Modeling CO_(2)Emission in Residential Sector of Three Countries in Southeast of Asia by Applying Intelligent Techniques

Residential sector is one of the energy-consuming districts of countries that causes CO_(2)emission in large extent.In this regard,this sector must be considered in energy policy making related to the reduction of emission of CO_(2)and other greenhouse gases.In the present work,CO_(2)emission related to the residential sector of three countries,including Indonesia,Thailand,and Vietnam in Southeast Asia,are discussed and modeled by employing Group Method of Data Handling(GMDH)and Multilayer Perceptron(MLP)neural networks as powerful intelligent methods.Prior to modeling,data related to the energy consumption of these countries are represented,discussed,and analyzed.Subsequently,to propose a model,electricity,natural gas,coal,and oil products consumptions are applied as inputs,and CO_(2)emission is considered as the model’s output.The obtained R^(2) values for the generated models based on MLP and GMDH are 0.9987 and 0.9985,respectively.Furthermore,values of the Average Absolute Relative Deviation(AARD)of the regressions using the mentioned techniques are around 4.56%and 5.53%,respectively.These values reveal significant exactness of the models proposed in this article;however,making use of MLP with the optimal architecture would lead to higher accuracy.

A review on co-pyrolysis of agriculture biomass and disposable medical face mask waste for green fuel production:recent advances and thermo-kinetic models

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations is blessed with agricultural resources,and with the growing population,it will continue to prosper,which follows the abundance of agricultural biomass.Lignocellulosic biomass attracted researchers’interest in extracting bio-oil from these wastes.However,the resulting bio-oil has low heating values and undesirable physical properties.Hence,co-pyrolysis with plastic or polymer wastes is adopted to improve the yield and quality of the bio-oil.Furthermore,with the spread of the novel coronavirus,the surge of single-use plastic waste such as disposable medical face mask,can potentially set back the previous plastic waste reduction measures.Therefore,studies of existing technologies and techniques are referred in exploring the potential of disposable medical face mask waste as a candidate for co-pyrolysis with biomass.Process parameters,utilisation of catalysts and technologies are key factors in improving and optimising the process to achieve commercial standard of liquid fuel.Catalytic copyrolysis involves a series of complex mechanisms,which cannot be explained using simple iso-conversional models.Hence,advanced conversional models are introduced,followed by the evolutionary models and predictive models,which can solve the non-linear catalytic copyrolysis reaction kinetics.The outlook and challenges for the topic are discussed in detail.