Optimization of construction scheme and supporting technology for HJS soft rock tunnel

For a soft rock tunnel under high stress in jointed and swell soft rock(HJS), two construction schemes pilot-tunneling enlarging excavation and step-by-step excavation were optimized using FLAC2 D, and the deformation effects of the two construction schemes were verified by field tests. Based on engineering geological investigation and mechanical analysis of large deformations, the complex deformation mechanisms of stress expansion and structural deformation of the soft rock tunnel were confirmed,and support countermeasures from the complex deformation mechanism converted to a single type were proposed, and the support parameters were optimized by field tests. These technologies were proved by engineering practice, which produced significant technical and economic benefits.

Numerical Simulation on Hydraulic Performances of Quarter Circular Breakwater

Quarter circular breakwater （QCB） is a new-type breakwater developed from senti-circular breakwater （SCB）. The superstructure of QCB is composed of a quarter circular front wall, a horizontal base slab and a vertical rear wall. The width of QCB＇ s base slab is about half that of SCB, which makes QCB suitable to be used on relatively finn soil foundation. The numerical wave flume based on the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations for impressible viscosity fluid is adopted in this paper to simulate the hydraulic performances of QCB. Since the geometry of both breakwaters is similar and SCB has been studied in depth, the hydraulic performances of QCB are given in comparison with those of SCB.

Glass-ceramics made from arc-melting slag of waste incineration fly ash

Grate fly ash and fluidized bed fly ash mixed with glass cullet additive respectively were melted in the electronic arc-furnace. The product, arc-melting slag, was further treated by crushing, pressing and heat treatment in order to make the glass-ceramics. The crystallization behaviors of the produced glass-ceramics were examined by differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results show that main crystalline phase of the glass-ceramics from grate fly ash is wollastonite (CaSiO3) with small amount of diopside (Ca(Mg,Al)(Si,Al)2O6), and that from fluidized bed fly ash is diopside (Ca(Mg,Al)(Si,Al)2O6). It is found that the glass-ceramics sintered at 850 °C and 1 000 °C from grate fly ash and fluidized bed fly ash respectively have the optimal physical, mechanical and chemical characteristics. Glass-ceramics samples, produced from incinerator fly ash with desirable properties and the low leaching concentration of heavy metals, can be the substitute of nature materials such as marble, granite and porcelain tiles.

Experimental Researches on Reflective and Transmitting Performances of Quarter Circular Breakwater Under Regular and Irregular Waves

A series of regular and irregular wave experiments are conducted to study the reflective and transmitting performances of quarter circular breakwater （QCB） in comparison with those of semi-circular breakwater （SCB）. Based on regular wave tests, the reflection and transmission characteristics of QCB are analyzed and a few influencing factors are investigated. Then, the wave energy dissipation as wave passing over the breakwater is discussed based on the hydraulic coefficients of QCB and SCB. In irregular wave experiments, the reflection coefficients of QCB and their spectrums are studied. Finally, the comparisons between the experimental results and numerical simulations for QCB under regular and irregular wave conditions are presented.

Human-induced landslide on a high cut slope: a case of repeated failures due to multi-excavation

The paper attempts to represent a case of repeated failures on a high cut slope due to multi-excavation. The characteristics of each failure induced by excavation are analyzed through geological investigation, and then a geological model at different failure stages is proposed. The geological analysis shows that the excavation-induced repeated failures are related to the exposure of the weak bedding plane and the toe unloading of the cut slope, Numerical modeling is conducted based on a sequential method, taking into account the main failure stages of cut slope. The simulation results fairly coincide with the practical phenomena observed in field. It is shown that the decrease in normal stress of displaced mass on cut slope will induce the increase in shear stress in bedding planes and that at the toe of the cut slope. The released stress leads to repeated gravitational instabilities of cut slope due to the decrease in normal stress and the increase in shear stress along the bedding planes of mudstone.

