Review of the Low-Lying Excited Baryons ∑^(*)(1/2^(-))

Strong empirical and phenomenological indications exist for large sea-quark admixtures in the low-lying excited baryons.Investigating the low-lying excited baryon ∑^(*)(1/2^(-))is important for determining the nature of the low-lying excited baryons.We review the experimental and theoretical progress on the studies of the ∑^(*)(1/2^(-)).

Gravitational Contributions to Running of Gauge Couplings

Gravitational contributions to the running of gauge couplings are calculated by using different regularizationschemes.As the β function concerns counter-terms of dimension four, only quadratic divergences from the gravitationalcontributions need to be investigated.A consistent result is obtained by using a symmetry-preserving loop regularizationwith string-mode regulators which can appropriately treat the quadratic divergences and preserve non-abelian gaugesymmetry.The harmonic gauge condition for gravity is used in both diagrammatical and background field calculations,the resulting gravitational corrections to the β function are found to be nonzero, which is different from previous resultspresented in the existing literatures.

Thermodynamics of the Apparent Horizon in FRW Universe with Massive Gravity

Applying Clausius relation with energy-supply defined by the unified first law of thermodynamics formalism to the apparent horizon of a massive gravity model in cosmology proposed lately, the corrected entropic formula of the apparent horizon is obtaJned with the help of the modified Friedmann equations. This entropy-area relation, together with the identified Misner-Sharp internal energy, verifies the first law of thermodynamics for the apparent horizon with a volume change term for consistency. On the other hand, by means of the corrected entropy-area formula and the Clausius relation δQ = T dS, where the heat flow δQ is the energy-supply of pure matter projecting on the vector ξ tangent to the apparent horizon and should be looked on as the amount of energy crossing the apparent horizon during the time interval dt and the temperature of the apparent horizon for energy crossing during the same interval is 1/（2πτA）, the modified Friedmann equations governing the dynamical evolution of the universe are reproduced with the known energy density and pressure of massive graviton. The integration constant is found to correspond to a cosmological term which could be absorbed into the energy density of matter. Having established the correspondence of massive cosmology with the unified first law of thermodynamics on the apparent horizon, the validity of the generalized second law of thermodynamics is also discussed by assuming the thermal equilibrium between the apparent horizon and the matter field bounded by the apparent horizon. It is found that, in the limit Hc → 0, which recovers the Minkowski reference metric solution in the fiat case, the generalized second law of thermodynamics holds if α3 ＋ 4α4 〈 0. Without this condition, even for the simplest model of dRGT massive cosmology with α3= α4 = 0, the generalized second law of thermodynamics could be violated.

Microscopic study of higher-order deformation effects on the ground states of superheavy nuclei around^(270)Hs

We investigate the effects of higher-order deformations β_(λ)(λ=4,6,8,and 10)on the ground state prop-erties of superheavy nuclei(SHN)near the doubly magic deformed nucleus ^(270)Hs using the multidimensionally-con-strained relativistic mean-field(MDC-RMF)model with five effective interactions:PC-PK1,PK1,NL3^(+),DD-ME2,and PKDD.The doubly magic properties of ^(270)Hs include large energy gaps at N=162 and Z=108 in the single-particle spectra.By investigating the binding energies and single-particle levels of ^(270)Hs in the multidimensional de-formation space,we find that,among these higher-order deformations,the deformationβ6 has the greatest impact onthe binding energy and influences the shell gaps considerably.Similar conclusions hold for other SHN near ^(270)Hs.Our calculations demonstrate that the deformation β_(6) must be considered when studying SHN using MDC-RMF.

Calculation of the Mass of X（3872） by the Mandelstam Generalization of the Gell-Mann-Low Method

On the basis of assuming that the narrow state X（3872） is a molecule state consisting of D0 and D＊0, we apply the Mandelstam generalization of the Ge11-Mann-Low method to calculate the matrix element of quark current between the heavy meson states described by Bether-Salpeter wave function. In calculation of the matrix element of quark current the operator product expansion is used in order to include the nonperturbative contribution of the vacuum condensates. In this scheme we calculate the mass of X（3872）. We believe that this scheme is closer to QCD than the previous work.

A Light-Cone QCD Inspired Effective Hamiltonian Model for Pseudoscalar and Scalar Mesons

Considering the one-gluon exchange interaction and phenomenological quark confinement potential, an improved light-cone effective Hamiltonian for mesons and the corresponding radial mass eigen equations in angular momentum representation is obtained. Solving the J = 0 eigen equations numerically and using a set of adjustable parameters, the obtained solutions for ground states and radial excited states can simultaneously describe both pseudoscalar and scalar flavour-off-diagonal mesons. Some radial excited states are also predicted and wait for experimental test. More results for the vector and axial vector mesons are expected.

