AI in Chemical Engineering: A New Chapter of Innovation

The integration of artificial intelli-gence(AI)into chemical engineering marks a transformative era,redefin-ing traditional methodologies with AI-driven approaches.AI has emerged as a powerful ally in tackling complex problems once considered insur-mountable.As chemical engineering grapples with increasingly complex systems and stringent sustainability targets,AI sets the stage for a new generation of solutions.

Corrigendum to “Increasing the greenness of an organic acid through deep eutectic solvation and further polymerisation” [Green Energy & Environ 7 (4) (August 2022) 840–853]

The authors regret that the name of the ethic committee that approved the study and the reference number was omitted from the published paper.In this research,all animal experiments were performed in accordance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals(US National Institutes of Healh)and were approved by the Animal Welfare and Ethical Committee of Hebei University(No.IACUC-2020XG021,Baoding,China).

安全网络数学计算协议(英文)

讨论了网络数学计算框架 IAMC的安全性问题,给出了一个用安全协议 SSL/TIS提高数学计算协议MCP安全性的实现方案.改进后的网络数学计算框架可有效地提供计算数据的机密性、完整性和用户认证等安全功能.

Antagonistic Potential against Pathogenic Microorganisms and Hydrogen Peroxide Production of Indigenous Lactobacilli Isolated from Vagina of Chinese Pregnant Women

Objective To investigate the indigenous lactobacilli from the vagina of pregnant women and to screen the isolates with antagonistic potential against pathogenic microorganisms. Methods The strains were isolated from pregnant women＇s vagina and identified using the API50CH system. The ability of the isolates to produce hydrogen peroxide was analyzed semi-quantitatively using the TMB-HRP-MRS agar. The antagonistic effects of the isolates on pathogenic microorganisms were determined with a double layer agar plate. Results One hundred and three lactobacilli strains were isolated from 60 samples of vaginal secretion from healthy pregnant women. Among them, 78 strains could produce hydrogen peroxide, in which 68%, 80%, 80%, and 88% had antagonistic effects against Candida albicans CMCC98001, Staphylococcus aureus CMCC26003, Escherichia coli CMCC44113, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa CMCC10110, respectively. Conclusion The recovery of hydrogen peroxide-producing lactobacilli decreases with the increasing pregnant age and time. The most commonly isolated species from vagina of Chinese pregnant women are Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus crispatus. Most of L. acidophilus and L. crispatus produce a high H2O2 level.

China’s Manufacturing Sector,Industrialization and Economic Globalization

By analyzing the development and industrialization of China’s manufacturing industry since reform and opening-up,this paper proposes China has played three roles in economic globalization-as an in-depth participant in specialization of the global manufacturing value chain,as an active facilitator of global inclusive and sustainable industrialization,and as a cooperative innovator in the new industrial revolution.It is significant for comprehensively understanding the role of China in economic globalization.

Arbitrary frequency stabilization of a diode laser based on visual Labview PID VI and sound card output

We report a robust method of directly stabilizing a grating feedback diode laser to an arbitrary frequency in a large range. The error signal, induced from the difference between the frequency measured by a wavelength meter and the preset target frequency, is fed back to the piezoelectric transducer module of the diode laser via a sound card in the computer. A visual Labview procedure is developed to realize a feedback system. In our experiment the frequency drift of the diode laser is reduced to 8 MHz within 25 min. The robust scheme can be adapted to realize the arbitrary frequency stabilization for many other kinds of lasers.

Modeling the carbon dynamics of alpine grassland in the Qinghai-TibetanPlateau under scenarios of 1.5 and 2 ℃ global warming

Alpine grassland occupies two-thirds of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). It is vital to project changes of this vulnerable ecosystem under different climate change scenarios before taking any mitigation or adaptation measures. In this study, we used a process-based ecosystem model, driven with output from global circulation models under different Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs), to project the carbon dynamics of alpine grassland. The results showed the following: 1) Vegetation carbon (C) on the QTP increased by 22—38 gC m^-2 during periods of 1.5 and 2 ℃ warming under different RCPs when compared to the baseline period (1981—2006), while soil C increased by 85—122 gC m^-2. 2) The increases of vegetation C and soil C at the period of 1.5 ℃ warming were about 15 gC m^-2 and 40 gC m^-2 smaller than those at the period of 2 ℃ warming, respectively;increase of C was greater for alpine meadow than for alpine steppe. 3) Precipitation, radiation, and permafrost changed significantly and showed heterogeneous spatial patterns, and caused heterogeneous response of C dynamics. For alpine meadow in regions transformed from permafrost to seasonally frozen soil with medium annual precipitation (200—400 mm), vegetation C and net primary production decreased by 18.7 gC m-2 and 3.1 gC m^-2 per year during 2 °C warming under RCP 4.5, respectively. This decrease can be attributed to the disappearing impermeable permafrost. Different from previous studies that indicated an unfavorable response of alpine grassland to climate warming, this study showed a relatively favorable response, which is mainly attributed to C 0 2 fertilization.

