In a model experiment, which imitated the rhizosphere of rice, the effect of organic acids (oxalic acid, citric acid) and protons on the release of non-exchangeable NH4+ and the resin adsorption of N was studied in a ...In a model experiment, which imitated the rhizosphere of rice, the effect of organic acids (oxalic acid, citric acid) and protons on the release of non-exchangeable NH4+ and the resin adsorption of N was studied in a paddy soil, typical for Zhejiang Province, China. Oxalic and citric acids under low pH conditions, in combination with proton secretion, favored the mobilization of NH4+ ions and increased resin adsorption of N. The release of non-exchangeable NH4+ was associated with less formation of iron oxides. These could coat clay minerals and thus hinder the diffusion of NH4+ ions out of the interlayer. Protons enhanced the release of NH4+, and then they could enter the wedge zones of the clay minerals and displace non-exchangeable NH4+ ions.展开更多
A field experiment with a split-plot design was carried out at Dongbeiwang Farm in Beijing Municipality to establish reliable N fertilizer recommendation indices for summer maize (Zea mays L.) in northern China using ...A field experiment with a split-plot design was carried out at Dongbeiwang Farm in Beijing Municipality to establish reliable N fertilizer recommendation indices for summer maize (Zea mays L.) in northern China using the soil Nmin (mineral N) test as well as the plant nitrate and SPAD (portable chlorophyll meter readings) tests. The results showed that Nmin sollwert (NS) 60 kg N ha-1 at the third leaf stage and N rate of 40 to 120 kg N ha-1 at the tenth leaf stage could meet the N requirement of summer maize with a target yield of 5.5-6 t ha-1. Sap nitrate concentrations and SPAD chlorophyll meter readings in the latest expanded maize leaves at the tenth leaf stage were positively correlated with NS levels, indicating that plant nitrate and SPAD tests reflected the N nutritional status of maize well. Considering that winter wheat subsequently utilized N after the summer maize harvest, the 0-90 cm soil Nmin (74 kg N ha-1) and apparent N loss (12 kg N ha-1) in the NS60+40 treatment were controlled at environmentally acceptable levels. Therefore NS60+40, giving a total N supply of 100 kg N ha-1, was considered the optimal N fertilizer input for summer maize under these experimental conditions.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30070428), the Research Foundation ofGermany, the Zhejiang Province Natural Science Foundation (No. 399485) and the Foundation for University PhD GrantingDiscipline by the Ministr
文摘In a model experiment, which imitated the rhizosphere of rice, the effect of organic acids (oxalic acid, citric acid) and protons on the release of non-exchangeable NH4+ and the resin adsorption of N was studied in a paddy soil, typical for Zhejiang Province, China. Oxalic and citric acids under low pH conditions, in combination with proton secretion, favored the mobilization of NH4+ ions and increased resin adsorption of N. The release of non-exchangeable NH4+ was associated with less formation of iron oxides. These could coat clay minerals and thus hinder the diffusion of NH4+ ions out of the interlayer. Protons enhanced the release of NH4+, and then they could enter the wedge zones of the clay minerals and displace non-exchangeable NH4+ ions.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 30390080 and 30370287)the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, Germany.
文摘A field experiment with a split-plot design was carried out at Dongbeiwang Farm in Beijing Municipality to establish reliable N fertilizer recommendation indices for summer maize (Zea mays L.) in northern China using the soil Nmin (mineral N) test as well as the plant nitrate and SPAD (portable chlorophyll meter readings) tests. The results showed that Nmin sollwert (NS) 60 kg N ha-1 at the third leaf stage and N rate of 40 to 120 kg N ha-1 at the tenth leaf stage could meet the N requirement of summer maize with a target yield of 5.5-6 t ha-1. Sap nitrate concentrations and SPAD chlorophyll meter readings in the latest expanded maize leaves at the tenth leaf stage were positively correlated with NS levels, indicating that plant nitrate and SPAD tests reflected the N nutritional status of maize well. Considering that winter wheat subsequently utilized N after the summer maize harvest, the 0-90 cm soil Nmin (74 kg N ha-1) and apparent N loss (12 kg N ha-1) in the NS60+40 treatment were controlled at environmentally acceptable levels. Therefore NS60+40, giving a total N supply of 100 kg N ha-1, was considered the optimal N fertilizer input for summer maize under these experimental conditions.
