Effect of histone deacetylase inhibitor on proliferation of biliary tract cancer cell lines

AIM: To explore the effect of histone deacetylase inhibitor, trichostatin A (TSA) on the growth of biliary tract cancer cell lines (gallbladder carcinoma cell line and cholangiocarcinoma cell line) in vivo and in vitro, and to investigate the perspective of histone deacetylase inhibitor in its clinical application. METHODS: The survival rates of gallbladder carcinoma cell line (Mz-ChA-l cell line) and cholangiocarcinoma cell lines (QBC939, KMBC and OZ cell lines) treated with various doses of TSA were detected by methylthiazoy tetrazolium (MTT) assay. A nude mouse model of transplanted gallbladder carcinoma (Mz-ChA-l cell line) was successfully established, and changes in the growth of transplanted tumor after treated with TSA were measured. RESULTS: TSA could inhibit the proliferation of gallbladder carcinoma cell line (Mz-ChA-l cell line) and cholangiocarcinoma cell lines (QBC939, KMBC and OZ cell lines) in a dose-dependent manner. After the nude mouse model of transplanted gallbladder carcinoma (Mz- ChA-l cell line) was successfully established, the growth of cancer was inhibited in the model after treated with TSA. CONCLUSION: TSA can inhibit the growth of cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder carcinoma cell lines in vitro and in vivo.

Hepatic resection： an analysis of the impact of operative and perioperative factors on morbidity and mortality rates in 2008 consecutive hepatectomy cases

Background Hepatectomy is a standard hepatic surgica line with improvements in surgical techniques. This study with hepatectomy. technique. The safety of hepatectomy has been improved in analyzed the operative and perioperative factors associated Methods A total of 2008 patients who underwent consecutive hepatectomies between January 1986 and December 2005 were investigated retrospectively. Diagnoses were made based on pathological findings. Results Malignant and benign liver diseases accounted for 58.5% and 41.2%, respectively, of the conditions requiring resections. Primary liver cancers accounted for 76.1% of the malignant tumors, while hilar cholangiocarcinomas accounted for 6.7%. Hemangiomas （41.7%） and hepatolithiasis （29.6%） were the most common of the benign conditions. Microwave in-line coagulation was used in 236 of our liver resection cases. The overall postoperative complication rate was 14.44%, of which 12.54% of resections were performed for primary liver cancer, 16.40% for secondary liver cancer, and 16.32% for hepatolithiasis. The overall hospital mortality was 0.55%, and that for malignant liver disease was 0.51%. A high mortality （2.53%） was associated with extensive liver resections for hilar cholangiocarcinomas （two deaths in 79 cases）. Microwave in-line pre-coagulation resection, Child-Pugh grading, operating time, postoperative length of stay, and preoperative serum albumin level were independent predictors of morbidity. Blood loss, Child-Pugh grading, operating time and preoperative serum albumin level were independent predictors of mortality. Conclusions Hepatectomy can be performed safely with low morbidity and mortality, provided that it is carried out with optimal perioperative management and innovative surgical techniques.

Polymyxin B antagonizing biological activity of lipopolysaccharide

Objective:To investigate the mechanism of polymyxin B(PMB)antagonizing the biological activity of lipopolysaccharide(LPS). Methods:The affinity of PMB for LPS and lipid A was assayed by biosensor,and the neutralization of PMB for LPS(2 ng/ml)was detected by kinetic turbidimetric limulus test.The releases of TNF-αand IL-6 in murine peritoneal macrophages(PM(?)) after exposure to LPS(100 ng/ml)were detected,and the expression levels of TLR4, TNF-αand IL-6 mRNA in PM(?) induced by LPS(100 ng/ml)were measured by RT-PCR. Results:PMB had high-affinity to LPS and lipid A with dissociation equilibrium constants of 18.9 nmol/L and 11.1 nmol/L,respectively,and neutralized LPS in a dose- dependent manner.Furthermore,PMB could markedly inhibit the expressions of TLR4,TNF-αand IL-6 mRNA and the release of cycokines in LPS-stimulated murine PM(?). Conclusions:PMB neutralizes LPS and inhibites the expression and release of cycokines in macrophages,in which the affinity of PMB for lipid A plays an important role.

Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer in China (2021)

The incidence of pancreatic cancer has been rising worldwide,and its clinical diagnosis and treatment remain a great challenge.To present the update and improvements in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer in recent years,Chinese Pancreatic Association,the Chinese Society of Surgery,Chinese Medical Association revised the Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer in China(2014)after reviewing evidence-based and problem-oriented literature published during 2015-2021,mainly focusing on highlight issues regarding diagnosis and surgical treatment of pancreatic cancer,conversion strategies for locally advanced pancreatic cancer,treatment of pancreatic cancer with oligo metastasis,adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapy,standardized processing of surgical specimens and evaluation of surgical margin status,systemic treatment for unresectable pancreatic cancer,genetic testing,as well as postoperative follow up of patients with pancreatic cancer.Forty recommendation items were finally proposed based on the above issues,and the quality of evidence and strength of recommendations were graded using the Grades of Recommendation,Assessment,Development,and Evaluation system.This guideline aims to standardize the clinical diagnosis and therapy,especially surgical treatment of pancreatic cancer in China,and further improve the prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer.

Reduced-size orthotopic liver transplantation with different grade steatotic grafts in rats

Objective To explore the survival time,pathological change and liver regeneration in different kinds of reduced-size liver transplantation in rats using steatotic grafts. Methods Macrovesicular and microvesicular steatotic rat liver models were established by feeding rats with a diet consisting of 79% standard chow,20% lard and 1% cholesterol for different time periods. With modified two cuff vascular anastomoses and end-to-end sutures on the bile duct,reduced-size orthotopic rat liver transplantations were performed in an attempt to explore the ratio of graft weight to recipient body weight,recipient original liver weight and histological and electron-microscopic findings in comparison with whole rat liver transplantations. Results A one-week survival rates for the rats undergoing whole liver transplantation,and those in the 70% reduced-size orthotopic liver transplantation (ROLT) group,the 60%ROLT group and the 50%ROLT group (grade Ⅰ macrosteatotic grafts) were 91.67%,75%,75% and 25%. A 2-week survival rate was 83.33%,75%,58.33% and 0 respectively. And their graft recipient body weight (GRBW) values SD were 3.56%±0.36%,2.53%±0.15%,2.28%±0.12% and 1.83%±0.16%,respectively. In grade Ⅱ macrosteatotic grafts,the one-week survival rate for those undergoiong whole liver transplantation and those in the 70% ROLT group was 83.33% and 25%. In the microsteatosis grafts for whole liver transplantation,70% ROLT,60% ROLT and 50% ROLT,the one-week survival rate was 83.33%,75%,75% and 33.33%; and the 2-week survival rate was 75%,66.67%,66.67% and 0,respectively. The survival rate of the 50% ROLT group using grade Ⅰ macrosteatotic grafts or grafts mainly with microsteatosis was significantly different from that of other groups. While using macrosteatotic grafts in grade Ⅱ, the 1-week survival rate of the 70% ROLT group was very poor. Pathological findings after operation included liver regeneration and portal space with mild lymphocyte infiltration. Improvement in steatosis and dilation of the central vein and sinusoids was observed in some rats.Conclusions In the successful and long-term survival of rat reduced-size liver transplantation using grade Ⅰmacrosteatotic grafts or grafts with microsteatosis,the GRBW values should be over 2.28%±0.12%,and the value of graft-recipient liver weight should be over 60%. Steatotic livers in grade Ⅱ should not be used as grafts in ROLT. Steatosis was improved and even totally cured in some long-term survival rats.