Advances of embedded resistive random access memory in industrial manufacturing and its potential applications

Embedded memory,which heavily relies on the manufacturing process,has been widely adopted in various industrial applications.As the field of embedded memory continues to evolve,innovative strategies are emerging to enhance performance.Among them,resistive random access memory(RRAM)has gained significant attention due to its numerousadvantages over traditional memory devices,including high speed(<1 ns),high density(4 F^(2)·n^(-1)),high scalability(~nm),and low power consumption(~pJ).This review focuses on the recent progress of embedded RRAM in industrial manufacturing and its potentialapplications.It provides a brief introduction to the concepts and advantages of RRAM,discusses the key factors that impact its industrial manufacturing,and presents the commercial progress driven by cutting-edge nanotechnology,which has been pursued by manysemiconductor giants.Additionally,it highlights the adoption of embedded RRAM in emerging applications within the realm of the Internet of Things and future intelligent computing,with a particular emphasis on its role in neuromorphic computing.Finally,the review discusses thecurrent challenges and provides insights into the prospects of embedded RRAM in the era of big data and artificial intelligence.

Neuroplastin in Ca^(2+)signal regulation and plasticity of glutamatergic synapses

The main function of neurons is information transmission in the form of action potentials.To fulfill this duty,neurons are connected functionally with each other via synapses,the microscopic structures where specialized molecular machinery is strategically placed to release and receive neurotransmitters and to generate and extinguish calcium(Ca^(2+))signals.These synaptic molecular components are highly dynamic and they influence each other to confer structural and functional adaptability(plasticity)to neuronal communication(Biederer et al.,2017).

Effect of charge trapping on electrical characteristics of silicon junctionless nanowire transistor

We investigated the effect of charge trapping on electrical characteristics of silicon junctionless nanowire transistors which are fabricated on heavily n-type doped silicon-on-insulator substrate. The obvious random telegraph noise and current hysteresis observed at the temperature of 10 K indicate the existence of acceptor-like traps. The position depth of the traps in the oxide from Si/SiO_(2) interface is 0.35 nm, calculated by utilizing the dependence of the capture and emission time on the gate voltage. Moreover, by constructing a three-dimensional model of tri-gate device structure in COMSOL Multiphysics simulation software, we achieved the trap density of 1.9 × 10^(12) cm^(–2) and the energy level position of traps at 0.18 eV below the intrinsic Fermi level.

Discuss on the Countermeasures and Measures for the Development of Yunnan-style Gardens in the Southwestern Frontier of China——A Case Study on Honghe Hani-Yi Autonomous Prefecture

Yunnan gardening in the southern extension of the Himalayas has its specificity.Because of extremely rich elements,the natural endowment has objectively"casted"a series of vivid"Chinese ink paintings",that is to say you can"move and then see a new scene,turn and then face a new view".Yunnan-style gardens,which imply truth in"paintings"by intricately carving and constantly improve the connotation and extension creation process,are not only an economic phenomenon,but also a cultural category and the crystallization of the collective wisdom of all ethnic groups in Yunnan.The"Yunnan-style gardens"system is being constructed.This paper traced the growth process and proposed development countermeasures and measures based on the analysis of Yunnan s resource endowment.

Piezoresistive Characteristic of Conductive Rubber for Flexible Tactile Sensor

In the research of 2D flexible tactile sensor matrix,pressure-sensitive conductive rubber was developed and tested in which carbon black was used as its conductive phase and silicon rubber as its matrix layer.Experiments were undertaken and the resultant data were used for its piezoresistive characteristics investigation for two kinds of electrode connection configurations,the surface directive connection and embedded connection.It is found that due to the rather strong nonlinearity of the piezoresistive characteristic curves obtained,a higher correlation relationship can be obtained by means of quadratic polynomial fitting.It also showed that the embedded electrode assembling has higher fitting accuracy while the surface directive connection has better mechanical sensitivity.

