Diagnostic and economic value of carcinoembryonic antigen,carbohydrate antigen 19-9,and carbohydrate antigen 72-4 in gastrointestinal cancers

BACKGROUND The diagnostic and economic value of carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9)and CA72-4 for gastrointestinal malignant tumors lacked evaluation in a larger scale.AIM To reassess the diagnostic and economic value of the three tumor biomarkers.METHODS A retrospective analysis of all 32857 subjects who underwent CEA,CA19-9,CA72-4,gastroscopy and colonoscopy from October 2006 to May 2018 was conducted.Then,we assessed the discrimination and clinical usefulness.Total cost,cost per capita and cost-effectiveness ratios were used to evaluate the economic value of two schemes(gastrointestinal endoscopy for all people without blood tests vs both gastroscopy and colonoscopy when blood tests were positive).RESULTS The analysis of 32857 subjects showed that CEA was a qualified biomarker for colorectal cancer(CRC),while the diagnostic efficiencies of CA72-4 were catastrophic for all gastrointestinal cancers(GICs).Regarding early diagnosis,only CEA could be used for early CRC.The combination of biomarkers didn’t greatly increase the area under the curve.The economic indicators of CEA were superior to those of CA19-9,CA72-4 and any combination.At the threshold of 1.8μg/L to 10.4μg/L,all four indicators of CEA were lower than those in the scheme that conducted gastrointestinal endoscopy only.Subgroup analysis implied that the health checkup of CEA for people above 65 years old was economically valuable.CONCLUSION CEA had qualified diagnostic value for CRC and superior economic value for GICs,especially for elderly health checkup subjects.CA72-4 was not suitable as a diagnostic biomarker.

Genome-Wide Dissection of Quan 9311A Breeding Process and Application Advantages

Germplasm resource innovation is a crucial factor for cultivar development,particularly within the context of hybrid rice breeding based on the three-line system.Quan 9311A,a cytoplasmic male sterile(CMS)line,has been successfully cultivated using rice restoration materials and extensively employed as a female parent in hybrid breeding program in China.This line was developed by crossing the CMS line Zhong 9A with a two-line restorer line 93-11,with the intention of eliminating the restoring ability of 93-11 while retaining the sterility gene WA352c from Zhong 9A.Quan 9311A effectively amalgamates the most favorable agronomic traits from both parental lines.In this study,the relationship between phenotypic characteristics and the known functional genes of Quan 9311A were analyzed using the rice genome navigation technology based on whole-genome sequencing.The findings revealed that Quan 9311A harbors multiple superior alleles from both 93-11 and Zhong 9A,providing exceptional agronomic traits that are unavailable in earlier CMS lines.Despite the removal of the fertility restorer gene Rf3 from 93-11,numerous chromosomal segments from 93-11 persist in the Quan 9311A genome.Furthermore,the hybrid rice Quanyousimiao(QYSM)and the restorer line Wushansimiao(WSSM)were used as examples to illustrate the important role of Quan 9311A as the female parent in heterosis.It was found that QYSM carries a great number of superior alleles,which accounts for its high grain yield and wide adaptability.These insights not only advanced the utilization of hybrid rice pairing groups but also provided guidance for future breeding endeavors.The study introduced innovative concepts to further integrate genomics with traditional breeding techniques.Ultimately,Quan 9311A signified a significant milestone in rice breeding technology,opening up novel avenues for hybrid rice development.

MORN motifs in plant PIPKs are involved in the regulation of subcellular localization and phospholipid binding

