Attaining Human Aspects to Avoid Alienation in Architecture

Architectural practice during the last century was influenced by Western architectural theories.These theories were reflections of the contradictions of human beings’lives:the result was contradictions in architecture.The research aims to launch a view of the fundamentals of what we might call Muslim architectural theory,fundamentals that can control the future of architecture.Thus,it offers a set of principles coming from Muslim thought;these principles highlight humanitarian needs to be fulfilled by architecture.This paper makes the following assumptions:(1)Re-forming architecture requires re-forming the human.(2)The interaction between the social environment on one side and the built environment on the other side achieves human comfort.(3)Principles derived from Muslim thought set up general rules that can order architectural practice.Based on these theories,this paper has a goal of crystallizing a new theory that governs present-day architecture.Thus,the paper studies human needs in architecture.Besides,it has an implementation part to explain how architecture fulfills human needs.It further shows the extent to which the built environment can satisfy those needs.The research includes thirty needs traced from Muslim thought.Consequently,the research examined the presence of these needs in one traditional Arabian house.

Preference for Wood and Plastic-Based Ceiling Panels by Homeowners in Ghana： Implications for Tropical Forests Conservation and Prospects for the Local Wood Industry

This study investigated the preference for wood and plastic-based ceiling panels by homeowners in Ghana, the implications for the conservation of tropical forests and prospects for the local wood processing industry. Questionnaire was used to solicit information from 758 homeowners sampled from three cities in Ghana. The results showed that even though wood-based panels continue to enjoy strong patronage among home owners plastic-based panels appear to be the future material for ceiling. The findings suggest that, by 2030, homeowners in Ghana will use more plastic-based ceiling panels than wood-based panels, ceteris paribus. Attractiveness, durability and pleasantness are the key attributes of plastics that influence homeowners＇ decision to patronize the material. Additionally, the concern about the depletion of forest resources in Ghana has shaped homeowners decision to patronize plastic-based ceiling panels. While the shift to the use of plastic-based panels has the potential to moderate the consumption levels of timber and therefore could contribute to the conservation of tropical forests, it has a negative implication on the development of local wood processing industry. One area where manufacturers of wood products such as wood panels can explore in order to increase or maintain the market share of wood-based panel products is sourcing raw timber from certified forests.

Architectural Design for Re-functioning Historic Ottoman Warehouses: Case Study in Istanbul

Restoration of historical buildings is important because they maintain cultural and historical continuity and transmit the cultural and social values from our precedents to future generations.Historical buildings need to adapt themselves to a changing cultural,social,economic,and political context.In this paper refunctioning project of a historic Ottoman,warehouse is presented.The aim of the project is to re-gain this historical structure for public use by re-newing it to the modern comfort level and making the required functional changes.The main structural system of the warehouse consists of thick masonry stone walls.The idea in the proposed restoration project is to build a two-story steel structure inside the available volume of the warehouse.The columns of the new steel construction run parallel to the existing structural system of the historic building and are fixed at their base to the existing building foundation.Hence,there is no connection between the proposed steel structure walls and the existing masonry walls,and this will save the historic fabric of the warehouse.The project proposal shows the details of planned restoration stages,the process of programming the new interior space,construction materials,and lighting and ventilation solutions.Furthermore,in this project,two-and threedimensional computer drawings were used.Finally,the proposed parallel steel structure is able to regain the warehouse and renew it to be used as a modern housing and workshop.

From“prototype”to“model”:Architectural and spatial development of Block A(1924—1945)of Istanbul’s Heybeliada Sanatorium

This article examines Block A,the first block-style building in Heybeliada Sanatorium in Istanbul.The purpose of this research is to understand its architectural and spatial development and discuss how in fact it was a“prototype”of Turkish sanatoria.Approached with a three-step methodology(documentation/evaluation/results)this research conducts architectural and spatial analysis on Block A.Primary sources like architectural documentation and restitution drawings,the writings of the institution’s head doctor Tevfik Ismail Gökçe,periodicals on tuberculosis(TB),as well as pertinent literature are utilized.The findings demonstrate that Block A’s development(1924—1945)was the result of knowledge transfer that introduced the universal sanatorium design principles,spatial experiments,adaptation to sociocultural norms,and trial-and-error processes.Not only it had a major impact on shaping of the second block-type building in the complex,the“model”Block B,but it also became exemplary of the subsequent Turkish sanatoria.The originality of this article is its exploration of the changing and evolving Block A in its resonation with the cultural tensions of Turkey’s modernization process.This was established via the assessment of budgetary issues,medical developments and climatic experiments,the social issue of scarcity of TB beds in the country,spatial practices to separate the sexes as reflections of local traditions and culture in the shaping of spaces.