ADSORPTION OF H_2PtCl_6 ON ALUMINA

The adsorption kinetics and equilibrium of H2PtCl6 on various types of alumina were studied,and IRSand DRS were used to characterize these supports before and after impregnating with H2PtCl6 solution.Thedata indicated that the uptake of H2PtCl6 on supports strongly depends on the Lewis acidity of alumina andthat the adsorption rate is controlled by pore diffusion for supports of high adsorption capacity.Relationshipbetween uptake and acidity is interpreted in terms of active hydroxyl groups on alumina.

Status of Rare Earths for Agriculture in China

Rare Earths (RE) for agriculture is a very typical application and has already brought good economic benefit to Chinese agriculture and farmers.In this paper, the origin, development, status and the future of RE for agriculture in China were discussed.Firstly, through the researches of RE in the fields of physiological activity, physiological and biochemical mechanism, sanitation toxicology and environment security in 1980's, RE has been extended more widely in agriculture, such as crops, vegetables, forest, wood grass and stock breeding, such as cattle, fish and chicken.Secondly, with using of new techniques that were developed in the "State Ninth Five-Year Plan", the utilization area of RE was expanded to broad agricultural space, such as sunlight converting plastic film, RE fertilizer, RE drought resistant and RE water saving materials and new RE top dressing fertilizer.Thirdly, with the development of the nanometer materials, the techniques and process of nanometer RE materials were focused.Around these kinds of materials, the new seed cover matters, new seed mixed matter and new nanometer fertilizer will appear in the near future, and will produce many updated techniques and improve a new round RE application in agriculture.

Waist Circumference of the Elderly over 65 Years Old in China Increased Gradually from 1993 to 2015: A Cohort Study

Objective This study aimed to analyze the temporal trends and characteristics associated with waist circumference(WC)among elderly Chinese people.Methods We used data from 3,096 adults≥65 years who participated in the China Health and Nutrition Survey(CHNS),an ongoing cohort study,between 1993 and 2015.We used longitudinal quantile regression models to explore the temporal trends and characteristics associated with WC.Results WC increased gradually among the elderly Chinese population during the survey.The WC curves shifted to the right with wider distributions and lower peaks in men and women.All WC percentile curves shifted upward with similar growth rates in the 25th,50th,and 75th percentiles.The WC means increased from 78 cm to 86 cm during the 22 years of our study.WC significantly increased with age and body mass index and decreased with physical activity(PA).These associations were stronger in the higher percentiles than in the lower percentiles.Conclusions WC is rising among Chinese adults≥65 years.Factors affecting WC in elderly people may have different effects on different percentiles of the WC distribution,and PA was the most important protective factor in the higher percentiles of the WC distribution.Thus,different interventional strategies are needed.

Source,Characterization of Indoor Dust PAHs and the Health Risk on Chinese Children

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in indoor dust are one of the common exposure sources for children worldwide.The aim of this study is to explore PAHs pollution status in indoor dust and estimate health risk on Chinese children with big data.Weighted average concentration was used to analyze source and characterization of PAHs in indoor dust based on peer=reviewed literature.According to specific inclusion crteria,17 studies were included finally to analyze weighted average concentration.The national average concentration of ∑_(16)PAHs was approximately 25.696 ug/g.The highest concentration of ∑_(16)AHs was in Shanxi(2111.667 ug/g),and the lowest was in Hong Kong(1.505 μg/g).The concentrations in Shanxi and Guangdong were higher than national level and the over standard rate was 18.18%.The concentrations of individual PAHs varied greatly across the country,and Flu in Shanxi was the highest(189.400 μg/g).The sources of PAHs varied in different regions and combustion processes played a leading role.PAHs exposure through ingestion and dermal contact was more carcinogenic than inhalation.The incremental lifetime cancer risk model indicated that children lived in Shanxi were found in the highest health risk coupled with the highest BaPE concentration(54.074μg/g).Although PAHs concentrations of indoor dust showed a downward trend from 2005 to 2018,indoor environmental sanitation should be improved with multidisciplinary efforts.Health standard should be possibly established to minimize children exposure to PAHs in indoor dust in China.

