Comparison of carotenoid,chlorophyll concentrations and their biosynthetic transcript levels in different coloured cauliflower

Carotenoids and chlorophylls are among the most widely distributed pigments in nature that play essential roles in the photosynthetic apparatus and confer diverse colours in plants.Among all vegetables,cauliflower(Brassica oleracea L.ssp.var.botrytis)is rich in phytochemicals and is an important crop grown all over the world.This study investigates carotenoid and chlorophyll concentrations in differently pigmented cultivars and elucidates the role of transcriptional regulation of carotenoid accumulation including lutein andβ-carotene.Here,we characterised changes in pigments by UHPLC-DAD-ToF-MS and changes in transcript levels of carotenoid metabolic genes by qRT-PCR in florets and leaves of orange(‘Jaffa'and‘Sunset'),purple(‘Di Sicilia Violetto'and‘Graffiti'),green(‘Trevi')and white(‘Clapton')cultivars.Transcript levels of all carotenoid metabolic genes showed different transcript level patterns in the leaves and florets.Compared to the other cultivars,the orange cultivars had the highest levels ofβ-carotene in the florets and lutein in the leaves resulting in changes lutein/β-carotene ratios.In the green cultivar,higher transcript levels were also found,especially for phytoene synthase and phytoene desaturase genes of the core biosynthesis pathway.However,no increased carotenoid concentrations were observed,possibly due to a higher carotenoid turnover induced by the carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 4 in the green cultivar.In the white(‘Clapton')and purple(‘Di Sicilia Violetto'and‘Graffiti')cultivars the phytoene desaturase transcript levels as well as carotenoid concentrations were low.Chlorophyll concentrations changed in trend comparable to the carotenoid concentrations and were only significantly lower in the leaves of the orange cultivar‘Jaffa'.Also,the chlorophyll a/b ratio changed in‘Jaffa'.In florets the highest chlorophylls concentrations were observed for the green cultivar(‘Trevi')and the purple cultivar(‘Di Sicilia Violetto').Taken together,the study demonstrates the complex source-sink relationship of carotenoid accumulation in different coloured cauliflower.

Management of Severely Malnourished Children Aged 6 - 59 Months Hospitalized in the Pediatric Ward of Kayanza Hospital/Burundi

The implementation of WHO guidelines has significantly reduced hospital mortality due to severe malnutrition. Nevertheless, severe acute malnutrition in children under five remains a major public health problem in all low-income countries and is little studied. The study aimed to assess the nutritional status and quality of management of severe acute malnutrition in children aged 06 to 59 months hospitalized in the pediatric ward of Kayanza Hospital. This is a prospective study with descriptive and analytical aims over 6 months from February 10 to July 9, 2023. All children aged 6 to 59 months admitted for severe acute malnutrition are included in this study. The results show that the most affected age group is 12 to 23 months (42.55%). Marasmus is the most common clinical form, at 70.2%. Housewives and mothers from rural areas are the most affected, with rates ranging from 69.14% to 91.49%. The study shows that the reasons for consultation are respectively: edema (29.78%), diarrhea (26.59%), vomiting (19.14%), and fever (14.89%). Dehydration and hypothermia were the main complications observed in 45.74% and 22.34% respectively. Medical treatment was provided by antibiotics (44.68%), artesunate (31.91%), and resomal (21.27%). Nutritional treatment consisted of F75 100% milk and F100 100% milk. Pathologies observed were: anemia 38.29%, malaria 37.23%, urinary tract infection 12.7%, measles 11.7%. The national protocol for integrated management of acute malnutrition (PCIMA) was followed. This study shows that 72.3% of children were successfully treated, with 9.5% dropping out and dying, and 8.5% not responding. We found that malnutrition remains a public health problem, affecting mostly children aged 12 to 24 months. The main complications or pathologies associated with malnutrition are diarrhea, malaria, and fever, and the majority of children suffer from marasmus.

