Impact of US Financial Sanctions on the Dollar's International

In 2022,the United States stepped up its sanctions on Russia.Most notably,it restricted the flow of the Russian Central Bank's foreign exchange(forex)assets,using financial administrative power as a source of strategic leverage.This move should have reduced the appeal of US dollar assets but in reality has not accelerated as expected the decline of the greenback as a store of value.The US dollar's share of global forex reserves increased instead of decreased during 2022 and 2023.Despite the rise of economic costs caused by tightened US financial sanctions,countries that recognize the geopolitical role of the United States have further accepted the dollar's international status;their continued willingness to live with the dollar's“security premium”has given a fillip to the US dollar in the short term,boosting its appeal as a reserve currency.Meanwhile,de-dollarization of forex reserves has yet to reach a sufficient scale,thus falling short of significantly challenging the dollar's reign.From a longer-term perspective,as economic and security conditions shift,countries that accept the dollar's international role or seek de-dollarization may change their choices.As a result,four possible scenarios may arise:(i)the preeminence of the US dollar remains unthreatened;(ii)the international monetary system splits into blocs;(iii)the international monetary system fragments;and(iv)the dollar loses its throne.The author believes that the last scenario is the most likely outcome.

On the 2002 U. S. Mid-Term Election Zhang Yanyu and Wang Wenfeng are both assistant research professors at the Division for American Studies in China Institute of Contemporary International Relations

The first mid-term election of the U. S. in the new century took place on November 5, 2002. One third of the senators from the 107th Congress (34 out of 100), all representatives (435), 36 state governors, and numerous local officials and legislators were to be elected or reelected. The resounding victory of the GOP in the congressional elections and the fact that the Democrats only got three more.

The Establishment of International Rules for Cross-Border Data Flow under Major Country Competition

As major country competi­tion is becoming ever more intense,data has become a key strategic resource,making rules of cross-border data flow go­ing beyond the business scope in a traditional sense and becoming a strategic issue concerning national development and security.Relevant parties compete against each other in three major areas of the collec­tion of cross-border law enforcement data,cross-border flow of corporate data.

Reflection and Enlightenment on the 10th Anniversary of the International Financial Crisis

In 2008, the US subprime mortgage crisis ignited the international financial crisis which caused a big shock, leading to the great recession and triggering a series of economic, social, and political crises that had a profound impact on the world economy and international politics. Under the pressure of the big crisis, the countries concerned have strengthened financial supervision, and the international community is committed to global governance. However, the corresponding measures are just stirring the hot soup to stop it from boiling. As the main culprit of the financial monopoly is capital, its strength and power have been strengthened instead of being weakened. Greed and speculation have been continuously strengthened instead of being contained. In this way, it is very likely that the measures to solve the old crisis will be the very cause of a new crisis.

The Future of the EU and Sino-EU Relations

The political and social situations have undergone tremendous changes in Europe since the European debt crisis. The paper aims to understand the current situation and the future of the EU by examining the European sovereign debt crisis and its impact on European integration and Sino-EU relations.

China and the Changing World——Summary of the International Seminar in Commemoration of the 30th Anniversary of the CICIR (Part Ⅱ)

China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations (CICIR) hosted an international symposium on China and the Changing World on September 4-5, 2010 to commemorate its 30th anniversary. Four

Future International Trends as Predicted from International Situation of 2011

The chaos of the international strategic situation of 2011 will lead to the decline of the West,the growth of the Asia-Pacific as the global geopolitical center,the weakening of the trend towards multi-polarization,the rise of the G2 pattern in international situation,the theme of "peace and development" in addressing new challenges,and increasing importance of the "war and peace" issue.

A New Model of China-U.S. Relations after Beijing's Second Reform

As extensive as the first reform launched in 1978, China's second reform also depends on giant strides in relations with the U.S.. For the New Model of bilateral ties that is antecedent for the full reform to take hold, progress is needed in four key fields blocking the way. Navigating this challenge will entail originality in thinking, framework and trajectory. The proposed "new model of major-country relations" represents China's official commitment to go the distance to reorient its U.S. bond, but it awaits joint endeavor in building "the three communities of interests, security and responsibility" of Chimerica.

Constructive Development of Sino-U.S.Relations:Intrinsic Logic and Vision Constitution at Non-interest Level

International relations are interactions mainly between states and between international organizations. Since states and organizations are made up of people, these interactions are influenced by human nature. This is the same for Sino-U.S. relations as can be seen by recent developments which show the influences of human thinking and cultural values. The improvement seen in their relations has been cemented by a fostering of mutual understanding and commonality of cultural values. Positive development acquired during diplomatic interactions offer useful lessons for future cooperation. Relations between China and the U.S. can be further improved by learning from history, having a clearer perception and building mutual trust.

The Application of International Law with Regard to Cyber War in Terms of the Tallinn Manual 2.0

The study of international law and regulation of cyber war in the Tallinn Manual 2.0 is questionable with regard to attribution, the use of force, the exercise of the right of self-defense, the application of the principle of distinction, and even the definition of‘cyber war'. The application of contemporary law of war to cyberspace, including the militarization of cyberspace itself, should be reviewed judiciously. The construction of a cyberspace community with a shared future may be a better way out.