Evidence of the existence of paleo reservoirs in Laoshan Uplift of the South Yellow Sea Basin

1.Objectives The study of the paleo-reservoir is of great significance for oil and gas exploration.Firstly,the existence of paleoreservoirs can reflect there has been hydrocarbon accumulation process in this area,where there once was the advantageous condition with source-reservoir-cap combination;secondly,it can indicate that this area has certain resource potential.The purpose of this research is: through the study of the paleo-reservoir of CSDP-2 well in the Laoshan uplift of the South Yellow Sea Basin,which is a scientific investigation well,it can provide geological basis for marine oil and gas exploration of the Mesozoic and Paleozoic in the Laoshan uplift of the South Yellow Sea Basin,and at the same time can provide important information for future exploration target selection.

Efficacy of contrast-enhanced ultrasound-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy in anterior mediastinal masses

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of percutaneous core needle biopsy(PCNB)using ultrasound(US)-guided and contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS)-guided procedures for anterior mediastinal masses(AMMs).Methods:In total,284 consecutive patients(166 men,118 women;mean age,43.0±18.4 years)who underwent PCNB for AMMs were enrolled.Patients were divided into the US-guided group(n=133)and the CEUS-guided group(n=151).PCNB was performed using a core needle(16-gauge or 18-gauge).Internal necrosis,diagnostic yield,and diagnostic accuracy were compared between the two groups.Results:The predominant final diagnosis of the cases in this study was thymoma(29.7%),lymphoma(20.5%),thymic carcinoma(13.3%),and germ cell tumour(13.3%),respectively.There was no significant difference in patient age,sex,number of percutaneous biopsies,or display rate of internal necrosis on conventional US between the two groups.The rate of internal necrosis of the lesions was significantly higher after contrast agent injection(72.2%vs.41.7%;P<0.001).The CEUS-guided group had a higher diagnostic yield than the US-guided group(100%vs.89.5%,P<0.001).There was no significant difference between the diagnostic accuracy of the CEUSguided and US-guided groups(97.3%vs.97.4%;P=1.000).None of the patients experienced adverse reactions or complications after US-guided or CEUS-guided PCNB.Conclusions:CEUS-guided PCNB can improve the diagnostic yield by optimizing the biopsy procedure.

Genotype-dependent activation or repression of HBV enhancer Ⅱ by transcription factor COUP-TF1

AIM: To study the expression of HBV enhancer Ⅱ by transcription factor COUP-TF1. METHODS: In order to study the regulation of HBV variants in the vicinity of the NRRE we cloned luciferase constructs containing the HBV enhancer Ⅱ from variants and from HBV genotypes A and D and cotransfected them together with expression vectors for COUP-TF1 into HepG2 cells. RESULTS: Our fi ndings show that enhancer Ⅱ of HBV genotype A is also repressed by COUP-TF1. In contrast, two different enhancer Ⅱ constructs of HBV genotype D were activated by COUP-TF1. The activation was independent of the NRRE because a natural variant with a deletion of nt 1763-1770 was still activated by COUP- TF1. CONCLUSION: Regulation of transcription of the HBV genome seems to differ among HBV genomes derived from different genotypes. These differences in transcriptional control among HBV genotypes may be the molecular basis for differences in the clinical course among HBV genotypes.

