Coordinated management of energy and mineral resources development and control of pollution in Western China

Natural environment is fragile and harsh in Western China where rich energy and mineral resources are endowed,enabling energy and mining development to become a pillar industry of the regions socioeconomic development This paper identified the key issues and challenges faced by eco-environment as a result of energy and mining development in Western China.We argued mat mining and energy development have caused various environmental problems,and that environmental degradation is increasingly prominent in Western China,hence,we request coordinated resource development and environmental protection for sustainable development in this region.Based on the above recognitions,this paper put forward relevant policy recommendations:promoting green development vigorously and developing new green energy;formulating and enforcing environmental protection laws and regulations,improving ecological compensation mechanism;establishing green threshold;strengthening integration between western resource-based cities and coastal region to get rid of the"resource curse";improving energy and mineral resources development stakeholders'involvement;coordinating resource taxes and local development funds;and strengthening independent third-party supervision in the whole process of energy and mining

Dealing with Challenges of Energy and Climate Change:Policy-oriented Researches

Rapid growth of total energy consumption and carbon emissions is a challenge to sustainable energy development In the first decade of the 21st century,along with the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization,especially the rapid development of heavy and

The economic impact of emission peaking control policies and China's sustainable development

To achieve the goals of national sustainable development, the peaking control of CO2 emissions is pivotal, as well as other pollutants. In this paper, we build a Chinese inter-regional CGE model and simulate 13 policies and their combinations. By analyzing the energy consumptions, coal consumptions, relating emissions and their impacts on GDP, we found that with the structure adjustment policy, the proportion of coal in primary fossil fuels in 2030 will decrease from 53% to 48% and CO2 emissions will decrease by 11.3%-22.8% compared to the baseline scenario. With the energy intensity reduction policy, CO2 emissions will decrease by 33.3% in 2030 and 47.8% in 2050 than baseline scenario. Other pollutants will also be controlled as synergetic effects. In this study we also find that although the earlier the peaking time the better for emission amounts control, the economic costs can not be ignored. The GDP will decrease by 2.96%-8.23% under different scenarios. Therefore, integrated policy solutions are needed for realizing the peaks package and more targeted measures are required to achieve the peaks of other pollutants earlier.

Theoretical and Empidcal Study on Urban Population Carrying Capacity:Case of Haidian District in Beijing

The measurement of urban population carrying capac- ity is the basis for cities' sustainable development.However,the traditional study on population carrying capacity which was based on food supply is not applicable to the single urban area.This paper built a model for the analysis of urban carrying capacity, and took Haidian District in Beijing as an example to calculate the urban carrying capacity of Haidian District in the future,which was the basis for the improvement of the population carrying capacity.This study would also provide a reference to the meas- urement of the urban population carrying capacity for other cities and districts in China.

The Prediction of Carbon Emissions Demands in India under the Balance Economic Growth Path

Facing the challenge of climate change, forecasts of energy demand and carbon emissions demand are a key requirement for India to ensure energy security and the balance economic growth. The authors calculate the optimal economic growth under the balance economic growth path from 2009 to 2050 in India based on the economy-carbon dynamic model. Combination of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2006 edition of the formula of carbon emissions, energy intensity model, and population model, it gets the carbon emissions demand caused by energy consumption for time span 1980-2008. Then, it estimates the energy consumption demand and carbon emissions demand under the balance economic growth path from 2009 to 2050. The results show that the cumulative amount of energy demand and carbon emissions demand in India for the time span 2009 to 2050, are 44.65 Gtoe and 36.16 Gt C, separately. The annual demand of energy consumption and carbon emissions for India show an inverted U curve from 2009 to 2050. The demand of energy consumption and carbon emissions will peak in 2045, and the peak values are 1290.74 Mtoe and 1045.98 Mt C. Furthermore, India’s per capita energy consumption demand and carbon emissions demand also appear maximum values, which are separately 0.81 toe and 0.65 t C.

Decision-making model for risk management of cascade hydropower stations

In a medium-term electricity market,in order to reduce the risks of price and inflow uncertainties, the cascade hydropower stations may use the options contract with electricity supply companies. A profit-based model for risk management of cascade hydropower stations in the medium-term electricity market is presented. The objective function is profit maximization of cascade hydropower stations. In order to avoid the risks of price and inflow uncertainties, two different risk-aversion constraints: a minimum profit constraint and a minimum conditional value-at-risk, are introduced in the model. In addition, the model takes into account technology constraints of the generating units, which includes reservoir flow balance, reservoir capacity limits, water discharge constraints, etc. The model is formulated as a mixed integer nonlinear programming problem. Because the search space of the solution is very large, a genetic algorithm is used to deal with the problem.

Corrigendum to ＂The economic impact of emission peaking control policiesand China＇s sustainable development＂ [Adv Climate Change Res 5 （2014）162e168]

In Table 3 ＂Peaks and peaking time in policy combination scenarios＂, the ＂Peak＂ of ＂Total CO2 emissions of energy intensitysectors＂ should be 4752.0e4832.2, but not ＂475.2e4832.2＂.

