chronically infected.Severe liver disease,including advanced fibrosis,cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma,is often a complication of long term infection,making HCV the most common in-
文摘Oxygen is essential to the human life and life of all aerobic organisms. The complete oxidation of nutrients for the biological energy supply is one of the most important prerequisites for the formation of higher life forms. However, cells that benefit from oxidative respiration also suffer from reactive oxygen species because they adapted to oxygen as an energy source. Healthy cells balance the formation and elimination of reactive oxygen species thereby creating and keeping reactive oxygen species-homeostasis. When the concentration of free radicals exceeds a critical level and homeostasis is disturbed, oxidative stress occurs leading to damage of multiple cellular molecules and compartments. Therefore, oxidative stress plays an important role in the physiology and pathology of various diseases. Often, the antioxidant protection system becomes pathologically unbalanced in the genesis of several diseases, leading to functional losses of the organism, as in the case of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or cells develop metabolic mechanisms to use this system as protection against external influences, such as in the case of glioblastoma cells. Either way, understanding the underlying deregulated mechanisms of the oxidative protection system would allow the development of novel treatment strategies for various diseases. Thus, regardless of the direction in which the reactive oxygen species-homeostasis disequilibrate, the focus should be on the oxidative protection system.
基金Own work on HL is funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(SFB 1530,C01)Open access funding enabled and organized through project DEAL.
文摘In a recently published article in Science,Zak et al.discovered that the Janus kinase(JAK)inhibitor ruxolitinib alters innate and adaptive immune cells to an unanticipated,predominantly immune-stimulatory phenotype in mouse infection models.1 This finding motivated a clinical study,which showed that ruxolitinib treatment in combination with the anti-PD1 immune checkpoint inhibitor(ICI)nivolumab in a cohort of relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma(HL)patients demonstrated promising responses.