Nitrogen Management Evaluated by Models Combined with GIS-A Case Study of Jiangsu Croplands,China,in 2000

The objective of this study is to provide scientific guidance for optimizing agricultural field nitrogen management that is based on the evaluation of current nitrogen application practice in Jiangsu Province, China, in 2000. The agricultural nitrogen models, consist of the soil mineralization model, the organic manure nitrogen releasing model, and the nitrogenous fertilizer use efficiency model. These models combined with the geographic information system technique were used to describe the spatial variability of nitrogen released from soil and organic manure and to identify its contributing factors. The comparison of the nitrogen fertilizer amount required by croplands, which was simulated by the models with the actual nitrogen fertilizer applied rate, was used to evaluate the current nitrogen application. The results showed that nitrogen was excessively applied in 71.8% croplands, given that the actual crop yield was desired. The excessive nitrogen amounted to 760 kiloton, accounting for 41.5% of the total nitrogen applied. Given that the actual highest yield was desired, nitrogen was reduced in 64.3% croplands. The total shortage of nitrogen was about 800 kiloton. Low use efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer was found in Taihu Lake area, Nanjing-Zhenjiang hilly area, and Xuzhou area, whereas the east beach area of Jiangsu showed an obvious deficiency of nitrogen fertilizer inputs. A balance of nitrogen fertilizer in Jiangsu croplands between excessive and deficient application areas would greatly benefit economic and environmental advantages.

阿斯匹林预防心血管疾病的剂量系统综述

背景：为了长期预防心血管疾病，目前美国有5千万以上的成年人定期服用阿斯匹林，所用剂量通常为81mg／d或325mg／d。关于长期服用阿斯匹林的最佳剂量目前仍有争议。 目的：复习阿斯匹林的作用机制，对论述阿斯匹林剂量、效果和安全性相互关系的临床文献进行系统回顾。证据获取：使用MEDLINE和EMBASE（至2007年2月）对相关英文文献进行系统回顾。所用检索词为：阿斯匹林或乙酰水杨酸和剂量。检索限于临床试验，通过审查相关原始资料报告和综述文章的参考文献进一步扩展检索范围。已发表的关于心血管患者使用不同剂量阿斯匹林的前瞻性研究亦纳入分析。 证据综合：尽管药理学数据证实长期服用30mg／d阿斯匹林足以充分抑制血小板血栓烷生成，但是目前批准使用的剂量高达1300mg／d。在美国，最常采用的剂量为81mg／d（60％），其次为325mg／d（35％）。现有证据（主要来自二级预防观察研究）支持下述观点：阿斯匹林剂量大于75至80mg／d并不提高疗效，更大剂量反而增加出血事件发生率，后者主要与胃肠道毒性有关。 结论：对于心血管疾病的预防，现有临床数据并不支持常规、长期使用大于75～81mg／d剂量阿斯匹林。较高剂量的阿斯匹林虽然常用，但是并不能更好地预防心血管事件，而且发生胃肠道出血的危险增加。

建筑企业竞争力的综合评价

根据我国建筑企业的特点，在分析了影响建筑企业竞争力的因素基础上给出了建筑企业竞争力综合评价的指标体系，介绍了建筑企业竞争力综合评价的方法，并提出了提高建筑企业竞争力的途径。

A NEW DESIGN OF THE S.S.P.F. SCREW

The new design screw of the S.S.P.F. is better than the old.

基于连续冷却膨胀曲线的42CrMo4钢等温转变图的计算

TTT(温度-时间-相变)图通常是预测钢热处理后的力学性能所必需的。等温相变动力学受奥氏体化条件和变形工艺的影响。由于热锻和热处理一体化工艺流程的要求,钢通常在淬火前经历了较高温度的奥氏体化和变形。现有文献中TTT图是在限定的奥氏体化温度下获得的,并且不考虑变形程度的差异。相应TTT图的测定既昂贵又耗时,而且低合金钢的等温转变非常快,无法使用简单的膨胀仪进行测量。本文对1200℃奥氏体化和不同变形量的42CrMo4钢进行了连续冷却条件下的膨胀试验,并利用Buza和Rios提出的方法计算其TTT图。

QoS aware routing and wavelength allocation in optical burst switching networks using differential evolution optimization

The issue of burst losses imposes a constraint on the development of Optical Burst Switching （OBS） networks. Heavy burst losses strongly affect the Quality of Service （QoS） intended by end users. This article presents a QoS aware Routing and Wavelength Allocation （RWA） technique for burst switching in OBS networks. The RWA problem is modeled as a bi-objective Integer Linear Programming （ILP） problem, where objective functions are based on minimizing the number of wavelengths used and the number of hops traversed to fulfill the burst transmission requests for a given set of node pairs. The ILP model is solved using a novel approach based on a Differential Evolution （DE） algorithm. Analytical results show that the DE algorithm provides a better performance compared to shortest path routing, which is a widely accepted routing strategy for OBS networks.