My Road of Entrepreneurship and Innovation

I did not rush into business when China embraced the first wave of market economy at the end of the20th century.Rather,I only started my first brand until the beginning of this century after long-term contemplation and preparation.Over the past14 years,I have been able to create a number of brands including Landfound,Han Incense

Energy Economics:New Challenges and Solutions——Review of the 4th Asian Conference of the International Association for Energy Economics(IAEE)

The 4th Asian Conference of International Association for Energy Economics （IAEE）, themed “Energy Economics： New Challenges and Solutions”, was held in Beijing, China, from September 19 to 21, 2014. Nearly 400 delegates from 28 countries and regions shared state-of-the-art research findings in the field of energy economics and explored possible solutions to energy and environmental challenges. This is the first IAEE event ever held in China＇s mainland, and it will play an important role in promoting the development of energy economics and coping with the real challenges we face.

Field Modeling Method for Identifying Urban Sphere of Influence:A Case Study on Central China

With rapid development of urbanization and regional interaction and interdependence, regional urban agglomeration planning becomes more and more important in China, in order to promote integrated development of various cities with close interrelationship. However, it is still arguable academically on how to define the boundary or which cities to be included for the urban agglomeration of a region. This paper aims to shed lights on how to identify urban spheres of influence scientifically by introducing field modeling method and by practicing a case study on 168 cities in Central China. In our field modeling method, the influence intensities of cities were measured by a compre-ensive index and urban spheres of influence were represented spatially by field intensity. Then, their classification and spatial distribution characteristics of study area in 2007 were identified and explored by using GIS and statistical methods. The result showed that： 1） Wuhan is the absolute dominant city in Central China; 2） the provincial capital cities dominate their own provinces and there are no other lower grade agglomeration centers; and 3） the basic types of organization form of urban sphere of influence are single-polar type, agglomeration type, close-related group type and loose-related group type.

Decoupling economic growth from CO_2 emissions: A decomposition analysis of China's household energy consumption

This paper analyzes Chinese household CO_2 emissions in 1994-2012 based on the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index(LMDI) structure decomposition model, and discusses the relationship between household CO_2 emissions and economic growth based on a decoupling indicator.The results show that in 1994-2012, household CO_2 emissions grew in general and displayed an accelerated growth trend during the early 21 st century. Economic growth leading to an increase in energy consumption is the main driving factor of CO_2 emission growth(an increase of 1.078 Gt CO_2) with cumulative contribution rate of 55.92%, while the decline in energy intensity is the main cause of CO_2 emission growth inhibition(0.723 Gt CO_2 emission reduction) with cumulative contribution rate of 38.27%. Meanwhile, household CO_2 emissions are in a weak state of decoupling in general. The change in CO_2 emissions caused by population and economic growth shows a weak decoupling and expansive decoupling state, respectively. The CO_2 emission change caused by energy intensity is in a state of strong decoupling, and the change caused by energy consumption structure ?uctuates between a weak and a strong decoupling state.

Rebound effect and its decomposition-an analysis based on energy types in China

Rebound effect derived from energy efficiency improvement has been widely invested.However,most of studies focus on the rebound effect of the energy composite level and neither distinguish nor compare different energy types.We compare the differences in energy saving and energy rebound between primary and secondary energy sources,and further decompose the rebound effect into production rebound part and final demand component.To do so,we add a module for rebound into a comparative state China-CGE model.We design and test two simulation scenarios using the model.In Scenario 1,all production sectors' energy efficiency of using primary energy increases by 5%.In Scenario 2,all production sectors' energy efficiency of using secondary energy increases by 5%.The results show that Scenario 2 leads to more GDP growth and more energy saving.Our scenarios show rebound effects range between 9.6% and 27.9%,and in general are higher when energy efficiency of using primary energy sources is improved.Our decomposition analysis shows that improving energy efficiency in production sectors would stimulates energy use of final demand.Indeed,the consumption side has significant contribution to rebound in secondary energy use,especially in crude oil and gas.This study reveals that improving efficiency of using secondary energy is better than improving that of primary energy,both in terms of economic impact and energy rebound.And complementary policies that prevent energy services prices from falling too much can be adopted to reduce rebound.Controlling residential energy use could also be effective in reducing rebound,this has particular implication to economies in which residential energy consumption are far from saturation.

Multi-Objective Optimization of Pilots’ FFS Recurrent Training Problem

Two multi-objective programming models are built to describe Pilots’ full flight simulator (FFS) recurrent training (PFRT) problem. There are two objectives for them. One is the best matching of captains and copilots in the same aircraft type. The other is that pilots could attend his training courses at proper month. Usually the two objectives are conflicting because there are copilots who will promote to captains or transfer to other aircraft type and new trainees will enter the company every year. The main theme in the research is to find the final non-inferior solutions of PFRT problem. Graph models are built to help to analyze the problem and we convert the original problem into a longest-route problem with weighted paths. An algorithm is designed with which we can obtain all the non-inferior solutions by a graphic method. A case study is present to demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm as well.