Discrimination of Green,Oolong,and Black Teas by GC-MS Analysis of Characteristic Volatile Flavor Compounds

Tea is one of the most consumed beverages in the world and its quality is influenced by geographical origin and production methods. This study focuses on the volatile aroma components of 38 tea products from China, Japan, Indonesia, Sri-Lanka, and Chinese Taipei;among them 7 green teas, 13 oolong teas, and 18 black teas. The volatiles were extracted from the infusions using PorapakQ-resin, concentrated, and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The components were identified by authentic reference compounds or preliminary based on their mass spectra. Different manufacturing processes yield different blends of aroma compounds. In general, the contents of total volatiles, aliphatics, aromatics, and terpenoids increased with the fermentation degree, whereas jasmine lactone and indole were the highest in oolong teas. Some particular manufacturing processes, for example, the use of tea leaves infested by the tea green leafhopper, lead to higher contents of volatiles in final products as in Oriental Beauty oolong tea. The relative peak areas determined for 82 volatiles were the basis for the statistical analysis and highlight the potential of multivariate analysis to distinguish tea samples of different categories.

Tissue-specific signatures of metabolites and proteins in asparagus roots and exudates

Comprehensive untargeted and targeted analysis of root exudate composition has advanced our understanding of rhizosphere processes.However,little is known about exudate spatial distribution and regulation.We studied the specific metabolite signatures of asparagus root exudates,root outer(epidermis and exodermis),and root inner tissues(cortex and vasculature).The greatest differences were found between exudates and root tissues.In total,263 non-redundant metabolites were identified as significantly differentially abundant between the three root fractions,with the majority being enriched in the root exudate and/or outer tissue and annotated as‘lipids and lipid-like molecules’or‘phenylpropanoids and polyketides’.Spatial distribution was verified for three selected compounds using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry imaging.Tissue-specific proteome analysis related root tissue-specific metabolite distributions and rhizodeposition with underlying biosynthetic pathways and transport mechanisms.The proteomes of root outer and inner tissues were spatially very distinct,in agreement with the fundamental differences between their functions and structures.According to KEGG pathway analysis,the outer tissue proteome was characterized by a high abundance of proteins related to‘lipid metabolism’,‘biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites’and‘transport and catabolism’,reflecting its main functions of providing a hydrophobic barrier,secreting secondary metabolites,and mediating water and nutrient uptake.Proteins more abundant in the inner tissue related to‘transcription’,‘translation’and‘folding,sorting and degradation’,in accord with the high activity of cortical and vasculature cell layers in growth-and development-related processes.In summary,asparagus root fractions accumulate specific metabolites.This expands our knowledge of tissue-specific plant cell function.

Effect of Steaming, Steam-Drying and Frying on the Provitamins A and Ascorbic Acid Contents of Squash （ Cucurbita Spp.）

Vitamin A deficiency still remains a nutritional concern in Cameroon. Squashes pulp is rich in provitamins A and could help to reduce this deficiency. Unfortunately, in Cameroon, squash pulp is more often reserved for the nutrition of sick people and domestic animals. This study aimed at encouraging the consumption of squash pulp to contribute to vitamin A needs. The contents of a-carotene, all-trans-β-carotene and ascorbic acid were determined respectively by HPLC and titration with 2.6 dichlorophenol-indophenol in five landraces of raw, steamed, steam-dried and fried squash pulp from Cameroon. Moisture and total lipid content were also determined. Peeled pulp squash of 5 cm slice was steamed at 90℃ for 30 min or at 85℃ for 30 min, sliced again at 5 mm thickness and dried at 80℃ during 4 h to obtained steamed or steam-dried squashes. To have fried squashes, 40 g of 1 mm thickness slices pulp were fried in boiling refined palm oil （free of carotenoids） bath at 150℃ during 7 and 10 min. The results obtained showed that steam-drying and frying of squashes leaded to water losses （89%-95%）. As a consequence of this, the a-carotene, all-trans-β-carotene and ascorbic acid contents （expressed in g （100 g）-1 fresh portion） of steam-dried and fried squashes were significantly higher （P 〈 0.05） than those of steamed and raw pulp. However, the retention rate of provitamins A and ascorbic acid was more elevated in steamed than in steam-dried and fried squashes. These results suggest that steam-dried and fried squashes could contribute to fight against vitamin A deficiency while increasing availability of squashes.

