Kidney transplantation is the best replacement treatment for the end-stage renal disease.Currently,the imbalance between the number of patients on a transplant list and the number of organs available constitutes the c...Kidney transplantation is the best replacement treatment for the end-stage renal disease.Currently,the imbalance between the number of patients on a transplant list and the number of organs available constitutes the crucial limitation of this approach.To expand the pool of organs amenable for transplantation,kidneys coming from older patients have been employed;however,the combination of these organs in conjunction with the chronic use of immunosuppressive therapy increases the risk of incidence of graft small renal tumors.This narrative review aims to provide the state of the art on the clinical impact and management of incidentally diagnosed small renal tumors in either donors or recipients.According to the most updated evidence,the use of grafts with a small renal mass,after bench table tumor excision,may be considered a safe option for high-risk patients in hemodialysis.On the other hand,an early small renal mass finding on periodic ultrasound-evaluation in the graft should allow to perform a conservative treatment in order to preserve renal function.Finally,in case of a renal tumor in native kidney,a radical nephrectomy is usually recommended.展开更多
The hair follicle is a biological oscillator that alternates growth,regression,and rest phases driven by the sequential activation of the proliferation differentiation programs of resident stem cell populations.The ac...The hair follicle is a biological oscillator that alternates growth,regression,and rest phases driven by the sequential activation of the proliferation differentiation programs of resident stem cell populations.The activation of hair follicle stem cell niches and subsequent entry into the growing phase is mainly regulated by Wnt/β-catenin signalling,while regression and resting phases are mainly regulated by Tgf-β/Bmp/Smad activity.A major question still unresolved is the nature of the molecular switch that dictates the coordinated transition between both signalling pathways.Here we have focused on the role of Endoglin(Eng),a key co-receptor for members of the Tgf-β/Bmp family of growth factors.Using an Eng haploinsufficient mouse model,we report that Eng is required to maintain a correct follicle cycling pattern and for an adequate stimulation of hair follicle stem cell niches.We further report thatβ-catenin binds to the Eng promoter depending on Bmp signalling.Moreover,we show thatβ-catenin interacts with Smad4 in a Bmp/Eng-dependent context and both proteins act synergistically to activate Eng promoter transcription.These observations point to the existence of a growth/rest switching mechanism in the hair follicle that is based on an Eng-dependent feedback cross-talk between Wnt/β-catenin and Bmp/Smad signals.展开更多
文摘Kidney transplantation is the best replacement treatment for the end-stage renal disease.Currently,the imbalance between the number of patients on a transplant list and the number of organs available constitutes the crucial limitation of this approach.To expand the pool of organs amenable for transplantation,kidneys coming from older patients have been employed;however,the combination of these organs in conjunction with the chronic use of immunosuppressive therapy increases the risk of incidence of graft small renal tumors.This narrative review aims to provide the state of the art on the clinical impact and management of incidentally diagnosed small renal tumors in either donors or recipients.According to the most updated evidence,the use of grafts with a small renal mass,after bench table tumor excision,may be considered a safe option for high-risk patients in hemodialysis.On the other hand,an early small renal mass finding on periodic ultrasound-evaluation in the graft should allow to perform a conservative treatment in order to preserve renal function.Finally,in case of a renal tumor in native kidney,a radical nephrectomy is usually recommended.
文摘The hair follicle is a biological oscillator that alternates growth,regression,and rest phases driven by the sequential activation of the proliferation differentiation programs of resident stem cell populations.The activation of hair follicle stem cell niches and subsequent entry into the growing phase is mainly regulated by Wnt/β-catenin signalling,while regression and resting phases are mainly regulated by Tgf-β/Bmp/Smad activity.A major question still unresolved is the nature of the molecular switch that dictates the coordinated transition between both signalling pathways.Here we have focused on the role of Endoglin(Eng),a key co-receptor for members of the Tgf-β/Bmp family of growth factors.Using an Eng haploinsufficient mouse model,we report that Eng is required to maintain a correct follicle cycling pattern and for an adequate stimulation of hair follicle stem cell niches.We further report thatβ-catenin binds to the Eng promoter depending on Bmp signalling.Moreover,we show thatβ-catenin interacts with Smad4 in a Bmp/Eng-dependent context and both proteins act synergistically to activate Eng promoter transcription.These observations point to the existence of a growth/rest switching mechanism in the hair follicle that is based on an Eng-dependent feedback cross-talk between Wnt/β-catenin and Bmp/Smad signals.