Effect of Water Washing Pre-treatment on the Properties of Glass-ceramics from Incinerator Fly Ash Using Electronic Arc Furnace

Production of glass-ceramics by sintering the molten slag obtained from electric arc furnace treatment of fly ash was investigated. The effect of washing pretreatment prior to melting the fly ash on the microstructure and properties of the glass-ceramics was examined. The results show that washing pretreatment of fly ash can decrease alkali metal chloride and increase network former in fly ash, which results in the increase of peak crystallization temperature of parent glass and strengthening of properties of bending strength and chemical stability of the glass-ceramics. The optimal heat treatment temperature for parent glass of washed fly ash is 1 173 K, at which the crystalline phase of glass-ceramics is composed of gelignite （Ca2A12SiO7） and akermanite （Ca2MgSi207）. Glass-ceramics produced at optimal heat treatment temperature are excellent in term of the physical and chemical properties and leaching characteristics, indicating attractive potential as substitute of nature materials.

Research on Partial Coefficients for Design of Quarter-circular Caisson Breakwater

季度通报沉箱防波提(QCB ) 是防波提的一种新类型，并且它能被使用在深海。在波浪力量行动下面的 QCB 的稳定性能被提高，并且碎石墩工程能是不到半圆形的防波提在的深海。为了学习波浪，强迫对 QCB 起作用的分发，到为这类防波提发现波浪力量公式，第一在这糊，水平力量的分发特征，防波提上的力量基于物理模型被得到的向下垂直的力量和uplift 挥动斜槽实验并且在波浪的分析上迫使试验性的数据。基于测试由不规则的波浪扮演了的一系列物理模型，一种计算方法，被 Goda 公式修改，被建议在 QCB 上执行波浪力量。第二，有相关变量的可靠性方法被采用分析 QCB，就在波浪力量或时刻之间的高关联而言。在设计领域，可靠性索引和 QCB 的失败概率利用观察波浪数据被获得。最后，因素 Q=0.9 被给在 QCB 的 SWL 上面修改零压力高度，并且挥动力量部分系数 1.34 到 QCB 为的设计表情滑动反，以及 1.67 为打翻反，被介绍。

Informational uncertainties of risk assessment about accidents of chemicals

An analysis system of informational uncertainties for accidental risk assessment of chemicals is introduced. Statistical test methods and fuzzy sets method can do the quantitative analysis of the input parameters. The uncerainties of the model can be used by quantitative compared method for the leakage accidents of chemicals. The estimation of the leaking time is important for discussing accidental source term. The uncertain analyses of the release accident for pipeline gas (CO) liquid chlorine and liquid propane gas (LPG) have been discussed.

Existence of Solutions to Multi-point BVP with p-Laplacian at Resonance

This paper is concerned with the existence of solutions for the following multipoint boundary value problem at resonance{(Φp (x'))' + f(t,x)=0,0 < t < 1,x' (0)=x'(ξ) x(1)=m-3 ∑i=1 βi x(η i),where βi∈ R,m-3 ∑i=1 β i=1,0 < η 1 < η 2 < ··· < ηm-3 < 1,m-3 ∑i=1 βiηi=1,0 < ξ < 1.An existence theorem is obtained by using the extension of Mawhin's continuation theorem.Since almost all the multi-point boundary value problem at resonance in previous papers are for the linear operator without p-Laplacian by the use of Mawhin's continuation theorem,our method is new.

Mechanism of Visible Photoactivity of F-Doped TiO2

我们计算电子结构和做 F 的锐钛矿 TiO2 的光性质。结果显示做 F 的 TiO2 的乐队差距与纯 TiO2 相比稍微增加。然而，在 600 和 700 nm 之间定位的做 F 的 TiO2 的可见吸收被观察，有趣，并且它与增加的 F 集中逐渐地提高。而且，根据状态的密度和电介质的想象的部分的结果工作[?] 2 (o) ，我们建议在 Ti 3d 之间的转变和 Ti 3d 状态可能为可见吸收，然而并非变窄的乐队差距负责。[从作者抽象]

Cake models applied to evaluate the fouling mechanism in separation of anionic polyacrylamide using modified PVDF ultrafiltration membranes

In the present study,nano-sized TiO2 /Al2O3 modified PVDF membranes (MM) were fabricated and utilized for anionic polyacrylamide ( APAM) separation. The results showed that,compared with PVDF membrane (OM) ,the contact angle of MM decreases from 83. 64° to 67. 42°,which indicates the increase of the hydrophilicity of MM. The relative flux (RF) decline curve of this ultrafiltration of APAM in water with time shows an obvious two stage properties. The cake filtration models were used to predict the performance of different time over the complete range of filtration times. All the four cake models could simulate this UF process to a certain extent,and the suitability of the two kinds of membranes was: cake filtration > intermediate pore blocking > standard pore blocking > complete pore blocking models. However,they became more and more unsuited to this process with time extending. Surface and cross-sectional morphology of membrane was investigated by SEM to make an advanced certificate of this UF mechanism.