Assessment of association between anthropometric indices and individuals’ Mizaj

Objectives:The whole concept of diagnosis and treatment of diseases in Persian medicine is based on Mizaj;accurate identification of Mizaj is crucial in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases in this medicine.The objective of this study was to assess the association between anthropometric measures and individuals’Mizaj.Methods:The study design was cross-sectional.The data collection tool included the Innate Nature Assessment Tool and Body analyzer(inbody model 570)for measuring anthropometric indices.The anthropometric indices included height,body mass index,total body protein,minerals,fat mass,intracellular water,extracellular water,bone mineral,cell mass level and mid-arm circumference.Statistical package for social sciences version 19.0 for windows(IBM Corporation,New York,NY,United States)was used for analysis.Settings:The setting of the study was Tehran,Iran.The study was conducted among 240 young individuals without any history of chronic or acute and congenital diseases working in an IT company during the year 2014–2015 in Tehran,Iran.Results:39.2%(n=94)of participants had sanguine Mizaj and a similar proportion had phlegmatic Mizaj.5%(n=12)had melancholic Mizaj and 12.9%(n=31)had choleric Mizaj.The rest has a combined Mizaj of sanguine-choleric.There was a significant association between all the anthropometric indices(Height,body mass index,total body protein,total body minerals,bone minerals,extracellular water and intracellular water and body cell mass)(P=0.000 for all the indices),except mid-arm circumference measure(P=0.461).Conclusions:The study results showed that there was a significant association between almost all anthropometric measures and Mizaj of individuals,and the pattern of association was consistence with the literature of Persian medicine about characteristics of Mizaj of individuals.

Progress in the Clinical Application of Cinacalcet in the Treatment of Secondary Hyperthyroidism

Secondary hyperthyroidism(SHPT)is a common complication of maintenance hemodialysis(MHD).In China the prevalence of chronic kidney disease(CKD)is 10.8%and there are about 0.2 million patients treated with maintenance hemodialysis.These number are still increasing.Cinacalcet is a new calcium sensing receptor agonist to treat SHPT and the first calcimimetics be approved by Food and Drug Administration(FDA)to treat human.It can activate the calcium sensing receptor in parathyroid to improving control of parathyroid hormone(PTH),serum calcium,phosphorus,and calcium phosphorus product.Then decrease vascular calcification and parathyroid gland volume and reduce the occurrence of fracture and calcific uremic arteriolopathy(CUA).A better understanding of the clinical evaluation for Cinacalcet will hopefully help us to reduce the incidence of SHPT.

Herbal medicine in treatment of dysmenorrhea:a systematic review

Objective:Herbal medicine has been a standard treatment for primary dysmenorrhea in different cultures and countries,and multiple studies have shown its possible positive effect on pain relief.This systematic review of the literature was conducted to assess different types of herbal medicine used to treat primary dysmenorrhea and evaluate the effectiveness of these medicines.Methods:This study systematically reviewed published articles on herbal medicine treating primary dysmenorrhea for 10 years(2011-2021),using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)guidelines.In February 2022,international credible scholarly databases were searched.Also,the references of selected articles were hand searched to find relevant studies.Based on the search syntax,the search guideline was first defined for the PubMed database and was later revised according to each database’s specific framework of search method.The studies were included if they were either clinical trials or Quasi-Experimental,published in English or Persian between 2011 to 2021.Grey literature,unfinished studies,and studies without well-defined primary dysmenorrheal participants were excluded.Results:Seventy-three studies investigated the effectiveness of a total of 44 plants and plant combinations(35 single plants and 9 combinations of plants)on primary dysmenorrhea of which only one study did not report a significant positive effect.Ginger was the most investigated plant.Eight studies assessed the effects of ginger alone,and four studied the combination of ginger with other plants,all of them showed significant effects but one study.Nine studies investigated the effects of either fennel or its combination,five studies were on chamomile and three studies were related to lavender.Overall,all of them,except one,reported the positive effect of herbal medicine on primary dysmenorrhea.Conclusions:Different herbal medicine has been used to treat primary dysmenorrhea,significantly reducing pain intensity or duration or bleeding severity or duration.

Efficacy and Safety of Febuxost at in the Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease with Hyperuricemia: A Meta- Analysis

