DRAMATIC ELEMENTS IN POLYBIUS' GENERAL HISTORY: AN ANALYSIS BASED ON THE MODEL OF THE CONNECTIVITY OF THE ANCIENT MEDITERRANEAN WORLD

In The Histories 2.56, Polybius adopts a harsh and aggressive1 （yet not uncommon in Hellenistic historiography2） critical approach to Phylarchus and h“tragic history.” Polybius asserts that a responsible historian should not attempto draw the attention of his audience by exaggeration, or follow the tradition otragic poets （οι τραγωδιογραφοι）, fabricating plots and speeches. He shoulrecord what has been done and said faithfully, regardless how tedious thesdetails might be.

An Analysis of Conditions for Foreign Direct Investment in Myanmar

Since President U Thein Sein took office in March, 2011, Naypyidaw has put forward bold reforms, including democratization, ethnic reconciliation and economic liberalisation. These measures resulted in a stable society as well as steady and fast economic growth in the country. Meanwhile, the improving investment environment in Myanmar has boosted Foreign Direct Investment （FDI）. To implement its ＂Go Out＂ policy, China is now encouraging domestic enterprises to participate in overseas infrastructure construction, energy industries and industrial cooperation. Therefore, an analysis of the investment conditions in Myanmar will be very helpful in facilitating investment cooperation between China and Myanmar.

Confronting Nuclear Tyranny: Role of Eco-nationalism in Development of Environmental Movement in Ukraine

In the USSR there has never been a “pure” environmental movement. Dictate of Moscow in decision-making led to the location of a disproportionately large number of the nuclear power stations and industrial enterprises on the territory of Ukraine. Chernobyl accident demonstrated the consequences of this approach and became the symbol of inequality of relations between the member nations in the Soviet Union. Therefore, environmentalism and nationalism in many Soviet Republics had convergence albeit to varying degrees. The purpose of this research is to contribute to the further understanding and interpretation of the concept of eco-nationalism, proposed by J. Dawson. The article demonstrates that the basis for its development in Ukrainian USSR was not only the Chernobyl accident, but also the expansion of the nuclear facilities in Ukraine (what can be considered nuclear tyranny) along with the existence of a large number of industrial enterprises that polluted the environment. The article also explores the role of nationalism in the originating the environmental movement in the republic.

The Soviet and American Business： Unique Examples of Economic Collaboration, 1920s- 1930s

Concessions and technical assistance, described in this article, are historical examples of private-public partnership, which appeared in the industrial era. Even in homogeneous economic, political and legal systems, the business and state co-operation does not always reach harmony and consensus. Here, the researchers observe more complicated, contradictory and sometimes tense relations between the Soviet state institutions and the Western, particularly American companies, who participated in economic modernization of post-revolutionary Russia, initiated by its leadership. After termination of the New Economic Policy （NEP） （Dziewanowski, 1989, pp. 129-137, 155）, and taking foreign concessions back to the state by the beginning of 1930s, the Soviet Union was preparing to become, in a few years, a high-rank industrial power. Giant American steel-making mills, automobile and tractor factories, assembling lines, oil-extracting, and oil-cracking installations, etc. attracted Soviet political leaders, ＂red directors＂ and engineers as the best examples to follow up. They were going to accomplish their plans by means of wide technological transfer： ordering and purchasing factory designs, patents and know-how, training Russian workers and technicians both abroad and at the Soviet constructions sites by placing them under supervision of contracted foreign specialists. However, the adoption of machinery and technologies without due organization and chains of supply diminished and distorted expected results.

PAUSANIAS'CULTURAL MEMORY AND THE ROMAN EMPIRE IN HIS DESCRIPTION OF GREECE

I.Introduction:Pausanias'Пερηγσιξ and the Roman Empire as a framework of the Description of Greece The traveler Pausanias is the author of the Description of Greece(Eλλαηγγσιξ),one of the most important examples of ancient Greek περηγσιξ.