Changes of local agricultural landscape patterns induced by land consolidation in hilly and mountainous Southwestern China

Land consolidation (LC), as a type of human disturbance, improves land production efficiency and changes landscape distribution through land parcel reallocation. The objective of this study was to comparatively analyze the changes of landscape patches before and after a land consolidation project (LCP) and the effects of land levelling, irrigation and drainage work and road engineering on the landscape structure. FRAGSTAT3.3 and buffer zone analysis were used to investigate those changes. The results suggest that the heterogeneity of landscape depressed, and tended to simplification after LC. Dry land was the most highly variable land use pattern, and the change of forestland was least due to its locations at a gradient larger than 25°. LC resulted in a more rational use of land, and could be an important step in promoting rural development in depressed and fragmented agricultural areas through unused land exploitation, small-patch combination, irrigation and water conservancy, and road construction. Land levelling leveled off the gradient field surface and decreased the slope. The fragmentized patches were much more incorporated with increasing slope. On the other hand, the ridge of a field became longer so that the length of field surface and area of patch were increased. Land levelling regulated, simplified and combined patches, so that the complexity degree was reduced. It is found that the buffer distance of 35 m was a turning point of human disturbance by irrigation and drainage systems, and patches presented flaky distribution when the buffer distance was smaller than 35 m. Meanwhile, the distance range between 25 m to 50 m was an impressible area for road engineering, which was sensitive to human actions, and the changes of all landscape metrics were larger than those in other buffer zones. In general, LC not only reallocated fragmented parcels, but also improved agricultural conditions.

Development Paths of Low-carbon Landscape Design

Through interpreting significance of low-carbon landscape, and analyzing common problems in landscape design industry, paths of low-carbon landscape design were explored from the following perspectives: establishing low-carbon index system for the landscape construction of eco-city; constructing scientific and reasonable spatial layout; using landscapes to interpret low-carbon concepts; enhancing the carbon sink function of urban green spaces; choosing reasonable landscape materials; reducing landscape maintenance cost. The study aims at applying low-carbon concepts in all design projects to achieve sustainable development of urban landscapes.

A GENERALLY APPLICABLE METHOD OF STATISTIC ANALYSIS FOR STUDYING AND CLASSIFYING NERVE TYPES OF CHILDREN,JUVENILES AND YOUTHS

In this paper, a method of statistic analysis is suggested for studying and classifying nerve types of children, juveniles and youths. First, a set of effective calculating formulae is established so as to describe nerve types quantitatively. Thus, our analysis of nerve types is based on the experimental data. Since these data can not be considered as normally distributed, even the sampling is sized greatly. This has caused certain difficulties in the data analysis. The Box-Cox Transformation is proposed for the sampling data in this paper. As a result, direr tronsformation all the sets of experimental data can successfully pass Kolmogorov's no rmallsation test. And then, the suitable representative points in normal distribution are sleeted as classifying standards. Once the dividing points for classification are set up, the problem of classifying nerve types is solved successfully.

Effects of Potential and Temperature on the Electrodeposited Porous Zinc Oxide Films

Porous ZnO films were prepared by electrodeposition method in zinc nitrate aqueous solution using ITO glass covered with polystyrene sphere （PS） colloidal crystal arrays as substrates. The preparation procedure includes two parts： deposition of ZnO in the interstices of the colloidal crystals and subsequent removal of the PS templates. The influences of deposition potential and temperature on the ZnO films were investigated. The ordered, uniform porous ZnO films with optical transmittance of approximately 63.6% at 600 nm could be obtained when the deposition potential and temperature were –1.1 V and 70 ℃, respectively. The optical band gap energy increased along with the absolute deposition potential and temperature, ranging from 3.33 to 3.43 eV and from 3.35 to 3.42 eV, respectively.