Background Febuxostat and allopurinol have different pharmacological mechanisms,the efficacy of febuxostat in chronic kidney disease complicated with hyperuricemia remains controversial.A meta-analysis and systemic review was conducted to investigate the efficacy and safety of febuxostat in CKD populations complicated with hyperuricemia.Methods A comprehensive search was conducted in multiple electronic databases based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria,before December 2016,searching for the published studies,including Chinese and English,relating to the use of febuxostat in CKD populations complicated with hyperuricemia,and manual retrieval of the inclusion literature.Literature evaluation and data extraction were performed by two reviewers,Rev Man 5.3 was used to perform the meta-analysis.Results Seven studies with 482 CKD patients were included in the meta-analysis.We found that febuxostat can significantly slow the decreasing speed of e GFR[RR=4.90,95%CI(1.95,7.84),P=0.001],and reduce serum uric acid[RR=-99.30,95%CI(-172.24,-26.37),P=0.008]levels in CKD patients complicated with hyperuricemia when compairing with control group.There was no significant difference in the levels of systolic blood pressure[RR=-2.19,95%CI(-9.99,5.61),P=0.58],diastolic blood pressure[RR=-2.30,95%CI(-7.33,2.73),P=0.10],low density lipoprotein[RR=-0.47,95%CI(-7.64,6.69),P=0.90]between the two groups.Compared with the control group,the use of febuxostat increase the incidence of adverse reaction[RR=4.73,95%CI(1.04,21.43),P=0.04]in patients.Conclusions Febuxostat can significantly lower serum uric acid level and effectively delay the process of chronic renal failure in CKD patients complicated with hyperuricemic,increases the incidence of adverse reaction,no significant difference in SBP,DBP,LDL,when compared with control group.

Systems Pharmacological Approach to Investigate the Mechanism of Hericium erinaceus for Alzheimer’s Disease

Objective To confirm evidence regarding the potential therapeutic effect of Hericium erinaceus(H.erinaceus,Hou Tou Gu,猴头菇) on Alzheimer’s disease(AD) using a system pharmacological approach in silico.Methods The active compounds of H.erinaceus were screened from the TCMDatabase@Taiwan,PubMed,and Pubchem.The predicted targets of H.erinaceus were selected by using the Similarity Ensemble Approach Database and the DisGeNET database was used to screen the targets related to AD.The compound-target-AD network was built.GO analysis and Pathway enrichment analysis were used for bioinformatics analysis.Results A total of 21 kinds of H.erinaceus active compounds were screened by network pharmacology,showing 451 predicted targets of active compounds.Among them,165 targets were associated with AD,and the compounds in H.erinaceus were highly connected to AD-related signaling pathways and biological processes,such as cholinergic synaptic transmission,inflammation-related pathways and neurotrophin signaling pathway.Conclusions Our results indicate that compounds in H.erinaceus interact with multiple targets in a synergetic way and the anti-inflammatory,anti-apoptosis and synaptic transmission enhancing effects of H.erinaceus might contribute to its major therapeutic effects on Alzheimer’s disease.

Validity of determining innate Mizaj (temperament) based on facial characteristics: a comparative study

In traditional Iranian medicine,accurate determination of Mizaj plays a very important role in the etiology and treatment of diseases.There are a lot of evidences and documents in original Iranian traditional medicine books and documents related to the relationship between Mizaj and the facial character and appearance.In this study,we investigated the validity of determining Mizaj based on facial dimensions and characteristics.For this purpose,a software was developed to determine Mizaj based on an algorithm of facial dimensions and appearance.This cross-sectional study investigated the validity of identifying Mizaj based on facial dimensions and appearance(using the facial-based Mizaj recognition software)by comparison with the Mizaj determined by a standardized questionnaire and by using the traditional method of experts’opinion on determining the Mizaj.The inclusion criteria of the study were being healthy,using no medication,and consent to participate in the study.The sample size of the study was 83 people.For analyzing the data,SPSS software version 19 was used.Also,for examining the level of internal agreement of the data,Kappa statistics were used.The results of the study showed that the level of agreement between determining Mizaj by facial characteristics with the experts’distinction of Mizaj is almost complete,and the level of agreement with the Mizaj questionnaire was moderate.The results showed that the facial-based Mizaj recognition software has a good validity to detect the Mizaj of individuals in the study sample.Although,studies with a larger sample size are needed to confirm the results of this study.

The Research Progression of Calcitonin for the Therapy of Renal Osteodystrophy

Calcitonin is a common medicine used in the treatment of osteoporosis,which could restrain the activity of osteoclasts,stop the loss of osteocalcin and reduce the transfer of osteocalcin.Calcitonin can also be used in the treatment of the pain-caused diseases which usually cause by hypercalcemia and others such like Paget's disease and bone tumors.As is approved by several clinic researches,calcitonin is powerful in adjusting the level of calcium,phosphorus and PTH during the treatment of renal osteodystrophy.In addition,it could improves the life quality of the patients who suffered from chronic kidney disease(CKD)and extending their life period.At present,several studies have shown us Calcitonin could be treated in renal osteodystrophy.However,the treatment experiences of Calcitonin are still lacking.Better understanding of the clinical evaluation for calcitonin in the treatment of renal osteodystrophy will hopefully help us to improve outcomes for these patients.