膜职业和识别连结(黎明) 的多重重复主题在植物 phosphatidylinositl 被检测单音的磷酸盐 kinase (PIPK ) ,在发信号 PI 的关键酶小径。结构的分析显示那所有 MORN 主题(与在 7-9 的范围的改变的数字),它动物一分享了高相同到那些,在N终点被定位并且顺序安排了,除了那些 OsPIPK1 和 AtPIPK7 ,在哪个最后黎明主题是由约 100 氨基酸的“岛”分开了其它区域,在植物 PIPK 揭示二种黎明安排的存在。通过采用基于酵母的 SMET (顺序指向膜) 系统, MORN 主题被显示出能指向熔化蛋白质到房间血浆膜,它是进一步的由熔化 MORN-GFP 蛋白质的表示证实了。经由删除研究的进一步详细的分析在 OsPIPK1 显示了 MORN 主题,和 104 氨基酸的“岛”区域涉及微分潜水艇的规定细胞的本地化,即血浆膜或原子核,熔化蛋白质。recombinant 黎明多肽的胖西方的污点分析,在 Escherichia 关口 i 表示了,显示出主题能强烈稍微绑在 PA 并且相对到 PI4P 和 PI (4,5 ) 的那黎明 P2。这些结果在机制上提供增进知识的提示代替底层绑定的细胞的本地化,以及规定,植物 PIPK。

Global characterization of OsPIP aquaporins reveals that the H_(2)O_(2)transporter OsPIP2;6 increases resistance to rice blast

Plasma membrane intrinsic proteins(PIPs)are conserved plant aquaporins that transport small molecules across the plasma membrane to trigger instant stress responses and maintain cellular homeostasis under biotic and abiotic stress.To elucidate their roles in plant immunity to pathogen attack,we characterized the expression patterns,subcellular localizations,and H_(2)O_(2)-transport ability of 11 OsPIPs in rice(Oryza sativa),and identified OsPIP2;6 as necessary for rice disease resistance.OsPIP2;6 resides on the plasma membrane and facilitates cytoplasmic import of the immune signaling molecule H_(2)O_(2).Knockout of OsPIP2;6 increases rice susceptibility to Magnaporthe oryzae,indicating a positive function in plant immunity.OsPIP2;6 interacts with OsPIP2;2,which has been reported to increase rice resistance to pathogens via H_(2)O_(2)transport.Our findings suggest that OsPIP2;6 cooperates with OsPIP2;2 as a defense signal transporter complex during plant–pathogen interaction.

Plant fertility defects induced by the enhanced expression of microRNA167

植物荷尔蒙植物生长素在调整植物生长和开发起一个关键作用。最近的进展在植物生长素反应小径的理解被做了，首先由在 Arabidopsis 的植物生长素反应异种的描述。另外， microRNAs (miRNAs ) 被显示了是为正常植物开发和生理学重要的基因的批评管理者。然而，很少对在 miRNAs 并且在正常开发期间的神经质的发信号之间的可能的相互作用被知道。这里，我们显示出那 Arabidopsis microRNA， miR167，有一个互补序列到 AUXIN 反应 FACTOR6 (ARF6 ) 和 ARF8 mRNAs 的部分，能为 ARF8，然而并非为 ARF6 引起抄本降级。我们报导 35S::MIR167b 的 phenotypic 描述转基因的线，和表演转基因的线有的那严重 35S::MIR167b arf6 arf8 的类似于那些的显型加倍异种。转基因的显型建议 miR167 可以镇压在翻译的水平的 ARF6。我们证明转基因的植物在花的机关的所有四锭盘是有缺点的。在转基因的花，细丝是反常地短的，花药不能适当地释放花粉，并且花粉谷物没发芽。我们的结果提供在表明网络支持的基因表示和植物生长素的调停 miRNA 的规章的小径之间的一个重要连接种繁殖开发。

Gene expression and metabolite profiles of cotton fiber during cell elongation and secondary cell wall synthesis

棉花纤维在延伸的开始以后很快伸长，最后导致大量纤维素的存款。为了在快延伸和第二等的细胞壁合成揭示棉花纤维房间的特征，上演，我们比较了 respectivetranscriptomes 和代谢物侧面。由 cDNA 数组的 transcriptomes 的比较分析识别了是在纤维开发期间调整的差别的 633 基因。用变量把纤维样品划分了成四的表示基因的 Principalcomponent 分析(PCA ) 组织，它发育阶段是诊断的。如果，类似的组织结果也被发现我们是的 usenon 极或极的代谢物为开发纤维的 PCA 的变量。植物生长素发信号，松开墙并且脂类代谢在纤维延伸期间是高度活跃的，而纤维素生合成是占优势的，许多另外的新陈代谢的小径是在第二等的细胞壁合成调整的 down，上演。抄本和代谢物侧面和酶活动在向纤维素合成表明棉花纤维开发的一个专门化过程是一致的。这些数据证明在某个阶段的那个棉花纤维房间有它棉花纤维房间的自己的唯一的特征，和发育阶段能被他们的抄本和代谢物侧面区分。在第二等的细胞壁合成阶段期间，新陈代谢的小径被流进纤维素合成。

