Holographic Gas as Dark Energy

我们调查 holographic 气体的统计性质，它可以代表一个强烈相关的重力的系统的伪粒子刺激。我们发现 holographic 熵能被修改退化获得。我们计算 thermodynamical 数量并且调查 holographic 气体的稳定性。当适用于宇宙论时，我们发现 holographic 气体在 holographic 黑暗精力作为 holographic 黑暗精力，和参数 c 表现能从我们的模型被计算。我们 holographic 气体的模型通常预言 c 【 1，暗示我们的宇宙的命运是像幽灵的。

Ideal Spin Hydrodynamics from the Wigner Function Approach

Based on the Wigner function in local equilibrium, we derive hydrodynamical quantities for a system of polarized spin-1/2 particles: the particle number current density, the energy-momentum tensor, the spin tensor, and the dipole moment tensor. Compared with ideal hydrodynamics without spin, additional terms at the first and second orders in the Knudsen number Κ_(n) and the average spin polarization Χ_(s) have been derived. The Wigner function can be expressed in terms of matrix-valued distributions, whose equilibrium forms are characterized by thermodynamical parameters in quantum statistics. The equations of motion for these parameters are derived by conservation laws at the leading and next-to-leading order Κ_(n) and Χ_(s).

Noncommutative Chern-Simons Description of the Fractional Quantum Hall Edge

Noncommutative Chern-Simons (NCCS ) 理论是为部分量霍尔液体的可使用的描述。我们与一个边把 NCCS 理论用于并且概括身体上重要的盒子。从重新标记电子的对称和液体的不可压缩性，我们获得限制并且把二维的 NCCS 理论归结为一个一个维的 chiral Tomonaga-Luttinger 液体理论，它包含另外的相互作用术语。进一步，我们计算一个环修正到波色子和电子增殖者并且获得一个新通道代表，它同意实验。[从作者抽象]

Entropy Bound Derived from the New Thermodynamics on Holographic Screen

We introduce a new interpretation of chemical potential and show that holographic entropy is entropybound,which is supported by two ideal cases discussed in detail.One is sparse but incompressible liquid like a star ofuniform density and the other is a screen at infinity in spherically symmetric spacetime.Our work is based on the newscenario of entropy force and holographic thermodynamics,and the Brown-York quasi-local energy.

Hall Effects on Unsteady Magnetohydrodynamic Flow of a Third Grade Fluid

The unsteady magnetohydrodynamic flow of an electrically conducting viscous incompressible third grade fluid bounded by an infinite porous plate is studied with the Hall effect. An external uniform magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the plate and the fluid motion is subjected to a uniform suction and injection. Similarity transformations are employed to reduce the non-linear equations governing the flow under discussion to two ordinary differential equations （with and without dispersion terms）. Using the finite difference scheme, numerical solutions represented by graphs with reference to the various involved parameters of interest are discussed and appropriate conclusions are drawn.

Hall Conductivity in the Cosmic Defect and Dislocation Spacetime

Influences of topological defect and dislocation on conductivity behavior of charge carriers in external electromagnetic fields are studied. Particularly the quantum Hall effect is investigated in detail. It is found that the nontrivial deformations of spacetime due to topological defect and dislocation produce an electric current at the leading order of perturbation theory. This current then induces a deformation on the Hall conductivity. The corrections on the Hall conductivity depend on the external electric fields, the size of the sample and the momentum of the particle.

Constraints on ultracompact minihalos using neutrino signals from gravitino dark matter decay

Ultracompact dark matter minihalos （UCMHs） would be formed during the early universe if there were large density perturbations. If dark matter can decay into particles described by the standard model, such as neutrinos, these objects would become potential astrophysical sources of emission which could be detected by in- struments such as IceCube. In this paper, we investigate neutrino signals from nearby UCMHs due to gravitino dark matter decay and compare these signals with the back- ground neutrino flux which is mainly from the atmosphere to obtain constraints on the abundance of UCMHs.

Boson star superradiance

Recently,it has been realized that in some systems internal space rotation can induce energy amplification for scattered waves,similar to rotation in real space.In particularly,it has been shown that energy extraction is possible for a Q-ball,a stationary non-topological soliton that is coherently rotating in its field space.In this paper,we generalize the analysis to the case of boson stars,and show that the same energy extraction mechanism still works for boson stars.

