In the design and planning of next-generation Internet of Things(IoT),telecommunication,and satellite communication systems,controller placement is crucial in software-defined networking(SDN).The programmability of th...In the design and planning of next-generation Internet of Things(IoT),telecommunication,and satellite communication systems,controller placement is crucial in software-defined networking(SDN).The programmability of the SDN controller is sophisticated for the centralized control system of the entire network.Nevertheless,it creates a significant loophole for the manifestation of a distributed denial of service(DDoS)attack straightforwardly.Furthermore,recently a Distributed Reflected Denial of Service(DRDoS)attack,an unusual DDoS attack,has been detected.However,minimal deliberation has given to this forthcoming single point of SDN infrastructure failure problem.Moreover,recently the high frequencies of DDoS attacks have increased dramatically.In this paper,a smart algorithm for planning SDN smart backup controllers under DDoS attack scenarios has proposed.Our proposed smart algorithm can recommend single or multiple smart backup controllers in the event of DDoS occurrence.The obtained simulated results demonstrate that the validation of the proposed algorithm and the performance analysis achieved 99.99%accuracy in placing the smart backup controller under DDoS attacks within 0.125 to 46508.7 s in SDN.展开更多
A four-element compact dual-band patch antenna having a common ground plane operating at 28/38 GHz is proposed formillimeter-wave communication systems in this paper.Themultiple-input-multiple-output(MIMO)antenna geom...A four-element compact dual-band patch antenna having a common ground plane operating at 28/38 GHz is proposed formillimeter-wave communication systems in this paper.Themultiple-input-multiple-output(MIMO)antenna geometry consists of a slotted ellipse enclosed within a hollow circle which is orthogonally rotated with a connected partial ground at the back.The overall size of the four elements MIMO antenna is 2.24λ×2.24λ(at 27.12GHz).The prototype of four-element MIMOresonator is designed and printed using Rogers RTDuroid 5880 withε_(r)=2.2 and loss tangent=0.0009 and having a thickness of 0.8 mm.It covers dual-band having a fractional bandwidth of 15.7%(27.12-31.34 GHz)and 4.2%(37.21-38.81 GHz)for millimeter-wave applications with a gain of more than 4 dBi at both bands.The proposed antenna analysis in terms ofMIMOdiversity parameters(Envelope Correlation Coefficient(ECC)and Diversity Gain(DG))is also carried out.The experimental result in terms of reflection coefficient,radiation pattern,gain and MIMOdiversity parameter correlates very well with the simulated ones that show the potential of the proposed design for MIMO applications at millimeter-wave frequencies.展开更多
基金TM R&D Sdn Bhd fully supports this research work under Project RDTC160902.S.C.Tan and Z.Yusoff received the fund.Sponsors’Website:https://www.tmrnd.com.my.
文摘In the design and planning of next-generation Internet of Things(IoT),telecommunication,and satellite communication systems,controller placement is crucial in software-defined networking(SDN).The programmability of the SDN controller is sophisticated for the centralized control system of the entire network.Nevertheless,it creates a significant loophole for the manifestation of a distributed denial of service(DDoS)attack straightforwardly.Furthermore,recently a Distributed Reflected Denial of Service(DRDoS)attack,an unusual DDoS attack,has been detected.However,minimal deliberation has given to this forthcoming single point of SDN infrastructure failure problem.Moreover,recently the high frequencies of DDoS attacks have increased dramatically.In this paper,a smart algorithm for planning SDN smart backup controllers under DDoS attack scenarios has proposed.Our proposed smart algorithm can recommend single or multiple smart backup controllers in the event of DDoS occurrence.The obtained simulated results demonstrate that the validation of the proposed algorithm and the performance analysis achieved 99.99%accuracy in placing the smart backup controller under DDoS attacks within 0.125 to 46508.7 s in SDN.
基金This work is supported by the Moore4Medical Project,funded within ECSEL JU in collaboration with the EU H2020 Framework Programme(H2020/2014-2020)under Grant Agreement H2020-ECSEL-2019-IA-876190Fundacao para a Ciência eTecnologia(ECSEL/0006/2019)This work is also funded by the FCT/MEC through national funds and when applicable co-financed by the ERDF,under the PT2020 Partnership Agreement under the UID/EEA/50008/2020 Project.
文摘A four-element compact dual-band patch antenna having a common ground plane operating at 28/38 GHz is proposed formillimeter-wave communication systems in this paper.Themultiple-input-multiple-output(MIMO)antenna geometry consists of a slotted ellipse enclosed within a hollow circle which is orthogonally rotated with a connected partial ground at the back.The overall size of the four elements MIMO antenna is 2.24λ×2.24λ(at 27.12GHz).The prototype of four-element MIMOresonator is designed and printed using Rogers RTDuroid 5880 withε_(r)=2.2 and loss tangent=0.0009 and having a thickness of 0.8 mm.It covers dual-band having a fractional bandwidth of 15.7%(27.12-31.34 GHz)and 4.2%(37.21-38.81 GHz)for millimeter-wave applications with a gain of more than 4 dBi at both bands.The proposed antenna analysis in terms ofMIMOdiversity parameters(Envelope Correlation Coefficient(ECC)and Diversity Gain(DG))is also carried out.The experimental result in terms of reflection coefficient,radiation pattern,gain and MIMOdiversity parameter correlates very well with the simulated ones that show the potential of the proposed design for MIMO applications at millimeter-wave frequencies.