Functional conservation of the meiotic genes SDS and RCK in male meiosis in the monocot rice

Arabidopsis SDS (独唱舞蹈演员) 和 RCK (ROCK-N-ROLLERS ) 基因为男成熟分裂是重要的，但是他们是否在植物代表保存功能，仍然是未知的。我们执行了 SDS 和 RCK 和他们的各自的相当或相同的事物的种系发生的分析，并且在白杨和米饭识别了他们的通常认为的 orthologs。量的即时 RT-PCR 分析显示米饭 SDS 和 RCK 在年轻的花优先地被表示，并且转基因的 RNAi 米饭与展出的这些基因的减少的表示排队正常植物的开发，而是有部分无菌的花和有缺点的花粉的显示出的显著地减少的富饶。SDS 缺乏也在花粉数量引起了减少。男 meiocytes 的进一步的 cytological 检查表明 SDS 缺乏在 meiotic 前期在相当或相同的事物相互作用和二原子价的形成导致了缺点我，和 RCK 缺乏导致了有缺点的 meiotic 转线路形成。这些结果显示米饭 SDS 和 RCK 基因有类似的功能到他们的 Arabidopsis orthologs。因为分别地，米饭和 Arabidopsis 是 monocots 和 eudicots 的成员， flowering 植物的二个最大的组，我们的结果建议 SDS 和 RCK 的功能多半在 flowering 植物被保存。

Transcriptional,post-transcriptional and post-translational regulations of gene expression during leaf polarity formation

叶形态发生从射击顶端分生组织(SAM ) 在原基开始以后要求近轴离开轴心的极性的建立。抄写因素的几个家庭被知道在支持近轴或离开轴心的叶命运起关键作用。最近， post-transcriptional 基因 silencing 小径被显示了调整叶极性的建立，提供进叶开发的新奇、令人激动的卓见。例如， microRNAs (miR165/166 ) 和交易的 siRNA (导出 TAS3 的 tasiR-ARF ) 被显示了镇压几关键抄写因素基因的表示。另外，规定的另一水平， translational 以后规定，最近被研究在叶极性在 26Sproteasome 的角色上揭示了。尽管我们关于位于近轴离开轴心的极性的建立下面的分子的机制的理解极大地改善了，仍然有大部分，留下逃犯。这评论试图讨论最近的进步，以及留下的问题，关于位于叶极性形成下面的分子的机制。

Complete genome sequence of the rifamycin SV-producing Amycolatopsis mediterranei U32 revealed its genetic characteristics in phylogeny and metabolism

Amycolatopsis mediterranei 被用于 rifamycin 的工业规模生产，它在 antimycobacterial 治疗起一个重要作用。作为类 Amycolatopsis 的首先定序的染色体， 236 715 底配对的包括 10 的紧张 U32 的染色体，最大的原核生物的染色体之一到目前为止曾经被定序。不同于在 streptomycetes 发现的线性拓扑学，这个染色体是圆形的，特别地类似于 Saccharopolyspora erythraea 和奴卡氏菌属 farcinica，在发展史和分类代表他们的靠近的关系。尽管在 A 预言了 9 228 编码蛋白质的基因。mediterranei 染色体 S 与那些分享了 orthologs 的最大的数字。erythraea，它被 Streptomyces coelicolor 而非 N 出人意料地跟随。farcinica，显示不同新陈代谢的特征经由改编演变到多样的生态的壁龛。除类似于那的一个核心区域以外在 streptomycetes 普通，有典型核心特征的一个新奇“伪核心”在非核心区域以内被定义，在 21 从 26 基因为第二等的代谢物生产聚类的总数被定位的地方。位于核心的 rifamycin 生合成基因簇为 rifamycin SV 的变换编码细胞色素 P450 酶必需品到 B，由比作 rifamycin 生产 B 紧张 S699 的高度相应的簇揭示了并且进一步由基因互补证实了。A 的 genomic 信息。mediterranei 表明在看起来复杂的规章的机制的控制下面不仅为各种各样的碳来源和无机的氮混合物的广泛的利用而且为新陈代谢的中介的有效 funneling 安排进第二等的抗菌素合成进程的一个新陈代谢的网络。

