AIM: To evaluate the prevalence of markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among blood donors in Kolkata, Eastern India for two consecutive years and to co...AIM: To evaluate the prevalence of markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among blood donors in Kolkata, Eastern India for two consecutive years and to conduct a pilot study to explore the presence of HBV DNA among hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) negative but anti-HBc positive blood donors. METHODS: Seroprevalence of HBsAg, anti-HCV and anti-HIV was studied among 113 051 and 106 695 voluntary blood donors screened in 2004 and 2005, respectively. Moreover, a pilot study on 1027 HBsAg negative donors was carried out for evaluating the presence of HBV DNA by PCR on HBsAg negative/anti- HBc positive donors. RESULTS: A statistically significant increase in the prevalence of HBV (1448 vs 1768, P < 0.001), HIV (262 vs 374, P < 0.001), HCV (314 vs 372, P = 0.003) and syphilis (772 vs 853, P = 0.001) infections was noted among blood donors of Kolkata West Bengal in 2005 as compared to 2004. Moreover, the exploratory study on 1027 HBsAg negative donors revealed that 188 (18.3%)of them were anti-HBc positive out of which 21% were positive for HBV DNA. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study underscore the significantly increasing endemicity of hepatitis viruses, syphilis and HIV among the voluntary blood donors of our community. The pilot study indicates a high rate of prevalence of HBV DNA among HBsAg negative/anti-HBc positive donors and thus emphasizes the need for a more sensitive and stringent screening algorithm for blood donations.展开更多
BACKGROUND Erythrocyte alloantibodies are mainly produced after immune stimulation,such as blood transfusion,pregnancy,and transplantation,and are the leading causes of severe hemolytic transfusion reactions and diffi...BACKGROUND Erythrocyte alloantibodies are mainly produced after immune stimulation,such as blood transfusion,pregnancy,and transplantation,and are the leading causes of severe hemolytic transfusion reactions and difficulty in blood grouping and matching.Therefore,antibody screening is critical to prevent and improve red cell alloantibodies.Routine tube assay is the primary detection method of antibody screening.Recently,erythrocyte-magnetized technology(EMT)has been increasingly used in clinical practice.This study intends to probe the application and efficacy of the conventional tube and EMT in red blood cell alloantibody titration to provide a reference for clinical blood transfusion.AIM To investigate the application value of conventional tube and EMT in red blood cell alloantibody titration and enhance the safety of blood transfusion practice.METHODS A total of 1298 blood samples were harvested from blood donors at the Department of Blood Transfusion of our hospital from March 2021 to December 2022.A 5 mL blood sample was collected in tubing,which was then cut,and the whole blood was put into a test tube for centrifugation to separate the serum.Different red blood cell blood group antibody titers were simultaneously detected using the tube polybrene test,tube antiglobulin test(AGT),and EMT screening irregular antibody methods to determine the best test method.RESULTS Simultaneous detection was performed through the tube polybrene test,tube AGT and EMT screening irregular antibodies.It was discovered that the EMT screening irregular antibody method could detect all immunoglobulin G(IgG)and immunoglobulin M(IgM)irregular antibodies,and the results of manual tube AGT were satisfactory,but the operation time was lengthy,and the equipment had a large footprint.The EMT screening irregular antibody assay was also conducted to determine its activity against type O Rh(D)red blood cells,and the outcomes were satisfactory.Furthermore,compared to the conventional tube method,the EMT screening irregular antibody method was more cost-effective and had significantly higher detection efficiency.CONCLUSION With a higher detection rate,the EMT screening irregular antibody method can detect both IgG and IgM irregular antibodies faster and more effectively than the conventional tube method.展开更多
Liver fibrosis is a wound-healing response following chronic liver injury caused by hepatitis virus infection,obesity,or excessive alcohol.It is a dynamic and reversible process characterized by the activation of hepa...Liver fibrosis is a wound-healing response following chronic liver injury caused by hepatitis virus infection,obesity,or excessive alcohol.It is a dynamic and reversible process characterized by the activation of hepatic stellate cells and excess accumulation of extracellular matrix.Advanced fibrosis could lead to cirrhosis and even liver cancer,which has become a significant health burden worldwide.Many studies have revealed that noncoding RNAs(ncRNAs),including microRNAs,long noncoding RNAs and circular RNAs,are involved in the pathogenesis and development of liver fibrosis by regulating signaling pathways including transforming growth factor-βpathway,phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway,and Wnt/β-catenin pathway.NcRNAs in serum or exosomes have been reported to tentatively applied in the diagnosis and staging of liver fibrosis and combined with elastography to improve the accuracy of diagnosis.NcRNAs mimics,ncRNAs in mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes,and lipid nanoparticles-encapsulated ncRNAs have become promising therapeutic approaches for the treatment of liver fibrosis.In this review,we update the latest knowledge on ncRNAs in the pathogenesis and progression of liver fibrosis,and discuss the potentials and challenges to use these ncRNAs for diagnosis,staging and treatment of liver fibrosis.All these will help us to develop a comprehensive understanding of the role of ncRNAs in liver fibrosis.展开更多
A Chinese woman of blood group B,D-and her husband of blood group AB,CCDeewere examined.The woman had not been transfused before.Their first two babiesdied.Anti-Hro and anti-e were found in the mother’s serum.During ...A Chinese woman of blood group B,D-and her husband of blood group AB,CCDeewere examined.The woman had not been transfused before.Their first two babiesdied.Anti-Hro and anti-e were found in the mother’s serum.During her third pregnancy,the titer of antibodies went up quickly,approximately one titer per month.After 36 weeksof pregnancy,the baby was delivered by Caesarean section.The cord blood Hb was 88g/L,his red blood cell count 2.7×10<sup>12</sup>/L,and total biIirubin 114.6 mol/L.The baby was ofblood group AB,and CDe-D-genotype.Exchangetransfusion was begun 2.5 hours afterbirth.O,ccDEE washed red cells together with group AB plasma were used.Two dayslater,7Oml washed O,ccDEE concentrated red cells were administered.The baby is aliveand in good health.展开更多
The effects of polyhydroxylated [C60 ] fullerene derivatives fullerols on DNA was studied, using the piasmid pXJ41-neo DNA as the experimental model. The cleaved DNA products were detected by agarose gel electrophores...The effects of polyhydroxylated [C60 ] fullerene derivatives fullerols on DNA was studied, using the piasmid pXJ41-neo DNA as the experimental model. The cleaved DNA products were detected by agarose gel electrophoresis. The results showed that fullerols could stimulate DNA cleavage in dose and irradiation dependent manners. 0.4 mmol/L fullerols together with 1.5 h exposure to a 500 W tungsten halogen lamp at a distance of 20 cm could convert most of plasmid DNA from the intact form into the nicked and linear forms. Scavengers of various reactive oxygen species (ROS) including sodium azide, mannitol and superoxide dismu- tase (SOD) could inhibit the photoinduced DNA cleavage of fuUerols. These data presented for the first time the photoinduced biological activities of fullerols, and implied a possible use of these fullerene derivatives as the candidates for novel photosensitizers in the biomedical therapy.展开更多