Application Status and Prospect of Bio-artificial Liver

Liver failure which can be caused by viral hepatitis,alcohol,drugs,metabolic diseases,autoimmune processes or other fac tors is the end stage of chronic liver disease.Although liver transplantation is currently considered to be the primary treatment measures of chronic liver disease.Due to donor shortages,surgical complications and immune rejection,cell therapy has been extensively studied.?Hepa tocyte transplantation and artificial liver have evolved into a simpler alternative to liver failure treatment.Artificial liver can be used as Liver replacement therapy in patients who were waiting for the liver transplantation with chronic liver disease.The ideal biological artificial liver must have the liver material metabolism,detoxification,synthesis and secretion and other functions.Nowadays bio-artificial liver has carried out a large number of clinical trials and get some progress.?This article is now discuss the status of bio-artificial liver and its re placement therapy prospects.

The Pathogenesis of the Mechanism of FGF23 in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with Vascular Calcification

Fibroblast growth factor 23(FGF23)is a protein synthesized by bone cell and the osteoblast with endocrine function.The main role of FGF23 is to regulate serum phosphorus and 1,25(OH)2 D3 levels,it also plays an important role in calcium and phosphorus metabolism.The role of FGF23 in renal disease is to inhibit of phosphorus reabsorption,promote urinary phosphorus excretion and maintain a stable blood phosphorus level.Patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD)have more risk to suffer cardiovascular disease(CVD)which is related to the abnormal metabolism of calcium and phosphorus.FGF23,as newly discovered cardiovascular risk marker,several studies have shown that FGF23 level associates with multiple cardiovascular risk factors in CKD patients,especially in CKD patients with vascular calcification.To explore its pathogenesis of vascular calcification in CKD patients is particularly important,and that may help to take appropriate measures to improve the prognosis of CKD patients.

Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

1 Introduction Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus(NPSLE)is a serious complication of systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE),with an incidence of about 30%to 40%[1].No matter early or late SLE patients are prone to concurrent,so early diagnosis and treatment of NPSLE is extremely important.

孕妇HBsAg携带状态对早产发生的影响

目的探讨孕妇乙肝表面抗原阳性对早产的发生是否有影响。方法回顾性分析2009年5月～2011年7月期间188例HBsAg阳性孕妇的妊娠期并发症、危险因素及妊娠结局，系统抽取同期病案号末位数是1和9的HBsAg阴性孕妇265例作为对照组。结果孕妇HBsAg阳性胎盘前置发生率明显高：]=HBsAg阴性孕妇（2．66％vs0％，P=0．03）；阳性组〈37周的早产发生率明显高于阴性组（12．23％vs6．04％，P=0．02）。两组之间妊娠高血压、子痫前期、妊娠期糖尿病、糖耐量异常、胎膜早破、剖宫产和产后出血的发生率无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。两组之间新生儿体质量、身长、头围、Apgar评分等婴儿发育指标也无显著差异（P〉0．05）。Logistic回归分析显示，孕妇HBsAg阳性、ALT升高、胎盘前置以及重度子痫前期是早产的危险因素。结论HBsAg阳性孕妇可增加早产的风险，但它并不影响胎儿宫内生长。

母婴血循环中Ang(1-7)水平对早产的影响

目的：探讨孕晚期母婴血浆血管紧张素（1-7）[Ang（1-7）]和血管紧张素Ⅱ（AngⅡ）浓度对胎儿早产以及宫内发育的影响。方法：前瞻性研究孕产妇309例，以妊娠至37孕周为界，将其分为早产组17例和足月产组292例。采用酶联免疫法检测分娩前母血及产后脐血血浆Ang（1-7）与AngⅡ浓度。分析早产与足月产两组孕妇一般临床资料、妊娠期并发症、新生儿发育指标等。通过校正混杂因素，应用单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析早产危险因素。结果：与足月产组比较，早产组孕妇血浆Ang（1-7）、AngⅡ及Ang（1-7）/AngⅡ质量浓度显著低于足月产组，分别为（399.86±218.93）、（710.34±598.22）ng/L，P＜0.001；（49.87±29.32）、（72.51±60.79）ng/L，P＝0.028；Ang（1-7）/AngⅡ（8.34±1.65）、（9.79±2.83），P＝0.012。与足月产组比较，早产组新生儿脐带血浆Ang （1-7）、AngⅡ质量浓度显著低于足月产组，分别为（486.15±337.34）、（833.34±698.12）ng/L，P＝0.001，（54.75±38.03）、（84.41±69.01）ng/L，P＝0.025，而两组间Ang（1-7）/AngⅡ无显著差异，分别为（9.54±2.55）、（9.85±3.11），P＝0.733。经多重Logistic回归分析，剔除子痫前期等混杂因素影响后，胎膜早破、新生儿Ang（1-7）低浓度是早产的危险因素是早产的危险因素，OR值分别为8.54（95％可信区间：2.73～26.76，P＜0.001）、0.31（95％可信区间：0.14～0.69，P＝0.010）。结论：孕晚期胎儿脐血Ang（1-7）浓度降低有增加早产的风险。