WORLd CITIz ENS VS. PEOPLE CHOSEN BY GOd: JOSEPHUS BETWEEN JUd AISM ANd THE ROMAN EMPIRE

Introduction As one Jewish historian who follows classical tradition in his historical composition,Josephus’life was colorful and legendary.1 Born as a Jewish priest2 and later appointed as a senior general during the jewish revolt in 68 AD,josephus surrendered to Rome in Galilee after an unsuccessful resistance and destined defeat,after which he was set free by Vespasian,went to settle down in

EARLY PTOLEMAIC COINS FROM THE COLLECTION OF THE STATE HISTORICAL MUSEUM (MOSCOW)

In 2018,the work of one of the leading experts in numismatics of Hellenistic Egypt Catharine C.Lorber’s Coins of the Ptolemaic Empire was out of print.This work significantly complements and,in some ways,revises the fundamental work of Ioannis N.Svoronos,1 supplementing it with many new details.

Application of the “Accurate Control Groundwater Resources” Theory in Containment of Groundwater Resource Exhaustion Trend

The continued sustainable economic development of china depends in part,to the scientific management of China’s precious groundwater resources in the coming years.Groundwater resource scarcity is a common underlying problem across China,in addition,the large-scale groundwater exploitation for human consumption over recent decades has resulted in a series of environmental geological problems.As a result of these problems,the national economics in china have been seriously affected.In order to prevent groundwater resource exhaustion and environmental geology deterioration,“accurate control of groundwater resources(ACGR)”theory and its support system were established in this article,and the related prevention measures of the ACGR theory,such as accurate irrigation,accurate supply water,and accurate subsidies,were proposed.This paper highlights the ACGR theory as an efficient and essential way to achieve the sustainable groundwater resource management,which can be applied to countries such as China.

The Social Responsibility of Chinese Scholars of World History： Zhongguo Shehui Kexue and the Study of World History in the New Era

Modem Chinese study of world history began in the middle of the nineteenth century and was closely related to the main theme of the times, that of saving the nation from subjugation and ensuring its survival. Its chief feature was that it was attuned to the pulse of the times; in all historical periods, the main current of its research has never deviated from the main theme of the times, showing a strong sense of responsibility to society. Under the new historical conditions of reform and opening up, this sense of social responsibility should be reflected in fundamental adherence to the direction of serving the people and socialism.

Qian Chengdan,A New History of the World:An Outline

(钱乘旦主编:《新世界史纲要》),Beijing:Peking University Press,2023,ISBN:9787301338193.As China steps onto the global stage,the importance of world history as a discipline has increasingly come to the fore.The study of world history in China,having started relatively late and formally established in the mid-20th century,has been significantly influenced by Soviet and Western historiographical theories and research outcomes.

Tang Chongnan's Research of Japanese History

Tang Chongnan(1940-2023)is a prestigious Chinese scholar of Japanese history.He entered the Department of History of Peking University in September 1959 and began to study Japanese history under the guidance of Zhou Yiliang and he graduated in August 1964.After graduation,he began to work at Institute of World History,CASS.

CONFLICT,COMMUNICATION AND CO-EXISTENCE:RELATIONS BETWEEN PTOLEMAIC EGYPT AND SELEUCIDS

In general,the earliest states and civilizations of Western Asia and North Africa respectively first came into existence at the end of the fourth millennium B.C.1 Despite the fact that these two areas developed in different directions during a period of about 3000 years,there was then some type of contact between Ancient

A Summary of the Academic Seminar on the Research and Compilation of African History in the New Era and the Forum of Young Historians

On August 17,2020,the Academic Seminar on the Research and Compilation of African History in the New Era and the Forum of Young Historians hosted by the Chinese Society of African Historical Studies and organized by the African History Research Office of the Institute of World History,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences was held in Beijing.The conference was conducted online and offline simultaneously.Nearly 80 experts and scholars discussed the topics about how to promote the study of China’s African history and the compilation of Africa’s general history.