Four Obstacles Must Be Overcome Towards the Stabilizing of China-Japan Relations

As China and Japan are the two biggest powers in East Asia and the second and third largest economies in the world,so the stability of their bilateral relations is vital for maintaining regional and world peace,as well as the wellbeing of both peoples.However,over the past 40-plus years since the normalization of Sino-Japanese diplomatic relations。

China-Japan-ROK Relations in Post-Beijing Olympics—Summary of the Sino-Japan-ROK Trilateral Symposium

The trilateral seminar of'China-Japan-ROK Relations in PostBeijing Olympics'—organized by China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations(CICIR),the Asahi Shimbun Asia Network(AAN) of Japan and the Hwajeong Peace Foundation of Northeast Asia Daily(the Dibg-A Ilbo)in South Korea—opened in Beijing on October 11th,2008.

An Assessment of the International Strategic Situation in 2013

Although 2013 could be characterized as a normal year, the international strategic situation has undergone some profound changes. One of the most important is that the United States may have quietly given up its role of the "world police." China must consider the possibility of the U.S. retreating from its current position of the world's sole superpower and "world police", and be well prepared to cope with the possible effects accordingly.

The Doklam Standoff Crisis and the Future of Sino-Indian Relations

Doklam Standoff, a crisis of Sino-Indian bilateral relations, was a large-scale military deployment between China and India. The crisis reflects the newly forming distrust between the two countries that led to an outburst as a result of a series of conflicts over the past two years, which signifies that Sino-Indian relations are entering a new stage characterized by increasingly obvious structural conflict. On the surface, the Modi Administration designed the crisis to stop China from building border infrastructure, to pursue its own absolute security, to maintain South Asian order dominated by India, and to consolidate the basis of strategic cooperation among India, the United States and Japan. Ultimately, however,the British buffer zone theory, the Mandala theory, the Brahmin supremacy theory in traditional Indian culture and the US Monroe Doctrine have also shaped the mindset and behavioral patterns of the Modi Administration.Under the influence of seeking absolute security and its strategic culture, as well as the strong desire to be a great power, the assertive Modi Administration has obviously strengthened its precautionary measures and hostilities toward China. The relations between the two countries are becoming tense. In order to achieve the goal of"dragon and elephant dancing together", and to avoid the recurrence of crises like the Doklam Standoff, the two sides have to adhere to the two basic principles of viewing each other as opportunities for development instead of threats to each other.The mindset of a zero-sum game should be abandoned, and efforts should be made to co-found mutual respect and win-win cooperation in areas of common interest.

A Review of China-US Economic and Trade Relations (2007-2015)

In order to find indications for future bilateral relations, it is worth reviewing the development of China-US economic and trade relations in recent history. Generally speaking, the nine years between 2007 and 2015 saw non-stop progress in China and US trade and economic ties. The China-US interdependent and complementary economic and trade connections ensure that bilateral relations are constantly developing and merging following their interdependent paths;the global challenges, such as the financial crisis and recent extreme weather events, have allowed China and the US to be in the same boat,weathering these different forms of turbulence. Decisions on important domestic policies and disputes can now be discussed earlier and effectively following on from the construction of multi-dimensional crisis management mechanisms. But undeniably there are unsettled and conflicting points in their relations, such as the fact that the US strategically excludes China from its free trade agenda, not willing to accept many everyday items manufactured by China. This is a major obstacle preventing their relationships deepening. History tells us, in future, if both sides could have a bigger vision, relations would better develop, for the new type of major power relations and the subsequent road would be less rocky and bring more benefits for the peoples of both countries.

Outlook on Domestic and Foreign Policies of Shinzo Abe＇s Cabinet and China-Japan Relations

Looking at the prospects for China-Japan relations,it is necessary to not only take into consideration the bilateral situation in 2015,but also the changes in bilateral relations over the past 70 years since the end of the Second Sino-Japanese War(1937-45),and grasp the domestic and foreign policy trends of Shinzo Abe’s Cabinet.

New Developments of US-Russia Relations and China’s Policy Choice

Instead of achieving a restart,the US-Russia relationship has fallen to freezing point under the Trump administration.The bilateral structural conflicts,with profound historical logic and realistic roots,have expanded from geopolitics and strategic balance to domestic politics and values.For a long time to come,"limited opponents"will become the"new normal"of US-Russia relations.

Benefits for Future Sino-US Relations from Lessons of Past 50 Years

The roller coaster Sino-US relations over the past 50 years have dipped to a newlow once again this year, with clamor for strategic competition drowning outadvocacy of strategic cooperation on the other shore of the Pacific Ocean. Why bi-lateral ties have thus far failed to shatter this erratic puzzling bind ? A review of thepast 50 years will perhaps offer us much food for thought.

Review and Prospect of the International Situation

Ⅰ. Main Characteristics of the Global Circumstances in 1997 1997 is one of the key years for the world to take a great leap forward to thenew century. In the heat of the combat between the progressive forces repre-senting the new epochal spirit and the traditional powers, namely the Cold Warmentality, the world has seen in various aspects the most profound and conspicuouschanges, particularly the relations between great powers,ever since the ending ofthe Cold War.

Sino-US Relations: A Bumpy Path of Exploring Cooperation

January 1, 1999 marks the 20th anniversary of the establishment of diplomaticties between China and the United Slates. Over the past two decades, the bi-lateral relationship has traversed a bumpy path of a "para-strategic partnership" inthe eighties, of "cold confrontation" in the first half of the nineties and of a "rela-tively stable development" in the past two years or so. The two decades have witnessed uninterrupted explorations for a mutually ac-ceptable strategic definition of bilateral relations, which have been characterized