The 4-Acyclic Edge Coloring of Graphs with Large Girths

A proper edge coloring of a graph is acyclic, if every cycle of the graph has at least 3 colors. Let r be a positive integer. An edge coloring is r-acyclic if it is proper and every cycle C has at least ?colors. The r-acyclic edge chromatic ??number of a graph G?is the minimum number of colors needed for any r-acyclic edge coloring of G. When r=4, the result of this paper is that the 4-acyclic chromatic number of a graph with maximum degree Δ and girth ?is less than 18Δ. Furthermore, if the girth of graph G?is at least , then .

The Future Development of Energy-Environment-Economy Integrated Assessment Modelling

One of the greatest challenges faced by the energy and economic system is the risk of environmental and climate change.The models that have been developed to study the principle and dynamics of the energy,environment,and economic system are called

International Expert Diagnostic Assessment for CAS Institutes

Since 2011,the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)has entered the new development stage of'Innovation2020'.The management of CAS towards its affiliated research institutes has also diverted to major outcomeoriented strategy,focusing on their un-substitutability in a research field.CAS requires its research institutes to pinpoint their'One Positioning,Three Major Breakthroughs,Five Key Potential Directions'。

Energy Finance in the Age of Big Data

Since the beginning of the 21st century,energy has become a new financial investment vehicle,indicating the arrival of a new era of energy finance.In the process of energy financialization,the electronic information carrier and network platform plays an important role.The arrival of the age of big data highlights the important position of information competition and network advantage.

Measuring Performance Evolution of Academic Journals in Management Science and Operations Research:A DEA-Malmquist Approach

This paper aims to measure the productivity of academic journals in the field of management science and operations research on the basis of a data envelopment analysis(DEA)-Malmquist approach.Using the empirical results,we make the following findings:(1)Compared with the DEA-CCR(Charnes,Cooper,Rhodes)model,the DEA-BCC(Banker,Charnes,Cooper)model may overestimate the performance of journals with a shorter cited half-life and fewer articles,and may underestimate the performance of journals with a longer cited half-life and more articles;(2)The average performance of journals in the management science and operations research field progressed by 1.8%during 2007-2014,which was a result of the frontier-shift effect;(3)The gap between the best journals on the DEA frontier and the rest of the journals is increasing because the best journals grow relatively faster;(4)High-level journals have made more progress and their performance is more stable,and the difference between high-level journals was also smaller during 2007-2014;and,(5)A higher total factor productivity value corresponds to higher Association of Business Schools rankings for certain journals.

Estimation of provincial forest carbon sink capacities in Chinese mainland

Estimation of the capacity of provincial forest carbon sinks in Chinese mainland using the CO2FIX model provides data support for the effective management of provincial regions. According to China’s Sixth National Forest Inventory, we estimate the capacities of original and new afforestation carbon sinks under the assumption of using the country’s non-forest land for afforestation and reforestation to achieve a new forested area of 57323200 ha. The carbon absorption capacity of China’s forest ecosystems estimated from 2005 to 2050 reaches 8.4 GtC. The absorption capacities of original forest and new afforestation respectively are 4.9 and 3.5 GtC. The annual capacity of all forest carbon sinks has a roughly decreasing trend. Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Yunnan, Sichuan and Heilongjiang provinces make major contributions to the carbon sink capacity.

CIECIA:A new climate change integrated assessment model and its assessments of global carbon abatement schemes

From the perspective of global economic general equilibrium, this study developed a new climate change IAM named CIECIA. The economic core of this IAM is a multi-country-sector general equilibrium model. The endogenous technology progress mode is introduced into CIECIA. Based on this model, three assessment principles of the global cooperating abatement scheme are proposed, including effectiveness, feasibility, and fairness. This study simulated and analyzed six types of primary global cooperating abatement schemes. The simulated results indicate that all of the selected schemes can satisfy the climate mitigation targets by 2100. Thus, they are all effective schemes. However, the schemes have quite different feasibilities and fairness. The Stern Scheme benefits the developed countries, but is unfair to the developing countries. The Nordhaus Scheme promotes the developments of the developing countries. However, it leads to negative impacts on the interests of the developed countries. The principle of convergence on accumulated carbon emissions per capita and the principle of convergence on carbon emissions per capita benefit the economic developments of the middle and low developing countries most. However, these two types of schemes cause tremendous losses to the main economic entities in the world including China. The Pareto Improvement Scheme, which was developed from the Global Economic Growth Scheme, balances the fairness and feasibility in the carbon abatement process and realizes the Pareto improvement of accumulated utilities in all the participating countries. Thus, the Pareto Improvement Scheme is the most reasonable global cooperating carbon abatement scheme.