Ground penetrating radar surveys of technical condition of Karatomar and Aktobe water storage basins on the river Tobol are shown. In this article we have shown that dams have problems with cavities and identified lon...Ground penetrating radar surveys of technical condition of Karatomar and Aktobe water storage basins on the river Tobol are shown. In this article we have shown that dams have problems with cavities and identified longitudinal dimensions of anomalous zones of decompression.展开更多
This paper studies the problems of mathematical description of physical processes in open non-equilibrium atmosphere. It is proposed that the mathematical description should be based on the idea that properties of an ...This paper studies the problems of mathematical description of physical processes in open non-equilibrium atmosphere. It is proposed that the mathematical description should be based on the idea that properties of an open system are determined by the properties of its elements and external constraints. It is also explained why atmosphere should be represented by an open non-equilibrium system of gas and radiation. Difference between physical processes in the above mentioned system and equilibrium atmosphere is given. The modification of equations of non-equilibrium thermodynamics for a system of gas and radiation is proposed. Possible ways for further development of tools of non-equilibrium thermodynamics are considered.展开更多
Restrictions of classical mechanics which take place because of holonomic constraints hypothesis used for obtaining canonical Lagrange equation are analyzed. As it was shown that this hypothesis excludes non-linear te...Restrictions of classical mechanics which take place because of holonomic constraints hypothesis used for obtaining canonical Lagrange equation are analyzed. As it was shown that this hypothesis excludes non-linear terms in the expression for forces which are responsible for energy exchange between different degrees of freedom of a many-body system. An oscillator passing a potential barrier is considered as an example which demonstrated this fact. It was found that the oscillator can pass the barrier even if kinetic energy of its mass center is below the potential barrier’s height due to non-linear terms. This effect is lost because of holonomic constraints hypothesis. We also explained how one can derive a system’s motion equation without the use of holonomic constraints hypothesis. This equation can be used to describe non-linear irreversible processes within the frames of Newton’s laws.展开更多
With geomagnetic measurements on board of CHAMP satellite, the characteristics of global large-scale field-aligned currents (FACs) in the topside ionosphere are investigated along with their responses to interplanetar...With geomagnetic measurements on board of CHAMP satellite, the characteristics of global large-scale field-aligned currents (FACs) in the topside ionosphere are investigated along with their responses to interplanetary conditions for the superstorm of November, 2003. It is found that (1) The storm-time FAC densities enhanced greatly in comparison with quiet period and the enhancements show hemispheric asymmetry of both summer-winter and sunlit-dark. (2) For the first time, it is revealed that the lati-tude-integrated FAC density is controlled mainly by solar wind dynamic pressure rather than IMF. (3) FACs expanded equatorward dramatically, with the lowest latitude being 45° MLat or more; on the day-side this expansion was controlled directly by IMF Bz, showing an interaction time scale of about 25 min in the solar wind-magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling system, and a nonlinear saturation of the equatorward expansion when IMF Bz < -30 nT; while on the nightside, the expansion and recovery lagged about 3 h behind the IMF changes but nearly in phase with changes of SYM-H index. (4) During the storm main phase, the nightside FAC latitude coverage extended to 25° or wider, appearing multi-sheet current structure with more than 10 sheets.展开更多
文摘Ground penetrating radar surveys of technical condition of Karatomar and Aktobe water storage basins on the river Tobol are shown. In this article we have shown that dams have problems with cavities and identified longitudinal dimensions of anomalous zones of decompression.
文摘This paper studies the problems of mathematical description of physical processes in open non-equilibrium atmosphere. It is proposed that the mathematical description should be based on the idea that properties of an open system are determined by the properties of its elements and external constraints. It is also explained why atmosphere should be represented by an open non-equilibrium system of gas and radiation. Difference between physical processes in the above mentioned system and equilibrium atmosphere is given. The modification of equations of non-equilibrium thermodynamics for a system of gas and radiation is proposed. Possible ways for further development of tools of non-equilibrium thermodynamics are considered.
文摘Restrictions of classical mechanics which take place because of holonomic constraints hypothesis used for obtaining canonical Lagrange equation are analyzed. As it was shown that this hypothesis excludes non-linear terms in the expression for forces which are responsible for energy exchange between different degrees of freedom of a many-body system. An oscillator passing a potential barrier is considered as an example which demonstrated this fact. It was found that the oscillator can pass the barrier even if kinetic energy of its mass center is below the potential barrier’s height due to non-linear terms. This effect is lost because of holonomic constraints hypothesis. We also explained how one can derive a system’s motion equation without the use of holonomic constraints hypothesis. This equation can be used to describe non-linear irreversible processes within the frames of Newton’s laws.
基金DAAD Sandwich Scholarship and the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China (Grant No. 40390150)
文摘With geomagnetic measurements on board of CHAMP satellite, the characteristics of global large-scale field-aligned currents (FACs) in the topside ionosphere are investigated along with their responses to interplanetary conditions for the superstorm of November, 2003. It is found that (1) The storm-time FAC densities enhanced greatly in comparison with quiet period and the enhancements show hemispheric asymmetry of both summer-winter and sunlit-dark. (2) For the first time, it is revealed that the lati-tude-integrated FAC density is controlled mainly by solar wind dynamic pressure rather than IMF. (3) FACs expanded equatorward dramatically, with the lowest latitude being 45° MLat or more; on the day-side this expansion was controlled directly by IMF Bz, showing an interaction time scale of about 25 min in the solar wind-magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling system, and a nonlinear saturation of the equatorward expansion when IMF Bz < -30 nT; while on the nightside, the expansion and recovery lagged about 3 h behind the IMF changes but nearly in phase with changes of SYM-H index. (4) During the storm main phase, the nightside FAC latitude coverage extended to 25° or wider, appearing multi-sheet current structure with more than 10 sheets.