Folate deficiency has been confirmed to be related to various diseases.Unfortunately,there are few reports on the folate status of Chinese adults.This study aims to evaluate the serum folate status of blood donors in ...Folate deficiency has been confirmed to be related to various diseases.Unfortunately,there are few reports on the folate status of Chinese adults.This study aims to evaluate the serum folate status of blood donors in south-central China.In this study,248 blood donors were included.The information on subjects was collected by a brief questionnaire concerning alcohol consumption habits,smoking habits,fruit and vegetable consumption and physical activity.The serum folate concentration was measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay.The geometric mean serum folate concentration was 13.4 nmoll-1(95%CI,12.7-14.1).The prevalence of serum folate concentrations below 6.8 nmoll-1 was 5.2%(95%CI,2.5-8.0).There were significant differences in serum folate concentrations with respect to sex(p-values<0.05),age(p-values<0.05),fruit and vegetable consumption(p-values<0.05),and alcohol consumption habits(p-values<0.05).The concentration of serum folate increased with age(p-values<0.05)and fruit and vegetable consumption(p-values<0.05).Individuals with an age of 30 years or younger were nearly 3.5 times as likely as those aged over 30 years to have an insufficient level of serum folate(OR=3.48;95%CI:1.01-11.99).An age of 30 years or younger was a risk factor for folate deficiency.Most blood donors had sufficient serum folate concentrations in south-central China.National surveys of folate status should be implemented in China.展开更多
This editorial discusses a recently published paper in the World Journal of Gastroenterology.Our research focuses on p53's regulatory mechanism for controlling ferroptosis,as well as the intricate connection betwe...This editorial discusses a recently published paper in the World Journal of Gastroenterology.Our research focuses on p53's regulatory mechanism for controlling ferroptosis,as well as the intricate connection between ferroptosis and liver diseases.Ferroptosis is a specific form of programmed cell death that is dependent on iron and displays unique features in terms of morphology,biology,and genetics,distinguishing it from other forms of cell death.Ferroptosis can affect the liver,which is a crucial organ responsible for iron storage and metabolism.Mounting evidence indicates a robust correlation between ferroptosis and the advancement of liver disorders.P53 has a dual effect on ferroptosis through various distinct signaling pathways.However,additional investigations are required to clarify the regulatory function of p53 metabolic targets in this complex association with ferroptosis.In the future,researchers should clarify the mechanisms by which ferroptosis and other forms of programmed cell death contribute to the progression of liver diseases.Identifying and controlling important regulatory factors associated with ferroptosis present a promising therapeutic strategy for liver disorders.展开更多
Since it was first reported in December 2019,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection has spread rapidly around the world to cause the ongoing pandemic.Although the clinical manifestations ...Since it was first reported in December 2019,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection has spread rapidly around the world to cause the ongoing pandemic.Although the clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection are predominantly in the respiratory system,liver enzyme abnormalities exist in around half of the cases,which indicate liver injury,and raise clinical concern.At present,there is no consensus whether the liver injury is directly caused by viral replication in the liver tissue or indirectly by the systemic inflammatory response.This review aims to summarize the clinical manifestations and to explore the underlying mechanisms of liver dysfunction in patients with SARSCoV-2 infection.展开更多
The serological and biochemical characteriza-tion of porcine red blood cells (pRBCs) are similar to human red blood cells. Porcine erythrocytes are considered as an alternative source for human blood transfusion. But ...The serological and biochemical characteriza-tion of porcine red blood cells (pRBCs) are similar to human red blood cells. Porcine erythrocytes are considered as an alternative source for human blood transfusion. But there exist galactose-?,3-galactose antigens (Gal?,3Gal?, 4GalNAcR, abbreviated 酖al antigen) on pRBCs, which can induce anti-aGal antibodies in human serum. The aGal epitopes are the major antigen responsible for hyperacute rejection in xenotransfusion. In this study, recombined soy-bean -galactosidase (rS?GalE) was used to remove the aGal antigens from pPRCs for humanization. The results showed that aGal antigen was cleared by rS?GalE and the structure and function of rS?GalE treated pRBC were normal.展开更多
Exosomes are 60–120 nm diameter double-membrane lipid organelles discharged by cells.Various studies have shown that exosomes exert multiple functions in both physical and diseased processes,such as intercellular inf...Exosomes are 60–120 nm diameter double-membrane lipid organelles discharged by cells.Various studies have shown that exosomes exert multiple functions in both physical and diseased processes,such as intercellular information exchange,immune response,and disease progression.Repeated chronic injury to the liver often leads to inflammation and liver fibrosis(LF),a disorder that,if unchecked,may progress to cirrhosis,liver failure,portal hypertension,and even hepatocellular carcinoma.As an essential component of host innate immunity against pathogen invasion,macrophages play an important role in modulating inflammation homeostasis by finely tuning the polarization process of macrophages into either M1 or M2 subtypes in response to different microenvironments.As a critical contributor to the inflammation process,macrophages also play a complex and instrumental function in the progression of LF.This review focuses on recent advancements in the role of macrophage-associated exosomes implicated in LF,including macrophage-released exosomes and macrophage-targeted exosomes.In addition,the progress made in exosomebased antifibrotic therapy by in vivo and in vitro studies is also highlighted.展开更多
More and more studies have demonstrated that pseudogenes possess coding ability,and the functions of their transcripts in the development of diseases have been partially revealed.However,the role of pseudogenes in mai...More and more studies have demonstrated that pseudogenes possess coding ability,and the functions of their transcripts in the development of diseases have been partially revealed.However,the role of pseudogenes in maintenance of normal physiological states and life activities has long been neglected.Here,we identify pseudogenes that are dynamically expressed during human early embryogenesis,showing different expression patterns from that of adult tissues.We explore the expression correlation between pseudogenes and the parent genes,partly due to their shared gene regulatory elements or the potential regulation network between them.The essential role of three pseudogenes,PI4KAP1,TMED10P1,and FBXW4P1,in maintaining self-renewal of human embryonic stem cells is demonstrated.We further find that the three pseudogenes might perform their regulatory functions by binding to proteins or microRNAs.The pseudogene-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms are significantly associated with human congenital disease,further illustrating their importance during early embryonic development.Overall,this study is an excavation and exploration of functional pseudogenes during early human embryonic development,suggesting that pseudogenes are not only capable of being specifically activated in pathological states,but also play crucial roles in the maintenance of normal physiological states.展开更多