Gibberellin homeostasis and plant height control by EUI and a role for gibberellin in root gravity responses in rice

米饭 Eui (伸长最高节间) 基因编码撤销的细胞色素 P450 monooxygenase 简历活跃赤霉素(气体) 。在这研究，我们在植物开发调查了 Eui 基因和它的角色的控制表示。我们发现 Eui 是外长的气体导致的差别并且 Eui 倡导者在维管束举办了最高的活动。eui 异种在在根冠的淀粉小粒开发是有缺点的，在表达式上的 Eui 提高了淀粉小粒产生和严肃回答，揭示为在根淀粉小粒开发和严肃回答的 GA 的一个角色。使用胚胎更少一半种子的实验揭示了那 RAmy1A， GAmyb 是高度起来当外长的 GA 不在时在 eui 糊粉房间调整了。另外， GA 生合成基因 GA3ox1 和 GA20ox2 是调整的 down， GA2ox1 起来在 eui 调整了幼苗。这些结果显示 EUI 涉及 GA 动态平衡，不是在仅仅内部在出发阶段的节点，而且在苗期，根和种子。扰乱 GA 动态平衡影响了表明基因 GID1 (赤霉素感觉迟钝的矮子 1 ) 的 GA 的表示， GID2 和 SLR1。有效地增加的 Eui 基因的转基因的 RNA 干扰种高度和改进标题性能。由对比，在米饭 GA 生合成基因 GA3ox2 和 GA20ox2 的倡导者下面的 Eui 的宫外的表示显著地减少了植物高度。这些结果证明 Eui 表示的细微增加能戏剧性地改变米饭形态学，显示在米饭的 Eui 基因的实际申请为一个高产潜力的分子的繁殖。

Water relations and an expression analysis of plasma membrane intrinsic proteins in sensitive and tolerant rice during chilling and recovery

寒心的损害的症状是在射击的水赤字的开发，源于水运输和蒸发的不平衡。在这个工作，二个米饭变化(Oryza sativa L。var。Wasetoitsu 和 Somewake ) 幼苗是在 7 度 C 的 chilled，在 28 度 C 由恢复列在后面。基于生长显型和电解质漏测试， Somewake 被显示是一个寒心容忍的变化，和 Wasetoitsu 寒心敏感的。寒心的压力显著地减少了叶子，积聚的蒸发和渗透的根的相对的水内容(RWC ) 在两个变化的水力的电导率(Lp ) 。但是当回到了 28 度 C 时， Somewake 的水关系平衡更好恢复了。所有 11 血浆膜的 mRNA 表示侧面内在的蛋白质(果仁) ， aquaporins 的亚群，被有 TaqMan 次要的林子文件夹(MGB ) 的 -PCR 探查的即时反向的抄写(RT ) 随后决定源于米饭 var。Nipponbare 在寒心的处理和恢复期间。大多数 PIP 基因在低温度是下面调整的，并且在温暖的温度恢复了。在 Somewake 和 Wasetoitsu 的一些果仁的相对表示在平行减少了在期间寒心。然而在恢复期间， OsPIP1 的相对表示； 1， OsPIP2； 1， OsPIP2； 7 在射击和 OsPIP1； 1， OsPIP2； 1 比 Wasetoitsu 在 Somewake 在根是显著地更高的。这在在寒心的条件以后重建水平衡支持果仁的角色。我们讨论 aquaporin 果仁亚科的成员在植物起的多样化的作用寒心的忍耐取决于 aquaporin isoforms，植物织物和寒心的持续时间的阶段。

The role of water channel proteins and nitric oxide signaling in rice seed germination

