More than 170 years after the Opium War,China is returning to a more central role in international relations.The major global emergencies in 2014 indicate an historical course alteration is happening now,and China'...More than 170 years after the Opium War,China is returning to a more central role in international relations.The major global emergencies in 2014 indicate an historical course alteration is happening now,and China's strategic choices will determine much of the final destination of the change.The interim period poses challenges to China's national security and greater uncertainty in international systems.China's rise,coupled with internal problems brought about by social transition and relatively insufficient strategic means,will make it more difficult for China to secure its interests.Provided China succeeds in this period of insecurity,the overall environment for the country will incrementally improve.Provided several factors are properly balanced,a period of relative'stability'will ensue as the negative effects brought about by China's rise disappear.展开更多
This paper provides a theoretical model to explain the causality between China's energy transition and capital deepening found by the empirical study.We prove that in the equilibrium,China's energy transition ...This paper provides a theoretical model to explain the causality between China's energy transition and capital deepening found by the empirical study.We prove that in the equilibrium,China's energy transition is endogenously determined by capital deepening due to the homogeneity of electricity and the monopolistic competition features of China's electricity market.Price effect,which is the effect of change in relative factor price,will affect energy transition only if the policy intervenes electricity price in terms of the primary sources from which it is generated.We propose that investment can promote energy transition by stimulating capital deepening which is biased to clean energy development.In this regard,our paper provides a new way of thinking for other developing countries to design an effective energy transition policy.展开更多
The founding of People’s republic of china marked the start of a completely new historical development stage for human rights in the county.The founding of the People’s republic of china has had a profound impact on...The founding of People’s republic of china marked the start of a completely new historical development stage for human rights in the county.The founding of the People’s republic of china has had a profound impact on the development of human rights in contemporary china.The People’s republic of china defined the socialist nature of the development of human rights in contemporary china,shaped the new concept of equality in chinese society,determined the direction of human rights development that attaches importance to the protection of economic and social rights,and established the idea of advancing human rights development from the overall perspective.展开更多
As a current popular method,intelligent detection of cracks is of great significance to road safety,so deep learning has gradually attracted attention in the field of crack image detection.The nonlinear structure,low ...As a current popular method,intelligent detection of cracks is of great significance to road safety,so deep learning has gradually attracted attention in the field of crack image detection.The nonlinear structure,low contrast and discontinuity of cracks bring great challenges to existing crack detection methods based on deep learning.Therefore,an end-to-end deep convolutional neural network(AttentionCrack)is proposed for automatic crack detection to overcome the inaccuracy of boundary location between crack and non-crack pixels.The AttentionCrack network is built on U-Net based encoder-decoder architecture,and an attention mechanism is incorporated into the multi-scale convolutional feature to enhance the recognition of crack region.Additionally,a dilated convolution module is introduced in the encoder-decoder architecture to reduce the loss of crack detail due to the pooling operation in the encoder network.Furthermore,since up-sampling will lead to the loss of crack boundary information in the decoder network,a depthwise separable residual module is proposed to capture the boundary information of pavement crack.The AttentionCrack net on public pavement crack image datasets named CrackSegNet and Crack500 is trained and tested,the results demonstrate that the AttentionCrack achieves F1 score over 0.70 on the CrackSegNet and 0.71 on the Crack500 in average and outperforms the current state-of-the-art methods.展开更多
China-U.S.military relationship,one of the most important and complicated bilateral military relationships,is subjected to more restraining factors than any other military relationships in the current world.It has alw...China-U.S.military relationship,one of the most important and complicated bilateral military relationships,is subjected to more restraining factors than any other military relationships in the current world.It has always been regarded as展开更多
The security situation in western China has been attracting the concern of neighboring countries.Transnational ethnic groups,Kazakhs and Mongolians,are located in western Mongolia and western China.Although Mongolia h...The security situation in western China has been attracting the concern of neighboring countries.Transnational ethnic groups,Kazakhs and Mongolians,are located in western Mongolia and western China.Although Mongolia has not yet witnessed any acts of terrorism and even though the Mongolian-China border is peaceful,the two countries need to be alert to terrorist attacks,given the growing cross-border trade,direct exchanges between local governments,and communications between border residents.The two countries should therefore take note of the changes in the security situation when they cooperate with each other.展开更多