Background:The conversion of adenosine(A)to inosine(I)through deamination is the prevailing form of RNA editing,impacting numerous nuclear and cytoplasmic transcripts across various eukaryotic species.Millions of high...Background:The conversion of adenosine(A)to inosine(I)through deamination is the prevailing form of RNA editing,impacting numerous nuclear and cytoplasmic transcripts across various eukaryotic species.Millions of high-confidence RNA editing sites have been identified and integrated into various RNA databases,providing a convenient platform for the rapid identification of key drivers of cancer and potential therapeutic targets.However,the available database for integration of RNA editing in hematopoietic cells and hematopoietic malignancies is still lacking.Methods:We downloaded RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)data of 29 leukemia patients and 19 healthy donors from National Center for Biotechnology Information(NCBI)Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)database,and RNA-seq data of 12 mouse hematopoietic cell populations obtained from our previous research were also used.We performed sequence alignment,identified RNA editing sites,and obtained characteristic editing sites related to normal hematopoietic development and abnormal editing sites associated with hematologic diseases.Results:We established a new database,"REDH",represents RNA editome in hematopoietic differentiation and malignancy.REDH is a curated database of associations between RNA editome and hematopoiesis.REDH integrates 30,796 editing sites from 12 murine adult hematopoietic cell populations and systematically characterizes more than 400,000 edited events in malignant hematopoietic samples from 48 cohorts(human).Through the Differentiation,Disease,Enrichment,and knowledge modules,each A-to-I editing site is systematically integrated,including its distribution throughout the genome,its clinical information(human sample),and functional editing sites under physiological and pathological conditions.Furthermore,REDH compares the similarities and differences of editing sites between different hematologic malignancies and healthy control.Conclusions:REDH is accessible at http://www.redhdatabase.com/.This user-friendly database would aid in understanding the mechanisms of RNA editing in hematopoietic differentiation and malignancies.It provides a set of data related to the maintenance of hematopoietic homeostasis and identifying potential therapeutic targets in malignancies.展开更多
The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has emphasised the crucial role of vaccination in mitigating the spread of the disease.1 While several severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)vaccines...The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has emphasised the crucial role of vaccination in mitigating the spread of the disease.1 While several severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)vaccines have been authorised,most of them are administered through intramuscular injections.2 Although these vaccines effectively elicit systemic immune responses,they do not provide immediate protection at the respiratory tract,which is the primary site of viral infection.3,4 To overcome this limitation,researchers are actively investigating the potential of intranasal or nebulised vaccine candidates.展开更多
One important aspect of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs)-mediated immunomodulation is the recruitment and induction of regulatory T (Treg) cells. However, we do not yet know whether MSCs have similar effects on th...One important aspect of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs)-mediated immunomodulation is the recruitment and induction of regulatory T (Treg) cells. However, we do not yet know whether MSCs have similar effects on the other subsets of Treg cells. Herein, we studied the effects of MSCs on CD8+CD28- Treg cells and found that the MSCs could not only increase the proportion of CD8+CD28- T cells, but also enhance CD8+CD28-T cells' ability of hampering naive CD4+ T-cell proliferation and activation, decreasing the production of IFN-γ by activated CD4+ T cells and inducing the apoptosis of activated CD4+ T cells. Mechanistically, the MSCs affected the functions of the CD8+CD28- T cells partially through moderate upregulating the expression of IL-10 and FasL. The MSCs had no distinct effect on the shift from CD8+CD28+ T cells to CD8+CD28- T cells, but did increase the proportion of CD8+CD28- T cells by reducing their rate of apoptosis. In summary, this study shows that MSCs can enhance the regulatory function of CD8+CD28- Treg cells, shedding new light on MSCs-mediated immune regulation.展开更多
Aminopeptidase N (APN) promoter region was cloned and sequenced from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The recombinant reporter construct containing the promoter and luciferase gene, designated pXPl-APNLuc, was intr...Aminopeptidase N (APN) promoter region was cloned and sequenced from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The recombinant reporter construct containing the promoter and luciferase gene, designated pXPl-APNLuc, was introduced into myeloblastic cell line, T lymphocyte cell line and various tumor cell lines. Luciferase assay showed that APN upstream promoter is myeloid-specific for high expression in myeloblastic cell line and much lower expression in T lymphocyte cell line. The promoter activity was relatively high in lung adenoma cell line compared with other tumor cell lines including hepatoma cell line, tong cancer cell line and esophageal cancer cell line in which the promoter activity significantly diminished or was almost undetectable. The characteristics of APN promoter may provide a new strategy for specific myeloprotection while tumor patients are being treated with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy.展开更多
RUNXI is absolutely required for definitive hematopoiesis, but the function of RUNXlb/c, two isoforms of human RUNX1, is unclear. We established inducible RUNXlb/c-overexpressing human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lin...RUNXI is absolutely required for definitive hematopoiesis, but the function of RUNXlb/c, two isoforms of human RUNX1, is unclear. We established inducible RUNXlb/c-overexpressing human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines, in which RUNXlb/c overexpression prevented the emergence of CD34+ cells from early stage, thereby drastically reducing the production of hematopoi- etic stem/prognnitor cells. Simultaneously, the expression of hematopoiesis-related factors was downregulated. However, such blockage effect disappeared from day 6 in hESC/AGM-S3 ceU co-cultures, proving that the blockage occurred before the generation of hemogenic endothelial cells. This blockage was partially rescued by RepSox, an inhibitor of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling pathway, indicating a close relationship between RUNX1b/c and TGF-β pathway. Our results suggest a unique inhibitory function of RUNX1b/c in the development of early hematopoiesis and may aid further understanding of its biological function in normal and diseased models.展开更多