以前的研究在种子萌芽表明了几 aquaporins 的可能的角色。但是在这个过程的 aquaporin 家庭成员的角色的系统的调查正在缺乏。这里，质膜的发展规定在整个萌芽的内在的蛋白质(果仁) 表示和在米饭胚胎的萌芽以后的进程被分析。果仁的 Theexpression 模式建议这些 aquaporins 戏在种子萌芽和幼苗生长的不同角色。水隧道基因的部分 silencing， OsPIP1； 1 并且 OsPIP1； 3，当时，减少了种子萌芽 OsPIP1 的在表示上；在 water-stressconditions 下面的 3 支持的种子萌芽。而且，空间表示分析显示那 OsPIP1； 3 在种子萌芽期间在胚胎主要被表示。我们的数据也表明氮的氧化物(没有) 施主， sodiumnitroprusside (SNP ) 和 S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO ) ，支持的种子萌芽；而且， NOscavenger， 2-(4-carboxyphenyl )-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide, 禁止了萌芽并且在米饭上减少了 SNP 和 GSNO 的刺激效果萌芽。外长不刺激了 OsPIP1 的抄写； 1， OsPIP1； 2， OsPIP1； 3 并且 OsPIP2； 8 在发芽种子。这些结果建议水隧道在种子萌芽起一个重要作用，行动，至少部分，响应不发信号的小径。

Molecular regulation and genetic control of rice thermal response

Global warming threatens food security.Rice(Oryza sativa L.),a vital food crop,is vulnerable to heat stress,especially at the reproductive stage.Here we summarize putative mechanisms of high-temperature perception(via RNA secondary structure,the phyB gene,and phase separation)and response(membrane fluidity,heat shock factors,heat shock proteins,and ROS(reactive oxygen species)scavenging)in plants.We describe how rice responds to heat stress at different cell-component levels(membrane,endoplasmic reticulum,chloroplasts,and mitochondria)and functional levels(denatured protein elimination,ROS scavenging,stabilization of DNA and RNA,translation,and metabolic flux changes).We list temperature-sensitive genetic male sterility loci available for use in rice hybrid breeding and explain the regulatory mechanisms associated with some of them.Breeding thermotolerant rice species without yield penalties via natural alleles mining and transgenic editing should be the focus of future work.

Genetic dissection of rice appearance quality and cooked rice elongation by genome-wide association study

Appearance and cooked rice elongation are key quality traits of rice. Although some QTL for these traits have been identified, understanding of the genetic relationship between them remains limited. In the present study, large phenotypic variation was observed in 760 accessions from the 3 K Rice Genomes Project for both appearance quality and cooked rice elongation. Most component traits of appearance quality and cooked rice elongation showed significant pairwise correlations, but a low correlation was found between appearance quality and cooked rice elongation. A genome-wide association study identified 74 QTL distributed on all 12 chromosomes for grain length, grain width, length to width ratio, degree of endosperm with chalkiness, rice elongation difference, and elongation index. Thirteen regions containing QTL stably expressed in multiple environments and/or exerting pleiotropic effects on multiple traits were detected. By gene-based association analysis and haplotype analysis, 46 candidate genes, including five cloned genes, and 49 favorable alleles were identified for these 13 QTL. The effect of the candidate gene Wx on rice elongation difference was validated by a transgenic strategy. These results shed light on the genetic bases of appearance quality and cooked rice elongation and provide gene resources for improving rice quality by molecular breeding.

Identification of QTLs for Cooking and Eating Quality of Rice Grain

The BIL （backcross inbred line） population derived from the cross between Koshihikari （good eating and cooking quality, japonica） and Kasalath （poor quality, indica） was used to analyze the QTLs for amylose content （AC）, gelatinization temperature （GT）, gel consistency （GC） and protein content （PC）. Eight main-effect QTLs including 2 for AC, 3 for GT, 2 for GC and 1 for PC were identified, Moreover, 27 epistatic QTL pairs including 7 for AC, 5 for GT, 4 for GC and 11 for PC were also detected while for AC and GT, one main-effect QTL with a major gene was detected, respectively. Therefore, the main-effect QTL might be more responsible for the current variation than the epistetic QTL. The result indicated that the main-effect QTL is the primary genetic basis for those traits. However, for PC, the epistatic QTL explained a much greater portion of the total variation than main-effect QTL, suggesting that epistatic loci are the primary genetic basis for such trait. In the experiment, chromosome segment substitution lines （CSSLs） were used to confirm reliabilities of the main effect QTLs detected in BIL population. Of the 8 main-effect QTLs for 4 traits in BIL analysis, 6 were confirmed end 2 remained unconfirmed by CSSLs analysis.