基于细胞内应变评估的卵母细胞去核方法及在机器人化克隆中的应用

自1996年第一只克隆羊诞生,克隆技术就由于其在动物育种方面的巨大潜力而得到了大量关注。体细胞核移植技术是动物克隆的核心,其操作过程非常复杂,不可避免地造成细胞内损伤。通常来说,只有不到1%的重构胚胎能够发育成克隆动物,克隆的低成功率是制约其广泛应用的主要原因之一。为此,本文提出了一种基于细胞内应变评估的卵母细胞去核方法,来减少体细胞核移植中的潜在细胞内损伤,从而提高克隆成功率。首先,论文根据细胞内速度场计算细胞内应变,进而将内应变作为评价标准来优化去核操作;在此基础上,开发了一套机器人批量体细胞核移植系统,用于实现机器人化克隆。实验结果表明,本文方法将体细胞核移植后的胚胎囊胚率从10.0%提高到20.8%,并成功获得17头克隆小猪,这是世界首批由机器人完成克隆操作获得的克隆动物。对比手动核移植操作,本文将克隆成功率从平均0.73%提升到了2.50%,大幅提升了克隆效率。与此同时,基于细胞内应变的去核方法有望应用于其他生物操作,并建立一种通用的减少细胞内损伤的细胞操作规范。

TMEM63B regulates postnatal development of cochlear sensory epithelia via thyroid hormone signaling

Sound transmission occurs in the cochlea,a complex and ingenious subdivision in the inner ear.The structure of the cochlea develops structurally and functionally by the time before two postnatal weeks(the time of hearing onset)in mice(Geal-Dor et al.,1993).Greater epithelial ridge(GER,also known as Kolliker's organ)is a transient cochlear structure containing a group of columnar epithelial supporting cells surrounding the inner hair cells(IHCs).

Adaptive Synchronization between Two Different Complex Networks with Time-Varying Delay Coupling

A new general network model for two complex networks with time-varying delay coupling is presented. Then we investigate its synchronization phenomena. The two complex networks of the model differ in dynamic nodes, the number of nodes and the coupling connections. By using adaptive controllers, a synchronization criterion is derived. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the obtained synchronization criterion. This study may widen the application range of synchronization, such as in chaotic secure communication.

Layout design of thin-walled structures with lattices and stiffeners using multi-material topology optimization

In this paper,the thin-walled structures with lattices and stiffeners manufactured by additive manufacturing are investigated.A design method based on the multi-material topology optimization is proposed for the simultaneous layout optimization of the lattices and stiffeners in thin-walled structures.First,the representative lattice units of the selected lattices are equivalent to the virtual homogeneous materials whose effective elastic matrixes are achieved by the energy-based homogenization method.Meanwhile,the stiffeners are modelled using the solid material.Subsequently,the multi-material topology optimization formulation is established for both the virtual homogeneous materials and solid material to minimize the structural compliance under mass constraint.Thus,the optimal layout of both the lattices and stiffeners could be simultaneously attained by the optimization procedure.Two applications,the aircraft panel structure and the equipment mounting plate,are dealt with to demonstrate the detailed design procedure and reveal the effect of the proposed method.According to numerical comparisons and experimental results,the thin-walled structures with lattices and stiffeners have significant advantages over the traditional stiffened thin-walled structures and lattice sandwich structures in terms of static,dynamic and anti-instability performance.

Design and applications of morphing aircraft and their structures

Morphing aircraft can adaptively regulate their aerodynamic layout to meet the demands of varying flight conditions,improve their aerodynamic efficiency,and reduce their energy consumption.The design and fabrication of high-performance,lightweight,and intelligent morphing structures have become a hot topic in advanced aircraft design.This paper discusses morphing aircraft development history,structural characteristics,existing applications,and future prospects.First,some conventional mechanical morphing aircraft are examined with focus on their morphing modes,mechanisms,advantages,and disadvantages.Second,the novel applications of several technologies for morphing unmanned aerial vehicles,including additive manufacturing for fabricating complex morphing structures,lattice technology for reducing structural weight,and multi-mode morphing combined with flexible skins and foldable structures,are summarized and categorized.Moreover,in consideration of the further development of active morphing aircraft,the paper reviews morphing structures driven by smart material actuators,such as shape memory alloy and macro-fiber composites,and analyzes their advantages and limitations.Third,the paper discusses multiple challenges,including flexible structures,flexible skins,and control systems,in the design of future morphing aircraft.Lastly,the development and application of morphing structures in the aerospace field are discussed to provide a reference for future research and engineering applications.

Non-destructive detection of tea stalk and insect foreign bodies based on THz-TDS combination of electromagnetic vibration feeder

Background and objectives:Current technology of X-ray imaging can recognize hard foreign materials(FMs)such as metal and high-density plastic.However,low-density foreign bodies are still a challenge for food quality and safety assessment.Materials and methods:An electromagnetic vibration feeder aided by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy(THz-TDS)and imaging was inves-tigated for non-destructively detecting tea stalk and insect FMs mixed with tea leaves.Results:THz time-domain signals were employed directly to develop the K-nearest neighbor model with a precision of 100%,accuracy of 95.6%and recall of 98.7%in predicting the unknown samples.High contrast THz-TDS images were obtained by the separation method for the samples using electromagnetic vibration feeder.The characteristic parameters of the ratio of maximum length(L)to maximum width(W)and hue extracted from THz-TDS images indicated significant difference between tea leaves and FMs.Conclusions:The results suggested that electromagnetic vibration feeder combination with THz-TDS was feasible for detecting FMs in fin-ishingteaproducts.