Precise control over the morphology,nanostructure,composition,and particle size of molecularly organic-inorganic hybrid mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles (MONs) still remains a major challenge,which severely res...Precise control over the morphology,nanostructure,composition,and particle size of molecularly organic-inorganic hybrid mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles (MONs) still remains a major challenge,which severely restricts their broad applications.In this work an efficient bridged organic group-determined growth strategy has been proposed for the facile synthesis of highly dispersed and uniform MONs with multifarious Janus morphologies,nanostructures,organic-inorganic hybrid compositions,and particle sizes,which can be easily controlled simply by varying the bridged organic groups and the concentration of bis-silylated organosilica precursors used in the synthesis.In addition,the formation mechanism of Janus MONs determined by the bridged organic group has been discussed.Based on the specific structures,compositions,and asymmetric morphologies,all the synthesized Janus MONs with hollow structures (JHMONs) demonstrate excellent performances in nanomedicine as desirable drug carriers with high drug-loading efficiencies/capacities,pH-responsive drug releasing,and enhanced therapeutic efficiencies,as attractive contrastenhanced contrast agents for ultrasound imaging,and as excellent bilirubin adsorbents with noticeably high adsorption capacities and high blood compatibilities.The developed versatile synthetic strategy and the obtained JHMONs are extremely important in the development and applications of MONs,particularly in the areas of nanoscience and nanotechnology.展开更多
To the Editor:Hand,foot,and mouth disease(HFMD)is well recognized as a pediatric infectious disease caused by a group of enteroviruses(EVs)with global distribution.Currently,the HFMD is still one among the major threa...To the Editor:Hand,foot,and mouth disease(HFMD)is well recognized as a pediatric infectious disease caused by a group of enteroviruses(EVs)with global distribution.Currently,the HFMD is still one among the major threats to the health of children in China,with estimated 20,537,199 cases,resulting in 3667 deaths in 2018.[1]Available data indicated that most of HFMD cases were caused by serotypes of enterovirus 71(EV-71)and coxsackievirus A16(CV-A16).EV-71 was found to be predominant among severe and fatal cases.Initiated from 2015,three inactivated monovalent EV-71 vaccines were licensed in China and proved with high protective efficacy against HFMD caused by EV-71 but no cross-protection for non-EV-71 serotypes,[2]and the EVs exhibit highly geographical diversity and serotype diversity.Recently,concerns have raised for the outbreaks of CV-A6 and CV-A10 with severe cases,as well as emerging of rare serotypes such as echo virus 11 and echo virus 30.The inadequate coverage of vaccine protection,the geographical diversity,and changing spectrum of HFMD etiology still challenge the comprehensive HFMD prevention and control in China.Information regarding the broad feature of HFMD epidemiology,and the shifting of viral genetic diversity and evolution dynamic as EV-71 vaccination progressing,are still limited.Thus,we conducted a comprehensive retrospective analysis on the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of HFMD in Sichuan Province from 2014 to 2019 before and after the introduction of EV-71 vaccines,which was expected to help better HFMD prevention and control in this area.展开更多
Convalescent plasma(CP)transfusion has been indicated as a promising therapy in the treatment for other emerging viral infections.However,the quality control of CP and individual variation in patients in different stu...Convalescent plasma(CP)transfusion has been indicated as a promising therapy in the treatment for other emerging viral infections.However,the quality control of CP and individual variation in patients in different studies make it rather difficult to evaluate the efficacy and risk of CP therapy for coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).We aimed to explore the potential efficacy of CP therapy,and to assess the possible factors associated with its efficacy.We enrolled eight critical or severe COVID-19 patients from four centers.Each patient was transfused with 200–400mL of CP from seven recovered donors.The primary indicators for clinical efficacy assessment were the changes of clinical symptoms,laboratory parameters,and radiological image after CP transfusion.CP donors had a wide range of antibody levels measured by serology tests which were to some degree correlated with the neutralizing antibody(NAb)level.No adverse events were observed during and after CP transfusion.Following CP transfusion,six out of eight patients showed improved oxygen support status;chest CT indicated varying degrees of absorption of pulmonary lesions in six patients within 8 days;the viral load was decreased to a negative level in five patients who had the previous viremia;other laboratory parameters also tended to improve,including increased lymphocyte counts,decreased C-reactive protein,procalcitonin,and indicators for liver function.The clinical efficacy might be associated with CP transfusion time,transfused dose,and the NAb levels of CP.This study indicated that CP might be a potential therapy for severe patients with COVID-19.展开更多
基金grants partly from West Bengal State AIDS Prevention & Control Society, Kolkata and partly by Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi. Partha Kumar Chandra received a research associateship from West Bengal State AIDS Prevention & Control Society, Kolkata. Arup Banerjee received a senior research fellowship from Indian Council of Medical Research New Delhi Sibnarayan Datta received a senior research fellowship from University Grants Commission, New Delhi
文摘AIM: To evaluate the prevalence of markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among blood donors in Kolkata, Eastern India for two consecutive years and to conduct a pilot study to explore the presence of HBV DNA among hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) negative but anti-HBc positive blood donors. METHODS: Seroprevalence of HBsAg, anti-HCV and anti-HIV was studied among 113 051 and 106 695 voluntary blood donors screened in 2004 and 2005, respectively. Moreover, a pilot study on 1027 HBsAg negative donors was carried out for evaluating the presence of HBV DNA by PCR on HBsAg negative/anti- HBc positive donors. RESULTS: A statistically significant increase in the prevalence of HBV (1448 vs 1768, P < 0.001), HIV (262 vs 374, P < 0.001), HCV (314 vs 372, P = 0.003) and syphilis (772 vs 853, P = 0.001) infections was noted among blood donors of Kolkata West Bengal in 2005 as compared to 2004. Moreover, the exploratory study on 1027 HBsAg negative donors revealed that 188 (18.3%)of them were anti-HBc positive out of which 21% were positive for HBV DNA. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study underscore the significantly increasing endemicity of hepatitis viruses, syphilis and HIV among the voluntary blood donors of our community. The pilot study indicates a high rate of prevalence of HBV DNA among HBsAg negative/anti-HBc positive donors and thus emphasizes the need for a more sensitive and stringent screening algorithm for blood donations.