Iterative Method on Well Bore Boundary in Numerical Modeling of Variably Saturated Flow

An iterative method was developed for incorporating the well bore boundary into the finite difference model of water flow in variably saturated porous media. Six cases were presented involving groundwater pumping or injection to demonstrate the advantages of the iterative method over the traditional method. For the iterative method, the total flux gradually approached the well discharge and the flux profile was non-uniform. And the iterative method took into account the variation of well bore water table. Compared to the traditional method, the iterative method can simulate the variably saturated flow caused by pumping or injection more realistically.

OH^- absorption bands of LiNbO_3 with varying composition

This paper reports that OH^- absorption bands of lithium niobate crystal have been measured at room temperature, and the band shape depending on the crystal composition has been observed. The OH^- absorption bands are fitted with three Lorentzian peaks by varying position, halfwidth, and height. Nearly constant peak positions （3468, 3481 and 3490 cm^-1） are obtained for all samples. It shows that the height and area of the decomposed peaks vary with the Li composition in a complex way. However, the combinations of these fitting parameters show a linear dependence on the composition up to nearly 50 mol%, which is very useful for the composition determination in a wide range. The linear relationships between the parameter combinations and Li composition are also presented quantitatively. In addition, the explanations were given for the excellent composition linearity of parameter combinations.

Thermodynamics of martensite transformation hysteresis in Ni-Ti shape memory alloys

A thermodynamic calculation method on the temperature hysteresis of thermoelastic martensite transformation in Ni Ti shape memory alloys was developed. The thermodynamic analysis indicates that the irreversible consumed energy and the elastic energy are the important factors influencing transformation hysteresis. It is revealed that the wide inherent transformation hysteresis can be attributed to the higher irreversible consumed energy of martensite transformation in Ni Ti Nb based alloys than those of Ni Ti binary alloys.

Crystal Structure and Photochromism in Paint and Solutions of 2,2-Dithiophene-naphthopyran

The title compound 2,2-dithiophene-naphthopyran （C21H14OS2, Mr = 346.44） was synthesized and characterized by IR,^1lH NMR, elemental analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. It belongs to the monoclinic system, space group P21/n, with a = 8.2349（14）, b = 6.1964（11）, c = 32.458（5）A, β= 95.051（3）°, V= 1649.8（5）A^3, Z = 4, Dc = 1.395 g/cm^3,μ = 0.327 cm^-1, F（000） = 720, the final R = 0.0559 and wR = 0.1442 for 3370 observed reflections （I 〉 2σ（I））. X-ray analysis revealed that the interatomic distance of C（13）-O（1） is 1.456（3）A, longer than that of normal C-O bond （1.41 - 1.43 A） in a six-membered heterocycle. The UV-vis spectra of the title compound showed that it exhibits excellent photochromic property in polyester coating and solutions.

Photocatalytic Degradation of Diethyl Phthalate with Surfactant Addition

这篇论文学习酸二乙酯的吸附( DEP ，环境荷尔蒙)在 nanoscale TiO_2 ，答案的酸碱值价值的效果， DEP 的起始的集中和相片上的添加剂表面活化剂的表面上 DEP.Under 极端紫照明的催化降级和动力学，在 DEP 和表面活化剂包括 DBS (sodiumdodecylbenzenesulfon吃)之间的相互作用， CTAB ( cetyltrimethylammonium 溴化物)，和 OP-10 ( nonylphenolpolyoxyethylene 醚)从高压力液相色层分析法( HPLC )和紫外力的系列的数据分别地计算的降级速度的观点被利用。DEP 的 Photocatalyticdegradation 跟随了假一级反应动力学。当它的起始的集中是 130 mg/L 时，底层快降级了的 DEP。TiO_2 有 DEP 的某些吸附能力。TiO_2could 在 6 的近似中立的酸碱值吸附大多数 DEP。91。DEP 的降级没被添加剂 OP-10 和 DBS 显然影响。DEP 的降级率没面对表面活化剂极大地被提高，但是 DBS 的降级被加快。DEP 的降级率面对添加剂 CTAB 被压抑。越多 CTAB 被增加，越少 DEP 被降级。CTAB 的降级率随起始的 CTAB 集中的增加变得慢。在 TiO_2， DEP 和表面活化剂之中的可能的吸附模型被给。