Entanglement entropy of an annulus in holographic thermalization

The thermalization process of the holographic entanglement entropy(HEE)of an annular domain is investigated in the Vaidya-AdS geometry.We determine numerically the Hubeny-Rangamani-Takayanagi(HRT)surface,which may be a hemi-torus or two disks,depending on the ratio of the inner radius to the outer radius of the annulus.More importantly,for some fixed ratio of the two radii,the annulus undergoes a phase transition,or a double phase transition,during thermalization from a hemi-torus to a two-disk configuration,or vice versa.The occurrence of various phase transitions is determined by the ratio of the two radii of the annulus.The rate of entanglement growth is also investigated during the thermal quench.The local maximal rate of entanglement growth occurs in the region with a double phase transition.Finally,if the quench process is sufficiently slow,which may be controlled by the thickness of the null shell,the region with a double phase transition vanishes.

High-Order Harmonic Generation in the Ionization Process

Based on the nonperturbative quantum electrodynamics scattering theory for multiphoton ionization developed recently,high-order harmonic generated in the ionization process is discussed.The influence of the Coulomb potential is treated as a perturbation in the expansion of the transition matrix.It is deduced that the harmonic photons are emitted in the resonant process during ionization and the width of the harmonic peaks is just the ionization rate of the atom.

Chiral Magnetic Effect and Chiral Phase Transition

We study the influence of the chiral phase transition on the chiral magnetic effect. The azimuthal charge-particle correlations as functions of the temperature are calculated. It is found that there is a pronounced cusp in the correlations as the temperature reaches its critical value for the QCD phase transition. It is predicted that there will be a drastic suppression of the charge-particle correlations as the collision energy in RHIC decreases to below a critical value. We show then the azimuthal charge-particle correlations can be the signal to identify the occurrence of the QCD phase transitions in RHIC energy scan experiments.

Near integrability of kink lattice with higher order interactions

We make use of Manton’s analytical method to investigate the force between kinks and anti-kinks at large distances in 1＋1 dimensional field theory.The related potential has infinite order corrections of exponential pattern,and the coefficients for each order are determined.These coefficients can also be obtained by solving the equation of the fluctuations around the vacuum.At the lowest order,the kink lattice represents the Toda lattice.With higher order correction terms,the kink lattice can represent one kind of generic Toda lattice.With only two sites,the kink lattice is classically integrable.If the number of sites of the lattice is larger than two,the kink lattice is not integrable but is a near integrable system.We make use of Flaschka’s variables to study the Lax pair of the kink lattice.These Flaschka’s variables have interesting algebraic relations and non-integrability can be manifested.We also discuss the higher Hamiltonians for the deformed open Toda lattice,which has a similar result to the ordinary deformed Toda.

Band Interaction between Chiral Doublet Bands

Band interaction between the chiral doublet bands based on πh11/2？νh？111/2 configuration is investigated in the particle rotor model with different triaxial deformation γ. The variation of chiral partner states with γ values is understood qualitatively based on the basic picture of two interaction levels, which is confirmed further by the calculated overlap integral of wave functions at different γ values. It is found that the interaction strengths of chiral partner states are obviously different for odd spins and even ones.

Multifunctional silver film with superhydrophobic and antibacterial properties

Material properties are strongly dependent on material structure. The large diversity and complexity of material structures provide significant opportunities to improve the properties of the materials, expanding their applications. Here, we discuss the fabrication of a multifunctional silver film prepared by controlling the nucleation and growth of silver particles. Silver films with high hydrophobicity and antibacterial activity were fabricated by adopting an electrochemical approach. The dependence of the hydrophobic and antibacterial properties on the size and shape of the silver particles was first investigated. Small-sized silver particles exhibited a high antibacterial rate, while a porous silver film composed of dendritic particles showed a significant hydrophobic activity. By regulating the reaction time, current density, and silver salt concentration, a silver film with a contact angle of 150.9° and an antibacterial rate of 54.7% was synthesized. This study demonstrates that finding a compromise between different material structures is a suitable wav to fabricate multifunctional devices.

Quadratic Yukawa coupling and matrix Yukawa coupling in the large N expansion

In this article,we study three types of new Yukawa couplings(the boson field is coupled to the fermion field).Two of them are quadratic Yukawa couplings(the boson field is in the form of a vector),and the other one is the matrix Yukawa coupling(the boson field is in the form of a matrix).Based on the above three couplings,we introduce the Higgs mechanism,and find out the properties of the generated mass for the fermions with multiple flavors.For the matrix boson,we introduce its coupling with non-Abelian gauge field.It turns out that the generated mass of the gauge field through the Higgs mechanism is unique.In the large N limit,using the method of auxiliary field,we study the dynamical behaviors of the quadratic Yukawa couplings,including the poles of some dressed propagators.