HSD11B2基因多态性与胎儿发育的关系

目的探讨正常妊娠HSD11B2基因多态性与胎儿发育的关系。方法用基因测序方法检测HSD11B2启动子/G-209A、G-194C、G-151A及G-126 A基因多态性。用PCR-毛细管电泳方法检测187对正常妊娠母血及脐血HSD11B2基因1号内含子{CA}n微卫星多态性。结果1、本研究中33例汉族人群HSD11B2启动子/G-209A、G-194C、G-151A及G-126 A位点均为野生型GG纯合子;2、新生儿出生体质量及孕晚期B超下体格参数指标在母血组和脐血组HSD11B2基因1号内含子{CA}n基因型SS、SL、LL组或者SS+SL、LL组之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。在考虑分娩孕周、胎儿性别、孕妇孕前BMI、孕妇分娩体质量、年龄为混杂因素的情况下,母血及脐血HSD11B2基因1号内含子{CA}n基因型与新生儿出生体质量及孕晚期B超下胎儿体格参数指标之间的关系,均未见相关性(P>0.05)。结论正常妊娠母体及胎儿HSD11B2基因多态性与胎儿发育指标不相关。

ABCB1基因多态性与母胎界面糖皮质激素的转运关系

目的:探讨正常妊娠ABCB1基因多态性与母胎界面皮质醇转运的关系。方法:用PCR-RFLP方法检测正常妊娠262例脐血及142例母血ABCB1 C3435T位点基因多态性,用化学发光法测定脐血及母血血清中皮质醇浓度。结果:ABCB1/C3435T基因多态性CC、CT和TT基因型频率脐血组分别为32.44%、53.82%和13.74%;母血组分别为35.91%5、0.70%和13.38%,两组差异无显著性(P>0.05)。TT基因型组胎儿血清皮质醇浓度小于CT及CC+CT基因型组,差异具有显著性(P<0.05);TT基因型组母血比脐血血清皮质醇浓度比值大于CT及CC+CT基因型组,差异具有显著性(P<0.05)。多因素回归分析显示,胎儿ABCB1/C3435T基因型与胎儿血清皮质醇浓度呈负相关(R2=0.399,B=-33.47,P=0.003),与母血比脐血血清皮质醇浓度比值呈正相关(R2=0.260,B=0.589,P=0.021)。母体ABCB1/C3435T基因多态性与血清皮质醇浓度无相关关系。结论:正常妊娠胎儿ABCB1/C3435T基因多态性与母胎界面皮质醇转运相关。

Chronic intestinal failure and short bowel syndrome in Crohn’s disease

Chronic intestinal failure(CIF)is a rare but feared complication of Crohn’s disease.Depending on the remaining length of the small intestine,the affected intestinal segment,and the residual bowel function,CIF can result in a wide spectrum of symptoms,from single micronutrient malabsorption to complete intestinal failure.Management of CIF has improved significantly in recent years.Advances in home-based parenteral nutrition,in particular,have translated into increased survival and improved quality of life.Nevertheless,60%of patients are permanently reliant on parenteral nutrition.Encouraging results with new drugs such as teduglutide have added a new dimension to CIF therapy.The outcomes of patients with CIF could be greatly improved by more effective prevention,understanding,and treatment.In complex cases,the care of patients with CIF requires a multidisciplinary approach involving not only physicians but also dietitians and nurses to provide optimal intestinal rehabilitation,nutritional support,and an improved quality of life.Here,we summarize current literature on CIF and short bowel syndrome,encompassing epidemiology,pathophysiology,and advances in surgical and medical management,and elucidate advances in the understanding and therapy of CIF-related complications such as catheter-related bloodstream infections and intestinal failure-associated liver disease.