A new entropic force scenario and holographic thermodynamics

We propose a new holographic program of gravity in which we introduce a surface stress tensor.Our proposal differs from Verlinde's in several aspects.First,we use an open or a closed screen.Second,the temperature is not necessary,but a surface energy density and pressure are introduced.The surface stress tensor is proportional to the extrinsic curvature.Third,the energy we use is Brown-York energy and the equipartition theorem is violated by a non-vanishing surface pressure.We discuss holographic thermodynamics of a gas of weak gravity and find a chemical potential,and then show that Verlinde's program does not lead to reasonable thermodynamics.The holographic entropy is similar to the Bekenstein entropy bound.

Backward Compton scattering and QED with noncommutative plane in the strong uniform magnetic field

In the strong uniform magnetic field, the noncommutative plane （NCP） caused by the lowest Landau level （LLL） effect, and QED with NCP （QED-NCP） are studied. Being similar to the condensed matter theory of quantum Hall effect, an effective filling factor f（B） is introduced to characterize the possibility that the electrons stay on the LLL. The analytic and numerical results of the differential cross section for the process of backward Compton scattering in accelerator with unpolarized or polarized initial photons are calculated. The existing data of BL38B2 in Spring-8 have been analyzed roughly and compared with the numerical predictions primitively. We propose a precise measurement of the differential cross sections of backward Compton scattering in a strong perpendicular magnetic field, which may reveal the effects of NCP.

Evidence for special relativity with de Sitter space-time symmetry

I show the formulation of de Sitter Special Relativity （dS-SR） based on Dirac-Lu-Zou-Guo’s discussions. dS-SR quantum mechanics is formulated, and the dS-SR Dirac equation for hydrogen is suggested. The equation in the earth-QSO framework reference is solved by means of the adiabatic approach. It’s found that the fine-structure ＂constant＂ α in dS-SR varies with time. By means of the t-z relation of the ΛCDM model, α’s time-dependency becomes redshift z-dependent. The dS-SR’s predictions of △α/α agree with data of spectra of 143 quasar absorption systems, the dS-space-time symmetry is SO（3, 2） （i.e., anti-dS group） and the universal parameter R （de Sitter ratio） in dS-SR is estimated to be R ≈ 2.73×1012 ly. The effects of dS-SR become visible at the cosmic space-time scale （i.e., the distance 109 ly）. At that scale, dS-SR is more reliable than Einstein SR. The α-variation with time is evidence of SR with de Sitter symmetry.

Conformal invariant cosmological perturbations via the covariant approach:multicomponent universe

In recent years there has been a lot of interest in discussing frame depeudences/independences of the cosmological perturbations under the conforlnal transformations. This problem has previously been investigated in Lerlns of the cow^riant approach for a single component universe, and it was found that tile covariant approach is very powerful to pick out the perturbative variables which are both gauge and conformal invariant. In this work, we extend the covariant approach to a universe with multicomponent fluids. We find that similar results can be derived, as e, xpected. In addition, some other interesting perturbations are also identified to be conformal invariant, such as entropy perturbation between two different components.

General teleparallel gravity from Finsler geometry

Riemannian geometry, as a basis for general relativity, can be obtained from the more general Finsler geometry in terms of the Cartan connection and Chern connection, as discussed frequently in the literature. However, there are other gravity theories that can be made to be equivalent to general relativity but are based on non-Riemannian geometry. Famous examples are the Teleparallel and Symmetric Teleparallel gravity theories. In this paper, we show how to obtain the geometry for Teleparallel gravity from Finsler geometry in terms of a ‘Teleparallel type’ connection.

Note on rare Z-boson decays to double heavy quarkonia

Within the standard model,we have investigated rare Z-boson decays into double heavy quarkonia,Z→VV and Z→VP,with V and P denoting vector and pseudo scalar quarkonia,respectively.It is assumed that the leading-order QCD diagrams would give the dominant contributions to these processes,and the corresponding branching fractions,for instance,B(Z→J/ΨJ/Ψ),have been estimated to be approximately 10^(-13)in literature.However,these decays could also happen through electromagnetic transitions Z→Vγ^(*)and Z→Pγ^(*),with the virtual photon transforming into V.Interestingly,the smallness of the vector quarkonium mass can give rise to a large factor m_(Z)^(2)/m_(V)^(2)relative to the QCD contributions,which thus counteracts the suppression from the electromagnetic coupling.We systematically include these two types of contributions in our calculation to predict branching fractions for these decays.Particularly,owing to the virtual photon effects,it is found that B(Z→J/ΨJ/Ψ)will be significantly enhanced,up to 10^(-10).