基金Supported by Project of Shanxi Provincial Health Commission,No.2021144.
文摘BACKGROUND Erythrocyte alloantibodies are mainly produced after immune stimulation,such as blood transfusion,pregnancy,and transplantation,and are the leading causes of severe hemolytic transfusion reactions and difficulty in blood grouping and matching.Therefore,antibody screening is critical to prevent and improve red cell alloantibodies.Routine tube assay is the primary detection method of antibody screening.Recently,erythrocyte-magnetized technology(EMT)has been increasingly used in clinical practice.This study intends to probe the application and efficacy of the conventional tube and EMT in red blood cell alloantibody titration to provide a reference for clinical blood transfusion.AIM To investigate the application value of conventional tube and EMT in red blood cell alloantibody titration and enhance the safety of blood transfusion practice.METHODS A total of 1298 blood samples were harvested from blood donors at the Department of Blood Transfusion of our hospital from March 2021 to December 2022.A 5 mL blood sample was collected in tubing,which was then cut,and the whole blood was put into a test tube for centrifugation to separate the serum.Different red blood cell blood group antibody titers were simultaneously detected using the tube polybrene test,tube antiglobulin test(AGT),and EMT screening irregular antibody methods to determine the best test method.RESULTS Simultaneous detection was performed through the tube polybrene test,tube AGT and EMT screening irregular antibodies.It was discovered that the EMT screening irregular antibody method could detect all immunoglobulin G(IgG)and immunoglobulin M(IgM)irregular antibodies,and the results of manual tube AGT were satisfactory,but the operation time was lengthy,and the equipment had a large footprint.The EMT screening irregular antibody assay was also conducted to determine its activity against type O Rh(D)red blood cells,and the outcomes were satisfactory.Furthermore,compared to the conventional tube method,the EMT screening irregular antibody method was more cost-effective and had significantly higher detection efficiency.CONCLUSION With a higher detection rate,the EMT screening irregular antibody method can detect both IgG and IgM irregular antibodies faster and more effectively than the conventional tube method.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Innovation Talent Project of Sichuan Province,No.2022JDRC0047the Central Government-directed Special Funds for Local Science and Technology Development Project,No.2021ZYD0085+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82102383Qin Chuangyuan Recruited High-level Innovation and Entrepreneurship Talents Project of Science and Technology Department of Shaanxi Province,No.QCYRCXM-2022-56.
文摘Liver fibrosis is a wound-healing response following chronic liver injury caused by hepatitis virus infection,obesity,or excessive alcohol.It is a dynamic and reversible process characterized by the activation of hepatic stellate cells and excess accumulation of extracellular matrix.Advanced fibrosis could lead to cirrhosis and even liver cancer,which has become a significant health burden worldwide.Many studies have revealed that noncoding RNAs(ncRNAs),including microRNAs,long noncoding RNAs and circular RNAs,are involved in the pathogenesis and development of liver fibrosis by regulating signaling pathways including transforming growth factor-βpathway,phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway,and Wnt/β-catenin pathway.NcRNAs in serum or exosomes have been reported to tentatively applied in the diagnosis and staging of liver fibrosis and combined with elastography to improve the accuracy of diagnosis.NcRNAs mimics,ncRNAs in mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes,and lipid nanoparticles-encapsulated ncRNAs have become promising therapeutic approaches for the treatment of liver fibrosis.In this review,we update the latest knowledge on ncRNAs in the pathogenesis and progression of liver fibrosis,and discuss the potentials and challenges to use these ncRNAs for diagnosis,staging and treatment of liver fibrosis.All these will help us to develop a comprehensive understanding of the role of ncRNAs in liver fibrosis.
文摘A Chinese woman of blood group B,D-and her husband of blood group AB,CCDeewere examined.The woman had not been transfused before.Their first two babiesdied.Anti-Hro and anti-e were found in the mother’s serum.During her third pregnancy,the titer of antibodies went up quickly,approximately one titer per month.After 36 weeksof pregnancy,the baby was delivered by Caesarean section.The cord blood Hb was 88g/L,his red blood cell count 2.7×10<sup>12</sup>/L,and total biIirubin 114.6 mol/L.The baby was ofblood group AB,and CDe-D-genotype.Exchangetransfusion was begun 2.5 hours afterbirth.O,ccDEE washed red cells together with group AB plasma were used.Two dayslater,7Oml washed O,ccDEE concentrated red cells were administered.The baby is aliveand in good health.