Wrinkled petals and stamens 1,is required for the morphogenesis of petals and stamens in Lotus japonicus

尽管许多进步在理解花的机关身份怎么在花的发展期间是坚定的被取得了，更少花的机关怎么在晚花的发展阶段被详细描述被知道。这里，我们描述新奇花的异种，起皱的花瓣和 stamens1 (wps1 ) ，它在花瓣和雄蕊的发展显示出缺点。基因分析显示那 wps1 异种相应于在染色体 3 的长手臂的一个单个后退的地点。在 wps1 异种的花的机关的早发展在野类型类似于那，并且异种的 malfunction 在晚发展的阶段开始，显示花瓣和雄蕊的外观上的一个缺点。在成熟的花，在异种的花瓣和雄蕊细丝被起皱或合拢，并且在花瓣和雄蕊细丝的 L1 层下面的细胞的形态学是反常的。花的机关身份基因的表达式模式没与野类型的相比在 wps1 异种被影响，这被发现，与所有花的机关的未改变的开发一致。而且，在花瓣的不同类型的表皮的房间的身份被维持。组织学的分析证明在 wps1 花，所有花瓣不规则地被合拢，并且在花瓣有系的结构，当内部房间的形状和安排畸形、未组织起来时。把结果基于这些，我们建议 Wps1 下游地行动到班 B 花的机关身份基因，并且工作在迟了的花期间调制细胞的区别发展阶段。

Role of juvenile hormone receptor Methoprene-tolerant 1 in silkworm larval brain development and domestication

The insect brain is the central part of the neurosecretory system,which controls morphology,physiology,and behavior during the insect’s lifecycle.Lepidoptera are holometabolous insects,and their brains develop during the larval period and metamorphosis into the adult form.As the only fully domesticated insect,the Lepidoptera silkworm Bombyx mori experienced changes in larval brain morphology and certain behaviors during the domestication process.Hormonal regulation in insects is a key factor in multiple processes.However,how juvenile hormone(JH)signals regulate brain development in Lepidoptera species,especially in the larval stage,remains elusive.We recently identified the JH receptor Methoprene tolerant 1(Met1)as a putative domestication gene.How artificial selection on Met1 impacts brain and behavioral domestication is another important issue addressing Darwin’s theory on domestication.Here,CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of Bombyx Met1 caused developmental retardation in the brain,unlike precocious pupation of the cuticle.At the whole transcriptomelevel,theecdysteroid(20-hydroxyecdysone,20 E)signaling and downstream pathways were overactivated in the mutant cuticle but not in the brain.Pathways related to cell proliferation and specialization processes,such as extracellular matrix(ECM)-receptor interaction and tyrosine metabolism pathways,were suppressed in the brain.Molecular evolutionary analysis and in vitro assay identified an amino acid replacement located in a novel motif under positive selection in B.mori,which decreased transcriptional binding activity.The B.mori MET1 protein showed a changed structure and dynamic features,as well as a weakened co-expression gene network,compared with B.mandarina.Based on comparative transcriptomic analyses,we proposed a pathway downstream of JH signaling(i.e.,tyrosine metabolism pathway)that likely contributed to silkworm larval brain development and domestication and highlighted the importance of the biogenic amine system in larval evolution during silkworm domestication.

Understanding the genetic basis of rice heterosis: Advances and prospects

Heterosis,which describes the superior vigor and yield of F_1 hybrids with respect to their parents,is observed in many rice hybrid crosses.The exploitation of heterosis is a great leap in the history of rice breeding.With advances in genomics and genetics,high-resolution mapping and functional identification of heterosis-associated loci have been performed in rice.Here we summarize advances in understanding the genetic basis of grain yield heterosis in hybrid rice and provide a vision for the genetic study and breeding application of rice heterosis in the future.