Predicted Modulated Differential Rates for Direct WIMP Searches at Low Energy Transfers

The differential event rate for direct detection of dark matter,both the time averaged and the modulated one due to the motion of the Earth,are discussed.The calculations focus on relatively light cold dark matter candidates (WIMP) and low energy transfers.It is shown that for sufficiently light WIMPs the extraction of relatively large nucleon cross sections is possible.Furthermore for some WIMP masses the modulation amplitude may change sign,meaning that,in such a case,the maximum rate may occur six months later than naively expected.This effect can be exploited to yield information about the mass of the dark matter candidate,if and when the observation of the modulation of the event rate is established.

Production Cross-Section Estimates for Strongly-Interacting Electroweak-Symmetry Breaking Sector Resonances at Particle Colliders

We are exploring a generic strongly-interacting Electroweak Symmetry Breaking Sector(EWSBS) with the low-energy effective field theory for the four experimentally known particles(W_L~±,Z_l,h) and its dispersion-relation based unitary extension.In this contribution we provide simple estimates for the production cross-section of pairs of the EWSBS bosons and their resonances at proton-proton colliders as well as in a future e^-e^+(or potentially aμ^-μ^+) collider with a typical few-TeV energy.We examine the simplest production mechanisms,tree-level production through a W(dominant when quantum numbers allow) and the simple effective boson approximation(in which the electroweak bosons are considered as collinear partons of the colliding fermions).We exemplify with custodial isovector and isotensor resonances at 2 TeV,the energy currently being discussed because of a slight excess in the ATLAS 2-jet data.We find it hard,though not unthinkable,to ascribe this excess to one of these W_lW_l rescattering resonances.An isovector resonance could be produced at a rate smaller than,but close to earlier CMS exclusion bounds,depending on the parameters of the effective theory.The ZZ excess is then problematic and requires additional physics(such as an additional scalar resonance).The isotensor one(that would describe all charge combinations) has smaller cross-section.

One Hair Postulate for Hawking Radiation as Tunneling Process

For Hawking radiation, treated as a tunneling process, the no-hair theorem of black hole together with the law of energy conservation is utilized to postulate that the tunneling rate only depends on the external qualities(e.g., the mass for the Schwarzschild black hole) and the energy of the radiated particle. This postulate is justified by the WKB approximation for calculating the tunneling probability. Based on this postulate, a general formula for the tunneling probability is derived without referring to the concrete form of black hole metric. This formula implies an intrinsic correlation between the successive processes of the black hole radiation of two or more particles. It also suggests a kind of entropy conservation and thus resolves the puzzle of black hole information loss in some sense.

Note on Higgs Decay into Two Photons H → γγ

The Higgs decay H →γγ due to the virtual W-loop effect is revisited in the unitary gauge by using the symmetry-preserving and divergent-behavior-preserving loop regularization method, which is realized in the fourdimensional space-time without changing original theory. Though the one-loop amplitude of H →γγ is finite as the Higgs boson in the standard model has no direct interaction with the massless photons at tree level, it involves both tensor-type and scalar-type divergent integrals which can in general destroy the gauge invariance without imposing a proper regularization scheme to make them well-defined. As the loop regularization scheme can ensure the consistency conditions between the regularized tensor-type and scalar-type divergent irreducible loop integrals to preserve gauge invariance, we explicitly show the absence of decoupling in the limit Mw /MH → 0 and obtain a result agreeing exactly with the earlier one in the literature. We then clarify the discrepancy of the earlier result from the recent one obtained by R. Castmans, S.L. Wu and T.T. Wu. The advantage of calculation in the unitary gauge becomes manifest in that the non-decoupling arises from the longitudinal contribution of the W gauge boson.

Thermal protoneutron stars with hyperons

The properties of thermal protoneutron star matter including hyperons are investigated in the framework of the relativistic mean field theory (RMFT). In protoneuron star matter, with the increase of the temperature, the critical densities of hyperons decrease, the sequence for appearances of hyperons change, the abundances of hyperons as well as neutrinos increase, and the strong interactions between baryons get weaker. Meanwhile, the abundances of isospin multiple states for nucleons, Σ, and ■ become identical, leading to isospin saturated symmetric matter, respectively. Moreover, if a protoneutron star is born with higher temperature, it is less likely to convert to a black hole.

Hidden-charm Pentaquark Production at e^(+)e^(-) Colliders

We study one possible production mechanism for the hidden-charm pentaquark via a color-octet cc pair fragmentation in e^(+)e^(-)collision.The pentaquark production at B factory energy is dominated by e^(+)e^(-)→ccg→P_(c)+X,while at Z^(0)pole energy,there are several partonic processes playing significant role.Our results show that it is possible to search for the direct pentaquark production signal at e^(+)e^(-)colliders,which is important to understand the properties of pentaquark.

Top quark decay to a 125 Ge V Higgs in the BLMSSM

In this paper, we calculate the rare top quark decay t → ch in a supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model where baryon and lepton numbers are local gauge symmetries. Adopting reasonable assumptions on the parameter space, we find that the branching ratios of t→ch can reach 10-3, which could be detected in the near future.