The Essence of History Lies in the Continuous Dialogue—A Conversation with Peter Monteath

From September to October 2019,I was fortunate to visit Flinders University in Australia.Flinders University is located in Adelaide,the capital of South Australia.It was founded in 1966 and named after the British navigator Matthew Flinders who investigated and surveyed Australia’s southern coastline in 1802.The College of Humanities,Arts and Social Sciences is an important part of the university.

The October Revolution and the historical destiny of scientific socialism:in commemoration of the 90th anniversary of the October Revolution

With the birth of scientific socialism in the mid 19th century the socialist movement became an irresistible historical trend. The victory of the October Revolution turned socialism from an ideal into a reality and brought Marxism to a new stage： the stage of Leninism. The October Revolution changed the direction of world history and the Chinese revolution, a continuation of the October Revolution, became part of the proletarian-socialist world revolution. Any talk about Marxism in isolation from China＇s characteristics is merely Marxism in the abstract, Marxism in a vacuum. We can put Marxism into practice only when it is integrated with the specific characteristics of our country and acquires a definite national form. Deng Xiaoping Theory comes down in one continuous line from Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought and is Marxism in practice with the characteristics of the times and national traits. The magnificent achievements in the development of contemporary Chinese society are the outcome of unwavering adherence to and development of socialism with Chinese characteristics. In the context of economic globalization, we are still living in a transitional time from capitalism to socialism, an era started with the October Revolution. The 21 st century will see the rejuvenation of socialism, for the replacement of capitalism by socialism is an inevitable trend of world history.

Cultural Considerations on the Rise of Great Powers in the Mod-ern Era

An independent and prosperous national culture is a powerful spiritual force and, like material force, also serves as one of the indispensable bases and preconditions for the rise of a nation-state. Under specific historical conditions, the cultural-spiritual force sometimes is more important than material force. Culture gives a concrete expression to the overall national strength of a country. No nation with a backward economy and political disintegration can rise into a powerful state. Likewise, any nation with large numbers of illiterates and a poor and back- ward culture cannot become powerful either.

On the cultural legacy of the Cold War:Sino-US educational exchange(1949−1990)

The Cold War affected the Sino-US educational exchange between 1949 and 1990.During those years,preparation for educational exchanges,personal contact and cross-government relations characterized the three periods of the exchanges.However,even though the relationship had developed very fast,it was by no means smooth sailing.These exchanges served as a political barometer and also acted as a conduit between the two when diplomatic relations were non-existent.It eased the tension when the relationship between the two countries had problems.The 40 years of exchanges were a win-win situation for both sides and one of the valuable cultural legacies that came out of the Cold War era.

Zhang Xingang,Friendship and Community:A Study of Greek Political Thought

It is a most welcoming publication for the study of classical Greek history and philosophy in China at the very beginning of 2020,which costed more than 10 years to take its final shape,and contained 12 learned chapters on a variety of classical writers,including tragedians(Aeschylus and Sophocles),historians(Thucydides and others),and philosophers(Plato and Aristotle).After reading this thick monograph(455 pages and about 400000 words in total)thoroughly with great interest,I believe it is justified to congratulate Dr.Zhang Xingang for his diligence in the last decade and his contribution to the study of ancient Greek tragedy,historiography,as well as philosophy in China.

Du Hua,The Rise of Antislavery Politics in the Antebellum United States

(杜华:《美国内战前反奴隶制政治的兴起》),Beijing:Social Sciences Academic Press,2023,ISBN:9787522815114.What caused the American Civil War?What role did antislavery activists play in this process?These are questions that have been haunting the academia and the public ever since the bombardment of Fort Sumter on April 12,1861.For scholars like Charles A.and Mary R.Beard who bought Senator William H.Seward(R-NY)'s talk of"an irrepressible conflict"and underlined the sectional differences between the North and South,antislavery activists stayed at the margins of the discussion.But for others,they loomed large in bringing about the American Civil War.

Yang Dongliang, ed., Japan’s Views of China in Modern Times

This work provides a comprehensive and systematic review of the changing views of China from all major groups of Japanese society, from 1603 to 2010. It is the first attempt in Sino-Japanese academic discourse on this topic.