The Origin of 'Thucydides Trap' On the Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta of the 5th century BC,the ancient Greek historian Thucydides summarized the origin of the war into a famous sentence,'What...The Origin of 'Thucydides Trap' On the Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta of the 5th century BC,the ancient Greek historian Thucydides summarized the origin of the war into a famous sentence,'What made war inevitable was the growth of Athenian power and the fear which this caused in Sparta'.Referred to repeatedly throughout later generations,this judgment has展开更多
This study analyzes the experience Pakistan can learn from China’s great success in its poverty alleviation projects over the last four decades.During this period China has pulled millions of people out of poverty wi...This study analyzes the experience Pakistan can learn from China’s great success in its poverty alleviation projects over the last four decades.During this period China has pulled millions of people out of poverty with its continuous macroeconomic and political stability along with rural development programs and its opening-up strategy.Recently,China has been serving as an economic role model for many developing countries like Pakistan.The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor initiated under the Belt and Road Initiative has cemented the bilateral relationship between China and Pakistan,thus providing an opportunity for Pakistan to learn from China’s success in socioeconomic transformation.Based on this,Pakistan needs to redirect its policies to the agriculture sector through reforms in landholding and redistribution.It also needs to enhance public investments focusing on improving rural infrastructure,education,and access to basic health services.展开更多
The world military situation in 2016was complex,military strategies of major countries undergoing profound readjustment,contest in emerging fields increasing and a new round of populism cropping up worldwide which res...The world military situation in 2016was complex,military strategies of major countries undergoing profound readjustment,contest in emerging fields increasing and a new round of populism cropping up worldwide which resulted in'Black swan events'happening one after another,major-country contest and geopolitical conflicts piling up and local展开更多
Artificial intelligence (AI) based technology, machine learning, and cognitive systems have played a very active role in society’s economic and technological transformation. For industrial value chains and internatio...Artificial intelligence (AI) based technology, machine learning, and cognitive systems have played a very active role in society’s economic and technological transformation. For industrial value chains and international businesses, it means that a structural change is necessary since these machines can learn and apply new information in making forecasts, processing, and interacting with people. Artificial intelligence (AI) is a science that uses powerful enough techniques, strategies, and mathematical modelling to tackle complex actual problems. Because of its inevitable progress further into the future, there have been considerable safety and ethical concerns. Creating an environment that is AI friendly for the people and vice versa might be a solution for humans and machines to discover a common set of values. In this context, the goal of this study is to investigate the emerging trends of AI (the benefits that it brings to the society), the moral challenges that come from ethical algorithms, learned or pre-set ideals, as well as address the ethical issues and malpractices of AI and AI security. This paper will address the consequences of AI in relation to investors and financial services. The article will examine the challenges and possible alternatives for resolving the potential unethical issues in finance and will propose the necessity of new AI governance mechanisms to protect the efficiency of the capital markets as well as the role of financial authority in the regulation and monitoring of the huge expansion of AI in finance.展开更多
China proposed the idea of‘BRICS Plus’in 2017.However,this hint exasperated India owing to its diverse political and strategic preferences.Conspicuously,the reason for India’s disapproval relates to a probable role...China proposed the idea of‘BRICS Plus’in 2017.However,this hint exasperated India owing to its diverse political and strategic preferences.Conspicuously,the reason for India’s disapproval relates to a probable role for Pakistan through the BRICS plus.Particularly,in the backdrop is China’s progress on regional integration through the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)and the significance extended to the China Pakistan Economic Corridor(CPEC).In fact,inimical impulses for Pakistan were also felt when India attempted to label Pakistan as a country‘promoting state-sponsored terrorism’through a BRICS summit held in Goa in 2016;the move was later vetoed both by China and Russia.Meanwhile,India’s bilateral relations with China also lacked synergy,which sometimes impact their interaction within the BRICS framework.If viewed through the Neo-Functionalism framework and its concept of‘spill-over,’BRICS plus can reinforce incentives of cooperation in various sectors within a larger group of countries.Interest groups will begin to flourish at a regional level and domestically these groups will lobby their governments to further integrate.This will be overall critical for BRICS in order to steadily engage the world order as a multilateral forum.The question is,will India let go of bilateralism and accept the role of regional countries,particularly Pakistan?This article intends to explore the very concept of the transregional organisation of BRICS and the impact of the nature of relations between India and China.It also illustrates how states in the region,specifically Pakistan,have an intrinsic potential to complement the transregional agenda of BRICS and BRICS plus,particularly through its strategic geographic location and CPEC.For the persistent rise of BRICS,members will have to let go of bilateralism and allow the countries on the periphery to play their role.展开更多