基金Sponsored by Fund for Research on Doctoral Programs in Institutions of Higher Learning(20030007011)Basic Research Foundation of BeijingInstitute of Technology(000Y06)
文摘The effects of polyhydroxylated [C60 ] fullerene derivatives fullerols on DNA was studied, using the piasmid pXJ41-neo DNA as the experimental model. The cleaved DNA products were detected by agarose gel electrophoresis. The results showed that fullerols could stimulate DNA cleavage in dose and irradiation dependent manners. 0.4 mmol/L fullerols together with 1.5 h exposure to a 500 W tungsten halogen lamp at a distance of 20 cm could convert most of plasmid DNA from the intact form into the nicked and linear forms. Scavengers of various reactive oxygen species (ROS) including sodium azide, mannitol and superoxide dismu- tase (SOD) could inhibit the photoinduced DNA cleavage of fuUerols. These data presented for the first time the photoinduced biological activities of fullerols, and implied a possible use of these fullerene derivatives as the candidates for novel photosensitizers in the biomedical therapy.
基金This work was supported by the Medical Research Project of Wuhan Municipal Health Commission(Grant No.WG14B13)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31600692)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2017CFB406).
文摘Folate deficiency has been confirmed to be related to various diseases.Unfortunately,there are few reports on the folate status of Chinese adults.This study aims to evaluate the serum folate status of blood donors in south-central China.In this study,248 blood donors were included.The information on subjects was collected by a brief questionnaire concerning alcohol consumption habits,smoking habits,fruit and vegetable consumption and physical activity.The serum folate concentration was measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay.The geometric mean serum folate concentration was 13.4 nmoll-1(95%CI,12.7-14.1).The prevalence of serum folate concentrations below 6.8 nmoll-1 was 5.2%(95%CI,2.5-8.0).There were significant differences in serum folate concentrations with respect to sex(p-values<0.05),age(p-values<0.05),fruit and vegetable consumption(p-values<0.05),and alcohol consumption habits(p-values<0.05).The concentration of serum folate increased with age(p-values<0.05)and fruit and vegetable consumption(p-values<0.05).Individuals with an age of 30 years or younger were nearly 3.5 times as likely as those aged over 30 years to have an insufficient level of serum folate(OR=3.48;95%CI:1.01-11.99).An age of 30 years or younger was a risk factor for folate deficiency.Most blood donors had sufficient serum folate concentrations in south-central China.National surveys of folate status should be implemented in China.
基金Supported by The Guangxi Natural Science Foundation Youth Science Foundation,No.2024GXNSFBA010047.
文摘This editorial discusses a recently published paper in the World Journal of Gastroenterology.Our research focuses on p53's regulatory mechanism for controlling ferroptosis,as well as the intricate connection between ferroptosis and liver diseases.Ferroptosis is a specific form of programmed cell death that is dependent on iron and displays unique features in terms of morphology,biology,and genetics,distinguishing it from other forms of cell death.Ferroptosis can affect the liver,which is a crucial organ responsible for iron storage and metabolism.Mounting evidence indicates a robust correlation between ferroptosis and the advancement of liver disorders.P53 has a dual effect on ferroptosis through various distinct signaling pathways.However,additional investigations are required to clarify the regulatory function of p53 metabolic targets in this complex association with ferroptosis.In the future,researchers should clarify the mechanisms by which ferroptosis and other forms of programmed cell death contribute to the progression of liver diseases.Identifying and controlling important regulatory factors associated with ferroptosis present a promising therapeutic strategy for liver disorders.
基金Supported by Sino-German Center for Research Promotion,National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.C-0029Health Commission of Chengdu,No.2020179.
文摘Since it was first reported in December 2019,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection has spread rapidly around the world to cause the ongoing pandemic.Although the clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection are predominantly in the respiratory system,liver enzyme abnormalities exist in around half of the cases,which indicate liver injury,and raise clinical concern.At present,there is no consensus whether the liver injury is directly caused by viral replication in the liver tissue or indirectly by the systemic inflammatory response.This review aims to summarize the clinical manifestations and to explore the underlying mechanisms of liver dysfunction in patients with SARSCoV-2 infection.
文摘The serological and biochemical characteriza-tion of porcine red blood cells (pRBCs) are similar to human red blood cells. Porcine erythrocytes are considered as an alternative source for human blood transfusion. But there exist galactose-?,3-galactose antigens (Gal?,3Gal?, 4GalNAcR, abbreviated 酖al antigen) on pRBCs, which can induce anti-aGal antibodies in human serum. The aGal epitopes are the major antigen responsible for hyperacute rejection in xenotransfusion. In this study, recombined soy-bean -galactosidase (rS?GalE) was used to remove the aGal antigens from pPRCs for humanization. The results showed that aGal antigen was cleared by rS?GalE and the structure and function of rS?GalE treated pRBC were normal.
基金CAMS Initiative for Innovative Medicine:CAMS-2021-I2M-1-060National Key Research and Development Program of China:2018YFE0107500+3 种基金Science and Technology Partnership Program,Ministry of Science and Technology of China:KY201904011Qin Chuang Yuan recruited highlevel innovation and entrepreneurship talents project of Science and Technology Department of Shaanxi Province:QCYRCXM-2022-56Foreign Expert Service Project of Science and Technology Department of Shaanxi Province:2023 WGZJ-YB-39Medical Research project of Xi’an Science and Technology Bureau:22YXYJ0120.
