This paper shows detailed steps for modeling a quadcopter with Euler-Lagrange equations, followed by controlling it with intelligent control that includes states decoupling. In addition, this control shows non-convent...This paper shows detailed steps for modeling a quadcopter with Euler-Lagrange equations, followed by controlling it with intelligent control that includes states decoupling. In addition, this control shows non-conventional membership functions for the most instable states, in order to get a fast and effective response.展开更多
Recently, a number of studies have focused on micro-manufacturing processes, which find use in a variety of applications, including the production of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). The process of ablation in m...Recently, a number of studies have focused on micro-manufacturing processes, which find use in a variety of applications, including the production of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). The process of ablation in materials is mainly governed by the laser source and scanning speed. The rate of material ablation is influenced by chemical and physical properties. In this work, the energy from a CO<sub>2</sub> laser was used to ablate three different materials, namely, stainless steel 304L, a thin film of amorphous aluminum oxide (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>), and pure silicon, due to their wide use in MEMS technology. The laser parameters used were an average power of 18 W and a spot size of 200 μm. The maximum depth during the photomechanical ablation process was 72 μm in the case of 304L steel and 77 μm in the case of the Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> thin film for a scan rate of 24 mm/min. However, at the same scan rate, silicon did not exhibit any penetration. As expected, while increasing scanning speed the ablation depth decreases due to reduced interaction time between laser and material. The theoretical ytterbium fiber laser shown in this study can thus be employed in the manufacturing of a wide variety of materials used in the production of MEMS as well as those used in clean energy technologies.展开更多
This article describes a study on a non-thermal plasma device to treat exhaust gases in an internal combustion engine. Several tests using a plasma device to treat exhaust gases are conducted on a Honda GX200- 196 cm3...This article describes a study on a non-thermal plasma device to treat exhaust gases in an internal combustion engine. Several tests using a plasma device to treat exhaust gases are conducted on a Honda GX200- 196 cm3 engine at different rotational speeds. A plasma reactor could be efficient in degrading nitrogen oxides and particulate matter. Monoxide and carbon dioxide treatment is minimal. However, achieving 1%-3% degradation may be interesting to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases.展开更多
文摘This paper shows detailed steps for modeling a quadcopter with Euler-Lagrange equations, followed by controlling it with intelligent control that includes states decoupling. In addition, this control shows non-conventional membership functions for the most instable states, in order to get a fast and effective response.
文摘Recently, a number of studies have focused on micro-manufacturing processes, which find use in a variety of applications, including the production of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). The process of ablation in materials is mainly governed by the laser source and scanning speed. The rate of material ablation is influenced by chemical and physical properties. In this work, the energy from a CO<sub>2</sub> laser was used to ablate three different materials, namely, stainless steel 304L, a thin film of amorphous aluminum oxide (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>), and pure silicon, due to their wide use in MEMS technology. The laser parameters used were an average power of 18 W and a spot size of 200 μm. The maximum depth during the photomechanical ablation process was 72 μm in the case of 304L steel and 77 μm in the case of the Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> thin film for a scan rate of 24 mm/min. However, at the same scan rate, silicon did not exhibit any penetration. As expected, while increasing scanning speed the ablation depth decreases due to reduced interaction time between laser and material. The theoretical ytterbium fiber laser shown in this study can thus be employed in the manufacturing of a wide variety of materials used in the production of MEMS as well as those used in clean energy technologies.
文摘This article describes a study on a non-thermal plasma device to treat exhaust gases in an internal combustion engine. Several tests using a plasma device to treat exhaust gases are conducted on a Honda GX200- 196 cm3 engine at different rotational speeds. A plasma reactor could be efficient in degrading nitrogen oxides and particulate matter. Monoxide and carbon dioxide treatment is minimal. However, achieving 1%-3% degradation may be interesting to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases.