What can we learn from the tension between PLANCK and BICEP2 data?

Recently BICEP2 collaboration has announced the detection of the primordial gravitational waves at high confidence level.In light of the results of B-modes power spectrum from BICEP2 and using the basedΛCDM,a constraint on the tensor-to-scalar ratio r=0.20+0.07-0.05(68%C.L.)can be obtained,however,this result is in apparent tension with the limit on standard inflation models from the recent PLANCK measurement,r<0.11(95%C.L.).Herein we review the recent progress on the cosmological studies after BICEP2 and discuss on different ways of reconciling the tension between PLANCK and BICEP2 data.We will discuss possible modifications on the standard cosmological model,such as including the running of scalar spectral index or other cosmological parameters correlated with inflationary cosmological parameters,or tilting the primordial power spectrum at large scales by introducing a cut off which can be predicted by bouncing cosmology.We will also comment on another possibility of generating extra B-modes of CMB polarization,namely by a non-zero polarization rotation angle during its transferring from the last scattering surface.

Dark energy： A brief review

黑暗精力的问题简短在理论、观察的方面被考察。在理论方面，黑暗精力情形被分类进对称，人类的原则，调节机制，修改严肃，量宇宙论， holographic 原则，背反应和现象学的类型。在观察方面，我们介绍宇宙的探针，联系的精力投射的黑暗，理论模型上的观察限制和模型独立人士重建。

One Electron Atom in Special Relativity with de Sitter Space-Time Symmetry(Ⅱ): ——Higher Order Contributions

This is a follow of previous work entitled "One Electron Atom in Special Relativity with de Sitter SpaceTime Symmetry" [Commun. Theor. Phys. 57(2012) 930]. In this paper, we consider the higher order calculations and contributions in the previous framework to solve one electron atoms in de Sitter invariant relativistic quantum mechanics. The next-to-leading-order calculations in 1/R2-expansions show that the fine-structure constant α is variant with cosmologic time going by in the de Sitter invariant special relativistic quantum mechanics with standard FRW cosmologic model.

One Electron Atom in Special Relativity with de Sitter Space-Time Symmetry

The de Sitter invariant Special Relativity(dS-SR) is SR with constant curvature,and a natural extension of usual Einstein SR(E-SR).In this paper,we solve the dS-SR Dirac equation of Hydrogen by means of the adiabatic approach and the quasi-stationary perturbation calculations of QM.Hydrogen atom is located in the light cone of the Universe.FRW metric and ΛCDM cosmological model are used to discuss this issue.To the atom,effects of de Sitter space-time geometry described by Beltrami metric are taken into account.The dS-SR Dirac equation turns out to be a time dependent quantum Hamiltonian system.We reveal that:(i) The fundamental physics constants m e,,e variate adiabatically along with cosmologic time in dS-SR QM framework.But the fine-structure constant α≡ e 2 /(c) keeps to be invariant;(ii)(2s 1/2-2p 1/2)-splitting due to dS-SR QM effects:By means of perturbation theory,that splitting E(z) are calculated analytically,which belongs to O(1/R 2)-physics of dS-SR QM.Numerically,we find that when |R| {10 3 Gly,10 4 Gly,10 5 Gly},and z {1,or 2},the E(z) 1(Lamb shift).This indicates that for these cases the hyperfine structure effects due to QED could be ignored,and the dS-SR fine structure effects are dominant.This effect could be used to determine the universal constant R in dS-SR,and be thought as a new physics beyond E-SR.

f(R) gravity and Maxwell equations from the holographic principle

Extending the holographic program of our previous work,we derive f(R) gravity and the Maxwell equations from the holographic principle,using time-like holographic screens.We find that to derive the Einstein equations and f(R) gravity by a natural holographic approach,the quasi-static condition is necessary.We also find the surface stress tensor and the surface electric current,surface magnetic current on a holographic screen for f(R) gravity and Maxwell's theory,respectively.

Variation of the fine-structure constant from the de Sitter invariant special relativity

We discuss the variation of the fine-structure constant, α. There are obvious discrepancies among the results of α-variation from recent Quasi-stellar observation experiments and from the Oklo uranium mine analysis. We use dS Sitter invariant Special Relativity （SRc,R） and Dirac large number hypothesis to discuss this puzzle, and present a possible solution to the disagreement. By means of the observational data and the discussions presented in this paper, we estimate the radius of the Universe in SRc,R which is about -2√5× 10^11.y.