Utilizing agro-industrial wastes panels in developing cost-efficient thermally insulating wall claddings for residential energy retrofitting in Egypt

Local agro-industrial wastes-based particleboards and fiberboards in Egypt are manufactured mainly from sugarcane-bagasse and flax shives.These panels are used in decorations and interior claddings.This paper aimed to broaden their market to be utilized in local low-cost and simple building envelope retrofitting packages in-stead of conventional packages that depend on imported expanded polystyrene and wet-rendered gypsum boards.Thermal conductivities of various existing sugarcane-bagasse and flax-shives-based panels were measured to be used in developing multilayered interior claddings with adequate thermal insulating performance to increase the thermal mass of a validated non-insulated case-study residential building as recommended by the Egyptian Code for Energy Efficiency of Residential Buildings.Models retrofitted using the developed cladding assemblies were simulated using Design Builder to determine their achieved annual energy savings and predict their profitability.Thermal conductivities of sugarcane-bagasse and flax-shives-based particleboards were lower than wood-based cladding panels,with the range of 0.05-0.1166 W/mK.Moreover,the thermal conductivities of sugarcane-bagasse fiberboard had the range of 0.0926-01,111 W/mK which is significantly lower than wood-based fiberboards.Simulation results showed that both models retrofitted,sugarcane bagasse-based and flax shives-based,achieved better energy savings,5.07%and 5.04%,than the conventionally retrofitted model,3.73%.Furthermore,the flax-shives-based model showed higher profitability,with positive income achieved in the 15th year,than a con-ventionally retrofitted model,achieved in the 20th year,and the sugarcane-bagasse-based model,achieved in the 19th year.Thus,it was recommended that although flax-shives-based wall claddings were usually 14-20%thicker than sugarcane-bagasse-based claddings,they provided similarly high annual energy savings with lower initial costs and higher profitability.

Neuroscience and architecture:What does the brain tell to an emotional experience of architecture via a functional MR study?

Environment psychologically affects individuals.According to the base of cognitive psychology,there is a direct relationship between human behavior,environment,and emotional process.Assuming that pleasantness and unpleasantness are associated with peripheral nervous system activation,the current study aims to explore if the pleasant or unpleasant architectural places can stimulate the brain regions engaged in emotions or not.As the main contribution,we used functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)measuring blood oxygenation level-dependent(BOLD)changes to effectively detect the brain’s region that mainly responds to the emotional-perceptual processes.Based on the results of examining the emotional assessment model of “Pleasure-Arousal”applied to 140 students,30 most-rated images representing 15 pleasant and 15 unpleasant places were shown to 32 participants in a 1.5-T MRI scanner.After applying standard preprocessing steps(re-alignment,slice-timing,coregistration,segmentation,normalization,and smoothing)to functional MR images,first-level analysis was applied to each subject.The results were evaluated using statistical corrections at different levels for female and male participants with the second-level analysis.In conclusion,it has been shown that there is a significant linkage between environmental experience and brain activation so that the architectural qualities can change blood flow in specific brain regions.

Measuring the spatial and social characteristics of the architectural plans of aged care facilities

This paper presents a method that combines visibility graph and isovist analyses to investigate the spatia[ and social properties of architectural plans for aged care facilities. The potential of the combined method is examined by measuring the properties of three sets of plans for residential aged care facilities. The first set is a pair of hypothetical, idealized plans, which allegedly reflect the ＂best practice＂ in the industry. The second set comprises a pair of plans for recent Australian designs, and the third set is a pair of plans for South Korean facilities. Results of the computational anatysis of these six plans suggest that social and cultural factors may shape the design of aged care settings and partially explain their international differences. The application of this methodological approach contributes to the understanding of the relation- ship between spaces and their cultural and social properties in the design of aged care facitities.

A study on courtyard apartment types in South Korea from the 1960s to 1970s

In the 1960s, when apartments were being introduced in South Korea and were not yet standardized, diverse attempts at construction were made. However, due to factors such as the preference for houses that face south, apartment planning principles were unified. The present study intended to find out characteristics that can be applied to the current demands by studying cases of experimental plans among apartments, understanding the plans of courtyard apartments and classifying the cases into different types. The types of 29 courtyard apartments constructed in 1960-1970s in Seoul were analyzed. The apartments were classified into complex types that refer to cases where many buildings form a courtyard, block types, and open types. 2017 Higher Education Press Limited Company. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license

Assessing architectural color preference after Le Corbusier’s 1931 Salubra keyboards:A cross cultural analysis

Color preference for the interior of a bedroom of Le Corbusier’s Swiss Pavilion was studied using 1931 Salubra color keyboards in a cross-cultural analysis.Results indicate that students from architecture and interior design slightly dislike or are indifferent to Le Corbusier color combinations and prefer pale and low saturated colors for interior architecture.The least preferred colors belong to green and brown hues.Scarce significant gender differences are found that follow a stereotyped tendency,with females preferring pinks,light blues and light greens,while males vivid oranges and Vermilions.Near Easterners are significantly more likely to green colors,while Western Europeans to dark greys.These data indicate that not only hue,but also value and saturation are important color features to inform preference for interior architecture.

