Technical Specifications for Seed Breeding of Gentiana macrophylla Pall.

This paper elaborates on the seedling technology,field cultivation technology,field management technology,seed harvesting and seed processing technology in the propagation process of Gentiana macrophylla to provide technical support for artificial breeding of G. macrophylla.

Main Components of Polyphenols of Trillium tschonoskii Maxim. and Changes under Different Se Concentrations

[Objectives] To analyze main components of polyphenols of Trillium tschonoskii Maxim. and study changes under different Se concentrations. [Methods] In this experiment,the Trillium tschonoskii Maxim. was used and spectrophotometry was applied to measure the total phenols in stems,leaves and rhizomes of Trillium tschonoskii Maxim. [Results]Total phenols in stems and leaves and rhizomes of Trillium tschonoskii Maxim. were 3. 026% and 0. 513% respectively,the content of total phenols in stems and leaves was 5. 9 times of that in rhizomes; total phenol extracting solution was analyzed through UV-Vis scanning,HPLC detection,and LC-MS; 3 main polyphenol compounds were obtained: chlorogenic acid,caffeic acid and rutin,in which chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid were firstly discovered in Trillium tschonoskii Maxim. and rutin was firstly discovered in stems and leaves of Trillium tschonoskii Maxim. HPLC method was used to measure the content of chlorogenic acid,caffeic acid,and rutin in stems and leaves of Trillium tschonoskii Maxim. under different Se concentrations. [Conclusions]The content of chlorogenic acid in stems and leaves of Trillium tschonoskii Maxim. increases with the increase of Se concentration,showing Se promotes Se accumulation and the maximum content of chlorogenic acid is 2. 58%; the content of caffeic acid in stems and leaves of Trillium tschonoskii Maxim. increases slightly with the Se concentration,showing the promotion of Se to accumulation of caffeic acid is not significant;the content of rutin in stems and leaves of Trillium tschonoskii Maxim. firstly increases then declines with the increase in Se concentration,at25 mg/kg Se concentration,rutin reached the maximum value,showing the promotion of Se to rutin accumulation is not significant.

Improved stability and oral bioavailability of Ganneng dropping pills following transforming lignans of herpeto- spermum caudigerum into nanosuspensions

The present study was designed to improve storage stability and oral bioavailability of Ganneng dropping pills(GNDP) by transforming lignans of Herpetospermum caudigerum(HL) composed of herpetrione(HPE) and herpetin(HPN) into nanosuspension(HL-NS), the main active ingredient of GNDP, HL-NS was prepared by high pressure homogenization and lyophilized to transform into solid nanoparticles(HL nanoparticles), and then the formulated HL nanoparticles were perfused into matrix to obtain NS-GNDP by melting method. For a period of 3 months, the content uniformity, storage stability and pharmacokinetics test in vivo of NS-GNDP were evaluated and compared with regular GNDP at room temperature. The results demonstrated that uniformity of dosage units of NS-GNDP was acceptable according to the criteria of Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015 J. Physical stability of NS-GNDP was investigated systemically using photon correlation spectroscopy(PCS), zeta potential measurement, and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). There was a slight increase in particles and PI of HL-NS re-dispersed from NS-GNDP after storage for 3 months, compared with new formulated NS-GNDP, which indicated a good redispersibility of the NS-GNDP containing HL-NS after storage. Besides, chemical stability of NS-GNDP was studied and the results revealed that HPE and HPN degradation was less when compared with that of GNDP, providing more than 99% of drug residue after storage for 3 months. In the dissolution test in vitro, NS-GNDP remarkably exhibited an increased dissolution velocity compared with GNDP and no distinct dissolution difference existed within 3 months. The pharmacokinetic study showed that HPE and HPN in NS-GNDP exhibited a significant increase in AUC0–t, Cmax and decrease in Tmax when compared with regular GNDP. These results indicated that NS-GNDP possessed superiority with improved storage stability and increased dissolution rate and oral bioavailability.