Since Trump in power for about one year and half, the United States has released several documents including the National Security Strategy report, the National Defense Strategy report, Nuclear Posture Review, etc. wh...Since Trump in power for about one year and half, the United States has released several documents including the National Security Strategy report, the National Defense Strategy report, Nuclear Posture Review, etc. which have made new judgments on the U.S. security threats, and new adjustments on its diplomatic strategy. Regarding relations with China.展开更多
BRICS is indeed viewed as one of the manifestations of‘Rise of the Rest’as against the West.In this milieu,China remains the main vehicle of this change in global transformations.Concurrently,GCC was seen broadly as...BRICS is indeed viewed as one of the manifestations of‘Rise of the Rest’as against the West.In this milieu,China remains the main vehicle of this change in global transformations.Concurrently,GCC was seen broadly as a consortium of the era when the West required venturing with the oil producing countries.Nonetheless,there is potential for improvising connectivity between the GCC and the BRICS in the backdrop of complementarities and dealing with differences.This is true because,on one hand,BRICS is rapidly gaining a central control in international development and cooperation.While on the other hand,GCC countries remain the focal point of the world in terms of energy supplies.Their amalgam can further strengthen the place these blocs enjoy in the globe at large.Furthermore,with the‘Dawn of the Asian Century’,China is flexing its muscles as an economic giant quite aptly.Since the formulation of its policy of‘opening up’to the world,China has pursued a global agenda of connectivity and growth.Consequently,this rapid development is in consonance with unrestricted energy supply.This is where the GCC countries,especially Saudi Arabia as a major oil exporting country to China,play an important part.In fact,the very rise of BRICS coincides with a radical change in its relations with other countries,specifically with the GCC.For instance,China has succeeded in displacing traditional economic powers,such as Japan,the EU and the US,from the list of the GCC’s largest trading partners over the past five years.China has also been successful in completing joint strategic agreements,demonstrated most recently by the Chinese-Kuwaiti joint investment of$9 billion(Dh33.05 billion)in petrochemicals and oil products.In this regard,this article aims at answering questions like,can this makeup be interpreted as a more strengthened China-GCC relations?What are the complementarities of both China and the GCC in the realm of political,social,economic and security affairs?And are there any conflicting interests?展开更多
The world order shaped since the end of Second World War is rapidly collapsing.With the rise of China as an economic giant,and several other states asserting their economic and military power,a multipolar world is eme...The world order shaped since the end of Second World War is rapidly collapsing.With the rise of China as an economic giant,and several other states asserting their economic and military power,a multipolar world is emerging.And with that a quest for a new balance of power,particularly in the Asia-Pacific region.Sino-U.S.展开更多
Ladies&gentlemen,First of all, I would like to express my gratitude to the Chinese People’s Association for Peace and Disarmament (CPAPD) for organising 'Wanshou Dialogue on Global Security' and providing...Ladies&gentlemen,First of all, I would like to express my gratitude to the Chinese People’s Association for Peace and Disarmament (CPAPD) for organising 'Wanshou Dialogue on Global Security' and providing me an opportunity to be a part of it.Ladies&gentlemen.展开更多
文摘More than 170 years after the Opium War,China is returning to a more central role in international relations.The major global emergencies in 2014 indicate an historical course alteration is happening now,and China's strategic choices will determine much of the final destination of the change.The interim period poses challenges to China's national security and greater uncertainty in international systems.China's rise,coupled with internal problems brought about by social transition and relatively insufficient strategic means,will make it more difficult for China to secure its interests.Provided China succeeds in this period of insecurity,the overall environment for the country will incrementally improve.Provided several factors are properly balanced,a period of relative'stability'will ensue as the negative effects brought about by China's rise disappear.
文摘This paper provides a theoretical model to explain the causality between China's energy transition and capital deepening found by the empirical study.We prove that in the equilibrium,China's energy transition is endogenously determined by capital deepening due to the homogeneity of electricity and the monopolistic competition features of China's electricity market.Price effect,which is the effect of change in relative factor price,will affect energy transition only if the policy intervenes electricity price in terms of the primary sources from which it is generated.We propose that investment can promote energy transition by stimulating capital deepening which is biased to clean energy development.In this regard,our paper provides a new way of thinking for other developing countries to design an effective energy transition policy.