Coordination-theoretic approach to modelling grid service composition process

A grid service composite process is made up of complex coordinative activities.Developing the appropriate model of grid service coordinative activities is an important foundation for the grid service composition.According to the coordination theory,this paper elaborates the process of the grid service composition by using UML 2.0,and proposes an approach to modelling the grid service composition process based on the coordination theory.This approach helps not only to analyze accurately the task activities and relevant dependencies among task activities,but also to facilitate the adaptability of the grid service orchestration to further realize the connectivity,timeliness,appropriateness and expansibility of the grid service composition.

A filter algorithm for multi-measurement nonlinear system with parameter perturbation

An improved interacting multiple models particle filter (IMM-PF) algorithm is proposed for multi-measurement nonlinear system with parameter perturbation. It divides the perturbation region into sub-regions and assigns each of them a particle filter. Hence the perturbation problem is converted into a multi-model filters problem. It combines the multiple meas- urements into a fusion value according to their likelihood function. In the simulation study, we compared it with the IMM-KF and the H-infinite filter; the results testify to its advantage over the other two methods.

Coevolutionary insights between promoters and transcription factors in the plant and animal kingdoms

The divergence and continuous evolution of plants and animals contribute to ecological diversity.Promoters and transcription factors(TFs) are key determinants of gene regulation and transcription throughoutlife.However,theevolutionary trajectories and relationships of promoters and TFs are still poorly understood. Here, we conducted extensive analysis of large-scale multi-omics sequences in 420 animal species and 223 plant species spanning nearly a billion years of evolutionary history. Results showed that promoter GC-contentandTFisoelectricpoints,as features/signatures that accompany long biological evolution, exhibited increasing growth in animal cells but a decreasing trend in plant cells. Furthermore, the evolutionary trajectories of promoter and TF signatures in the animal kingdom provided further evidence that Mammalia as well as Aves evolved directly from the ancestor Reptilia. The strong correlation between promoter and TF signatures indicates that promoters and TFs formed antagonistic coevolution in the animal kingdom, but mutualistic coevolution in the plant kingdom. The distinct coevolutionary patterns potentially drive the plant-animal divergence, divergent evolution and ecological diversity.

In-situ construction of all-scale hierarchical microstructure and thermoelectric properties of(Sr_(0.25)Ca_(0.25)Ba_(0.25)La_(0.25))TiO_(3)/Pb@Bi composite oxide ceramics

SrTiO_(3)-based oxides have been investigated as a promising n-type thermoelectric material at high temperatures;however,the relatively high thermal conductivity results in inferior thermoelectric performance.The lattice thermal conductivity can be significantly reduced by high-entropy engineering via severe lattice distortion.However,high configuration entropy also causes the deterioration of carrier mobility and restrains electron transport resulting in low electrical conductivity.In this work,the low lattice thermal conductivity of 1.7 W/(m·K)at 1073 K and significantly improved electrical conductivity of 112 S/cm from 60 S/cm can be achieved in n-type(Sr_(0.25)Ca_(0.25)Ba_(0.25)La_(0.25))TiO_(3)/Pb@Bi composites ceramics with core-shell grains of all-scale hierarchical microstructure.The effects of the complex microstructure of core-shell grains as well as the precipitated Pb@Bi particles on electrons and phonons transport properties were systematically explored.ZTmax of 0.18 was obtained for the SPS-1200,which was 1.5 times that of pure high-entropy(Ca_(0.2)Sr_(0.2)Ba_(0.2)La_(0.2)Pb_(0.2))TiO_(3)samples prepared by a solid-state method.This improvement in thermoelectric performance contributes to the addition of Bi_(2)O_(3)into the high-entropy(Sr_(0.2)Ca_(0.2)Ba_(0.2)Pb_(0.2)La_(0.2))TiO_(3)matrix resulting in multiphase core-shell grain structure combined with well-dispersed nano-sized metal Pb@Bi precipitates in the matrix.This feasible strategy of in-situ constructing all-scale hierarchical nanostructures can also be applied to enhance the performance of other thermoelectric systems.