文摘Exosomes are 60–120 nm diameter double-membrane lipid organelles discharged by cells.Various studies have shown that exosomes exert multiple functions in both physical and diseased processes,such as intercellular information exchange,immune response,and disease progression.Repeated chronic injury to the liver often leads to inflammation and liver fibrosis(LF),a disorder that,if unchecked,may progress to cirrhosis,liver failure,portal hypertension,and even hepatocellular carcinoma.As an essential component of host innate immunity against pathogen invasion,macrophages play an important role in modulating inflammation homeostasis by finely tuning the polarization process of macrophages into either M1 or M2 subtypes in response to different microenvironments.As a critical contributor to the inflammation process,macrophages also play a complex and instrumental function in the progression of LF.This review focuses on recent advancements in the role of macrophage-associated exosomes implicated in LF,including macrophage-released exosomes and macrophage-targeted exosomes.In addition,the progress made in exosomebased antifibrotic therapy by in vivo and in vitro studies is also highlighted.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFA0805703,2019YFA0801800,and 2019YFA0802600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82330007,82122005,92268205 and 81970101)+1 种基金CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2021-I2M1-019)Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem Innovation Fund(22HHXBSS00027)。
文摘More and more studies have demonstrated that pseudogenes possess coding ability,and the functions of their transcripts in the development of diseases have been partially revealed.However,the role of pseudogenes in maintenance of normal physiological states and life activities has long been neglected.Here,we identify pseudogenes that are dynamically expressed during human early embryogenesis,showing different expression patterns from that of adult tissues.We explore the expression correlation between pseudogenes and the parent genes,partly due to their shared gene regulatory elements or the potential regulation network between them.The essential role of three pseudogenes,PI4KAP1,TMED10P1,and FBXW4P1,in maintaining self-renewal of human embryonic stem cells is demonstrated.We further find that the three pseudogenes might perform their regulatory functions by binding to proteins or microRNAs.The pseudogene-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms are significantly associated with human congenital disease,further illustrating their importance during early embryonic development.Overall,this study is an excavation and exploration of functional pseudogenes during early human embryonic development,suggesting that pseudogenes are not only capable of being specifically activated in pathological states,but also play crucial roles in the maintenance of normal physiological states.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2022YFA1106300,2019YFA0802603,2019YFA0801800,2019YFA0111700,and 2021YFA0805703)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.92268205,82122005,81970154,81970101,82270192)+1 种基金CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(No.2021-I2M-1-019)Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem Innovation Fund(No.22HHXBSS00027)
文摘Background:The conversion of adenosine(A)to inosine(I)through deamination is the prevailing form of RNA editing,impacting numerous nuclear and cytoplasmic transcripts across various eukaryotic species.Millions of high-confidence RNA editing sites have been identified and integrated into various RNA databases,providing a convenient platform for the rapid identification of key drivers of cancer and potential therapeutic targets.However,the available database for integration of RNA editing in hematopoietic cells and hematopoietic malignancies is still lacking.Methods:We downloaded RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)data of 29 leukemia patients and 19 healthy donors from National Center for Biotechnology Information(NCBI)Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)database,and RNA-seq data of 12 mouse hematopoietic cell populations obtained from our previous research were also used.We performed sequence alignment,identified RNA editing sites,and obtained characteristic editing sites related to normal hematopoietic development and abnormal editing sites associated with hematologic diseases.Results:We established a new database,"REDH",represents RNA editome in hematopoietic differentiation and malignancy.REDH is a curated database of associations between RNA editome and hematopoiesis.REDH integrates 30,796 editing sites from 12 murine adult hematopoietic cell populations and systematically characterizes more than 400,000 edited events in malignant hematopoietic samples from 48 cohorts(human).Through the Differentiation,Disease,Enrichment,and knowledge modules,each A-to-I editing site is systematically integrated,including its distribution throughout the genome,its clinical information(human sample),and functional editing sites under physiological and pathological conditions.Furthermore,REDH compares the similarities and differences of editing sites between different hematologic malignancies and healthy control.Conclusions:REDH is accessible at http://www.redhdatabase.com/.This user-friendly database would aid in understanding the mechanisms of RNA editing in hematopoietic differentiation and malignancies.It provides a set of data related to the maintenance of hematopoietic homeostasis and identifying potential therapeutic targets in malignancies.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82302755).
文摘The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has emphasised the crucial role of vaccination in mitigating the spread of the disease.1 While several severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)vaccines have been authorised,most of them are administered through intramuscular injections.2 Although these vaccines effectively elicit systemic immune responses,they do not provide immediate protection at the respiratory tract,which is the primary site of viral infection.3,4 To overcome this limitation,researchers are actively investigating the potential of intranasal or nebulised vaccine candidates.
基金This study was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2012CBA01302, 2010CB945400), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31171398, 81271265, 81425016), the Key Scientific and Technological Projects of Guangdong Province (2007A032100003), the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province ( S2013030013305 ), the Key Scientific and Technological Program of Guangzhou City (201400000003-3, 201300000089, 2010U1-E00551 ) and Guangdong Department of Science & Technology Translational Medicine Center grant (2011A080300002).
文摘One important aspect of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs)-mediated immunomodulation is the recruitment and induction of regulatory T (Treg) cells. However, we do not yet know whether MSCs have similar effects on the other subsets of Treg cells. Herein, we studied the effects of MSCs on CD8+CD28- Treg cells and found that the MSCs could not only increase the proportion of CD8+CD28- T cells, but also enhance CD8+CD28-T cells' ability of hampering naive CD4+ T-cell proliferation and activation, decreasing the production of IFN-γ by activated CD4+ T cells and inducing the apoptosis of activated CD4+ T cells. Mechanistically, the MSCs affected the functions of the CD8+CD28- T cells partially through moderate upregulating the expression of IL-10 and FasL. The MSCs had no distinct effect on the shift from CD8+CD28+ T cells to CD8+CD28- T cells, but did increase the proportion of CD8+CD28- T cells by reducing their rate of apoptosis. In summary, this study shows that MSCs can enhance the regulatory function of CD8+CD28- Treg cells, shedding new light on MSCs-mediated immune regulation.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 39970818).
文摘Aminopeptidase N (APN) promoter region was cloned and sequenced from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The recombinant reporter construct containing the promoter and luciferase gene, designated pXPl-APNLuc, was introduced into myeloblastic cell line, T lymphocyte cell line and various tumor cell lines. Luciferase assay showed that APN upstream promoter is myeloid-specific for high expression in myeloblastic cell line and much lower expression in T lymphocyte cell line. The promoter activity was relatively high in lung adenoma cell line compared with other tumor cell lines including hepatoma cell line, tong cancer cell line and esophageal cancer cell line in which the promoter activity significantly diminished or was almost undetectable. The characteristics of APN promoter may provide a new strategy for specific myeloprotection while tumor patients are being treated with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy.