文摘The founding of People’s republic of china marked the start of a completely new historical development stage for human rights in the county.The founding of the People’s republic of china has had a profound impact on the development of human rights in contemporary china.The People’s republic of china defined the socialist nature of the development of human rights in contemporary china,shaped the new concept of equality in chinese society,determined the direction of human rights development that attaches importance to the protection of economic and social rights,and established the idea of advancing human rights development from the overall perspective.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.62001004the Key Provincial Natural Science Research Projects of Colleges and Universities in Anhui Province under Grant No.KJ2019A0768+2 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Anhui Province under Grant No.202104A07020017the Research Project Reserve of Anhui Jianzhu University under Grant No.2020XMK04the Natural Science Foundation of the Anhui Higher Education Institutions of China,No.KJ2019A0789.
文摘As a current popular method,intelligent detection of cracks is of great significance to road safety,so deep learning has gradually attracted attention in the field of crack image detection.The nonlinear structure,low contrast and discontinuity of cracks bring great challenges to existing crack detection methods based on deep learning.Therefore,an end-to-end deep convolutional neural network(AttentionCrack)is proposed for automatic crack detection to overcome the inaccuracy of boundary location between crack and non-crack pixels.The AttentionCrack network is built on U-Net based encoder-decoder architecture,and an attention mechanism is incorporated into the multi-scale convolutional feature to enhance the recognition of crack region.Additionally,a dilated convolution module is introduced in the encoder-decoder architecture to reduce the loss of crack detail due to the pooling operation in the encoder network.Furthermore,since up-sampling will lead to the loss of crack boundary information in the decoder network,a depthwise separable residual module is proposed to capture the boundary information of pavement crack.The AttentionCrack net on public pavement crack image datasets named CrackSegNet and Crack500 is trained and tested,the results demonstrate that the AttentionCrack achieves F1 score over 0.70 on the CrackSegNet and 0.71 on the Crack500 in average and outperforms the current state-of-the-art methods.
文摘China-U.S.military relationship,one of the most important and complicated bilateral military relationships,is subjected to more restraining factors than any other military relationships in the current world.It has always been regarded as
文摘The security situation in western China has been attracting the concern of neighboring countries.Transnational ethnic groups,Kazakhs and Mongolians,are located in western Mongolia and western China.Although Mongolia has not yet witnessed any acts of terrorism and even though the Mongolian-China border is peaceful,the two countries need to be alert to terrorist attacks,given the growing cross-border trade,direct exchanges between local governments,and communications between border residents.The two countries should therefore take note of the changes in the security situation when they cooperate with each other.
文摘The Origin of 'Thucydides Trap' On the Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta of the 5th century BC,the ancient Greek historian Thucydides summarized the origin of the war into a famous sentence,'What made war inevitable was the growth of Athenian power and the fear which this caused in Sparta'.Referred to repeatedly throughout later generations,this judgment has
文摘This study analyzes the experience Pakistan can learn from China’s great success in its poverty alleviation projects over the last four decades.During this period China has pulled millions of people out of poverty with its continuous macroeconomic and political stability along with rural development programs and its opening-up strategy.Recently,China has been serving as an economic role model for many developing countries like Pakistan.The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor initiated under the Belt and Road Initiative has cemented the bilateral relationship between China and Pakistan,thus providing an opportunity for Pakistan to learn from China’s success in socioeconomic transformation.Based on this,Pakistan needs to redirect its policies to the agriculture sector through reforms in landholding and redistribution.It also needs to enhance public investments focusing on improving rural infrastructure,education,and access to basic health services.
文摘The world military situation in 2016was complex,military strategies of major countries undergoing profound readjustment,contest in emerging fields increasing and a new round of populism cropping up worldwide which resulted in'Black swan events'happening one after another,major-country contest and geopolitical conflicts piling up and local
文摘Artificial intelligence (AI) based technology, machine learning, and cognitive systems have played a very active role in society’s economic and technological transformation. For industrial value chains and international businesses, it means that a structural change is necessary since these machines can learn and apply new information in making forecasts, processing, and interacting with people. Artificial intelligence (AI) is a science that uses powerful enough techniques, strategies, and mathematical modelling to tackle complex actual problems. Because of its inevitable progress further into the future, there have been considerable safety and ethical concerns. Creating an environment that is AI friendly for the people and vice versa might be a solution for humans and machines to discover a common set of values. In this context, the goal of this study is to investigate the emerging trends of AI (the benefits that it brings to the society), the moral challenges that come from ethical algorithms, learned or pre-set ideals, as well as address the ethical issues and malpractices of AI and AI security. This paper will address the consequences of AI in relation to investors and financial services. The article will examine the challenges and possible alternatives for resolving the potential unethical issues in finance and will propose the necessity of new AI governance mechanisms to protect the efficiency of the capital markets as well as the role of financial authority in the regulation and monitoring of the huge expansion of AI in finance.