Microtubules composed of α4A undergo curved growth mainly mediated by its core structure

Dear Editor,Microtubules consisting of α/β-tubulin dimers exhibit various shapes in different cell stages and cell types,which are important for their diverse roles in eukaryotic cells.Both α-and β-tubulin comprise multiple genes in vertebrates,e.g.mice have at least seven α-tubulin and eight β-tubulin genes.The distribution and expression of these isotypes vary widely among different tissues and developmental stages.Tubulin α1A is generally expressed in post-mitotic neurons and exhibits a decrease in postnatal and adult stages(Yue et al.,2014),while tubulin α4A is highly expressed in the brain and heart during later stages of development(Yue et al.,2014).

Development and Evaluation of Multiscale Fiber-reinforced Composite Powders for Powder-bed Fusion Process

The development of multiscale fiber-reinforced composite powders is an effective way to improve the mechanical properties and functionality of additively manufactured parts.Herein,a novel thermally induced precipitation process is proposed for preparing multiscale fiber-reinforced powders.A systematic evaluation was conducted to explore the main factors influencing powder morphology,powder flow,and microstructure.In the powder-forming mechanism,the polymer matrix is coated on the microfiber,and a film of carbon nanotubes covers the powder surface,which is promoted by heterogeneous nucleation.The composite powders comprised polyamide 12,carbon fiber(CF),and carbon nanotubes,which have been successfully applied in powder bed fusion processes including selective laser sintering(SLS).Smooth flow and powder deposition were observed,and the composite components obtained via SLS were well-fabricated using the optimized process parameters.A CF loading ratio of up to 66.7 wt%and homogeneous fiber distribution within the matrix were successfully achieved.

InGaN multiple quantum well based light-emitting diodes with indium composition gradient InGaN quantum barriers

To improve the internal quantum efficiency(IQE)and light output power of In Ga N light-emitting diodes(LEDs),we proposed an In-composition gradient increase and decrease In Ga N quantum barrier structure.Through analysis of its P-I graph,carrier concentration,and energy band diagram,the results showed that when the current was 100 m A,the In-composition gradient decrease quantum barrier(QB)structure could effectively suppress electron leakage while improving hole injection efficiency,resulting in an increase in carrier concentration in the active region and an improvement in the effective recombination rate in the quantum well(QW).As a result,the IQE and output power of the LED were effectively improved.

Through-polymer,via technology-enabled,flexible,lightweight,and integrated devices for implantable neural probes

In implantable electrophysiological recording systems,the headstage typically comprises neural probes that interface with brain tissue and integrated circuit chips for signal processing.While advancements in MEMS and CMOS technology have significantly improved these components,their interconnection still relies on conventional printed circuit boards and sophisticated adapters.This conventional approach adds considerable weight and volume to the package,especially for high channel count systems.To address this issue,we developed a through-polymer via(TPV)method inspired by the through-silicon via(TSV)technique in advanced three-dimensional packaging.This innovation enables the vertical integration of flexible probes,amplifier chips,and PCBs,realizing a flexible,lightweight,and integrated device(FLID).The total weight of the FLIDis only 25%that of its conventional counterparts relying on adapters,which significantly increased the activity levels of animals wearing the FLIDs to nearly match the levels of control animals without implants.Furthermore,by incorporating a platinum-iridium alloy as the top layer material for electrical contact,the FLID realizes exceptional electrical performance,enabling in vivo measurements of both local field potentials and individual neuron action potentials.These findings showcase the potential of FLIDs in scaling up implantable neural recording systems and mark a significant advancement in the field of neurotechnology.

A review of topology optimization for additive manufacturing:Status and challenges

Topology optimization was developed as an advanced structural design methodology to generate innovative lightweight and high-performance configurations that are difficult to obtain with conventional ideas.Additive manufacturing is an advanced manufacturing technique building asdesigned structures via layer-by-layer joining material,providing an alternative pattern for complex components.The integration of topology optimization and additive manufacturing can make the most of their advantages and potentials,and has wide application prospects in modern manufacturing.This article reviews the main content and applications of the research on the integration of topology optimization and additive manufacturing in recent years,including multi-scale or hierarchical structural optimization design and topology optimization considering additive manufacturing constraints.Meanwhile,some challenges of structural design approaches for additive manufacturing are discussed,such as the performance characterization and scale effects of additively manufactured lattice structures,the anisotropy and fatigue performance of additively manufactured material,and additively manufactured functionally graded material issues,etc.It is shown that in the research of topology optimization for additive manufacturing,the integration of material,structure,process and performance is important to pursue high-performance,multi-functional and lightweight production.This article provides a reference for further related research and aerospace applications.