基金This work was supported by the National Program on Key Basic Research Project of China (973 Program 2015CB964902), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC H81170466 and H81370597), and the CAMS Initiatives for Innovative Medicine (2016-12M-1-018) awarded to F.M.
文摘RUNXI is absolutely required for definitive hematopoiesis, but the function of RUNXlb/c, two isoforms of human RUNX1, is unclear. We established inducible RUNXlb/c-overexpressing human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines, in which RUNXlb/c overexpression prevented the emergence of CD34+ cells from early stage, thereby drastically reducing the production of hematopoi- etic stem/prognnitor cells. Simultaneously, the expression of hematopoiesis-related factors was downregulated. However, such blockage effect disappeared from day 6 in hESC/AGM-S3 ceU co-cultures, proving that the blockage occurred before the generation of hemogenic endothelial cells. This blockage was partially rescued by RepSox, an inhibitor of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling pathway, indicating a close relationship between RUNX1b/c and TGF-β pathway. Our results suggest a unique inhibitory function of RUNX1b/c in the development of early hematopoiesis and may aid further understanding of its biological function in normal and diseased models.
基金We greatly acknowledge financial support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2016YFA0203700), Shanghai Natural Science Foundation (No. 16ZR1440300), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 61275208, 51302293, and 51672303), Shanghai Rising-Star Program (No. 14QA1404100), Youth Innovation Promotion Associa- tion of the Chinese Academy of Sdences (No. 2013169) and Development Fund for Shanghai Talents (2015).
文摘Precise control over the morphology,nanostructure,composition,and particle size of molecularly organic-inorganic hybrid mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles (MONs) still remains a major challenge,which severely restricts their broad applications.In this work an efficient bridged organic group-determined growth strategy has been proposed for the facile synthesis of highly dispersed and uniform MONs with multifarious Janus morphologies,nanostructures,organic-inorganic hybrid compositions,and particle sizes,which can be easily controlled simply by varying the bridged organic groups and the concentration of bis-silylated organosilica precursors used in the synthesis.In addition,the formation mechanism of Janus MONs determined by the bridged organic group has been discussed.Based on the specific structures,compositions,and asymmetric morphologies,all the synthesized Janus MONs with hollow structures (JHMONs) demonstrate excellent performances in nanomedicine as desirable drug carriers with high drug-loading efficiencies/capacities,pH-responsive drug releasing,and enhanced therapeutic efficiencies,as attractive contrastenhanced contrast agents for ultrasound imaging,and as excellent bilirubin adsorbents with noticeably high adsorption capacities and high blood compatibilities.The developed versatile synthetic strategy and the obtained JHMONs are extremely important in the development and applications of MONs,particularly in the areas of nanoscience and nanotechnology.
基金funded by grants from the National Key R&D Program"Precision Medicine Initiative"of China(No.2017YFC0907304)the Key Research and Development Project,Department of Science and Technology,Sichuan Province(Nos.2018SZ0212 and 2018JY0383)。
文摘To the Editor:Hand,foot,and mouth disease(HFMD)is well recognized as a pediatric infectious disease caused by a group of enteroviruses(EVs)with global distribution.Currently,the HFMD is still one among the major threats to the health of children in China,with estimated 20,537,199 cases,resulting in 3667 deaths in 2018.[1]Available data indicated that most of HFMD cases were caused by serotypes of enterovirus 71(EV-71)and coxsackievirus A16(CV-A16).EV-71 was found to be predominant among severe and fatal cases.Initiated from 2015,three inactivated monovalent EV-71 vaccines were licensed in China and proved with high protective efficacy against HFMD caused by EV-71 but no cross-protection for non-EV-71 serotypes,[2]and the EVs exhibit highly geographical diversity and serotype diversity.Recently,concerns have raised for the outbreaks of CV-A6 and CV-A10 with severe cases,as well as emerging of rare serotypes such as echo virus 11 and echo virus 30.The inadequate coverage of vaccine protection,the geographical diversity,and changing spectrum of HFMD etiology still challenge the comprehensive HFMD prevention and control in China.Information regarding the broad feature of HFMD epidemiology,and the shifting of viral genetic diversity and evolution dynamic as EV-71 vaccination progressing,are still limited.Thus,we conducted a comprehensive retrospective analysis on the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of HFMD in Sichuan Province from 2014 to 2019 before and after the introduction of EV-71 vaccines,which was expected to help better HFMD prevention and control in this area.
基金supported by the Emergency Project from the Science&Technology Commission of Chongqing(cstc2020jscx-fyzx0078)Health Committee of Chongqing(2020NCPZX11).
文摘Convalescent plasma(CP)transfusion has been indicated as a promising therapy in the treatment for other emerging viral infections.However,the quality control of CP and individual variation in patients in different studies make it rather difficult to evaluate the efficacy and risk of CP therapy for coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).We aimed to explore the potential efficacy of CP therapy,and to assess the possible factors associated with its efficacy.We enrolled eight critical or severe COVID-19 patients from four centers.Each patient was transfused with 200–400mL of CP from seven recovered donors.The primary indicators for clinical efficacy assessment were the changes of clinical symptoms,laboratory parameters,and radiological image after CP transfusion.CP donors had a wide range of antibody levels measured by serology tests which were to some degree correlated with the neutralizing antibody(NAb)level.No adverse events were observed during and after CP transfusion.Following CP transfusion,six out of eight patients showed improved oxygen support status;chest CT indicated varying degrees of absorption of pulmonary lesions in six patients within 8 days;the viral load was decreased to a negative level in five patients who had the previous viremia;other laboratory parameters also tended to improve,including increased lymphocyte counts,decreased C-reactive protein,procalcitonin,and indicators for liver function.The clinical efficacy might be associated with CP transfusion time,transfused dose,and the NAb levels of CP.This study indicated that CP might be a potential therapy for severe patients with COVID-19.