基金This study is supported by the China Social Science Foundation （15BGL007）, and the authors herewith express their appreciation for its support. The authors thank the valuable comments and suggestions from the annonimous reviewers, and acknowledge the editorial assistance in revising this paper.
文摘China proposed the idea of‘BRICS Plus’in 2017.However,this hint exasperated India owing to its diverse political and strategic preferences.Conspicuously,the reason for India’s disapproval relates to a probable role for Pakistan through the BRICS plus.Particularly,in the backdrop is China’s progress on regional integration through the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)and the significance extended to the China Pakistan Economic Corridor(CPEC).In fact,inimical impulses for Pakistan were also felt when India attempted to label Pakistan as a country‘promoting state-sponsored terrorism’through a BRICS summit held in Goa in 2016;the move was later vetoed both by China and Russia.Meanwhile,India’s bilateral relations with China also lacked synergy,which sometimes impact their interaction within the BRICS framework.If viewed through the Neo-Functionalism framework and its concept of‘spill-over,’BRICS plus can reinforce incentives of cooperation in various sectors within a larger group of countries.Interest groups will begin to flourish at a regional level and domestically these groups will lobby their governments to further integrate.This will be overall critical for BRICS in order to steadily engage the world order as a multilateral forum.The question is,will India let go of bilateralism and accept the role of regional countries,particularly Pakistan?This article intends to explore the very concept of the transregional organisation of BRICS and the impact of the nature of relations between India and China.It also illustrates how states in the region,specifically Pakistan,have an intrinsic potential to complement the transregional agenda of BRICS and BRICS plus,particularly through its strategic geographic location and CPEC.For the persistent rise of BRICS,members will have to let go of bilateralism and allow the countries on the periphery to play their role.
文摘Since Trump in power for about one year and half, the United States has released several documents including the National Security Strategy report, the National Defense Strategy report, Nuclear Posture Review, etc. which have made new judgments on the U.S. security threats, and new adjustments on its diplomatic strategy. Regarding relations with China.
文摘BRICS is indeed viewed as one of the manifestations of‘Rise of the Rest’as against the West.In this milieu,China remains the main vehicle of this change in global transformations.Concurrently,GCC was seen broadly as a consortium of the era when the West required venturing with the oil producing countries.Nonetheless,there is potential for improvising connectivity between the GCC and the BRICS in the backdrop of complementarities and dealing with differences.This is true because,on one hand,BRICS is rapidly gaining a central control in international development and cooperation.While on the other hand,GCC countries remain the focal point of the world in terms of energy supplies.Their amalgam can further strengthen the place these blocs enjoy in the globe at large.Furthermore,with the‘Dawn of the Asian Century’,China is flexing its muscles as an economic giant quite aptly.Since the formulation of its policy of‘opening up’to the world,China has pursued a global agenda of connectivity and growth.Consequently,this rapid development is in consonance with unrestricted energy supply.This is where the GCC countries,especially Saudi Arabia as a major oil exporting country to China,play an important part.In fact,the very rise of BRICS coincides with a radical change in its relations with other countries,specifically with the GCC.For instance,China has succeeded in displacing traditional economic powers,such as Japan,the EU and the US,from the list of the GCC’s largest trading partners over the past five years.China has also been successful in completing joint strategic agreements,demonstrated most recently by the Chinese-Kuwaiti joint investment of$9 billion(Dh33.05 billion)in petrochemicals and oil products.In this regard,this article aims at answering questions like,can this makeup be interpreted as a more strengthened China-GCC relations?What are the complementarities of both China and the GCC in the realm of political,social,economic and security affairs?And are there any conflicting interests?
文摘The world order shaped since the end of Second World War is rapidly collapsing.With the rise of China as an economic giant,and several other states asserting their economic and military power,a multipolar world is emerging.And with that a quest for a new balance of power,particularly in the Asia-Pacific region.Sino-U.S.
文摘Ladies&gentlemen,First of all, I would like to express my gratitude to the Chinese People’s Association for Peace and Disarmament (CPAPD) for organising 'Wanshou Dialogue on Global Security' and providing me an opportunity to be a part of it.Ladies&gentlemen.