Impact of the Syrian crisis on the socio-spatial transformation of Eastern Amman,Jordan

Amman,the capital of Jordan,has been subjected to incremental spatial transformation under the pressure of the emerging migration of various refugees since the beginning of the Syrian conflict(2011-present).Only 17%of the Syrian refugee influx to Jordan resides in camps.Amman hosts 28%of non-camp refugees(NCRs)who are living in urban areas and creating multiple forms of urban settlements.Diverse forms of NCR settlements are emerging extensively in Eastern Amman districts.These settlements are contributing to new morphological structures and leading to a gradual spatial change-socially and physically.This research intends to contribute to the increasing amount of available data by improving the understanding of the socio-spatial patterns of Syrian NCR settlements and providing insights,forecasts,and recommendations regarding this pressing issue on the basis of overall trends.Comprehensively contextualized areas in Amman were mapped,and after considering specific siteselection criteria,Jubilee Neighborhood was selected.Jubilee was built by the government in 1985 for low-income Jordanian families.This study aims to unravel one layer of the complex multilayered Amman City.It intends to explore and describe the urban forms of NCR settlements in Jubilee Neighborhood as a case study by interrelating spatial,social,and physical concepts.In addition,this study extensively uses rigorous qualitative and traditional methods.The outcome of this study is a comprehensive and descriptive spatial analysis that can provide socio-spatial interpretations and recommend urban response policies to cope with the future spatial transformation of urban forms.

Exploring the spatial arrangement of patient rooms for minimum nurse travel m hospital nursing units in Korea

With in creasing dema nds on medical care services,one of the trends is the mixed patient room arrangement of single/double-bed and multi-bed rooms in a nursing unit on the same floor.This influences nurse-to-patient assignment and often causes an unbalanced workload and longer travel distances for nurses.The objective of this study was to investigate how floor configuration and room density influence nurse travel in the hospitafs medical surgical urdts in Korea.This study presented a novel approach to measure nurse travel distances in eight existingn ursing units.The agent-based simulation was con ducted to model nurses'walking trails,and the distanee of one nurse travel to assigned patient rooms was measured for each nurse.With revisions in the spatial arrangement of patient rooms,locating multibed rooms near the nurse station,symmetric room layout centering the nurse station,and planning both single/double-bed and multi-bed rooms on one side of corridors,nurse travel distanee decreased more than 15%.This study contributed to the knowledge of agent-based simulation as an evaluation framework for spatial analysis.Apart from application to Korea,these results are particularly of interest in countries where private patient rooms are not commonly economically feasible.

Visitors＇ perceptions on the important factors of atrium desisn in shopping centers： A study of Gandaria City Mall and Ciputra World in Indonesia

Atriums as quasi-internal public spaces in shopping centers play an essential rote as an identity provider and offer spatial orientation in shopping center architecture. This study aims to examine the significant factors of atrium design, which can provide a sense of place for shopping center visitors. The research was conducted with the sequential exploratory method, which involved a qualitative study, followed by a quantitative study. The objects of this research were two shopping centers located in the two largest cities in Indonesia, namely, Gandaria City Matt in Jakarta and Ciputra World in Surabaya. A total of 43 informants were a part of the qualitative data collection, and 350 respondents served as survey participants. The survey research shows that the design factors considered by visitors at the Gandaria City Malt are atrium legibility, atrium decoration, event decoration, social image and interaction, and event ambience, whereas the visitors at Ciputra World considered atrium legibility, social image and interaction, atrium ambience, and atrium decoration.

黑色代码

在澳大利亚北墨尔本霍华德街区119号,有一个扮演生活戏剧舞台的空间,被命名为＂黑色代码＂。这是一家咖啡休闲吧,由澳大利亚ZWEI建筑事务所担纲其室内设计。

快艇上的优雅时光

这套占地85平米的公寓位于巴黎林荫大道一栋建筑的最上层。由于建筑面向一条环形大道,它不禁令人联想到一艘船的形象,因而得名"游艇"。法国建筑设计事务所Frederic Flanquart InteriorArchitecture and Design受业主委托对这套公寓进行改造。公寓拥有一个可通往所有卧室和起居室的宽大入口。这个公共区域同样也朝一条宽敞的阳台过道开放,过道里设置有厨房和餐厅,这里为欣赏周围的全景提供了绝好的视角。主卧和客房都设置有私人卫浴空间。房屋的整体构造和布局有利于引入大量自然光,使人能感受到一天中日照产生的不同的光影效果。

鹿特丹Mainport酒店

鹿特丹是一个颇具国际影响力的城市，其国际大都市的风范、浓郁的艺术氛围、繁荣的建筑设计产业、欧洲最繁忙港口等均让人印象深刻。正如鹿特丹这座城市一样，Mainport酒店扮演的不再仅仅是鹿特丹国际交流窗口的角色，它还将成为世界各地游客和当地居民的集散地。通过精选澳大利亚美食和东方卫浴文化，并结合鹿特丹当地的风土人情，Mainport酒店向全世界各大洲的人们提供了个有效途径来亲身体验酒店所有者Karin Geurt的经营哲学，即酒店应该充分反映它们所处城市的特色。

激情办公

人们对奥美国际集团韩国总部的第一印象,来自接待大厅那宽大的屏风。进而的那种交互式的光影变化也将触发人们无限联想。加长的接待台和景墙营造了一个优雅的空间,后面的艺术水景霎那间令人惊奇。Robarts的室内设计师们用简单的材料和手法凝聚了一个强大组合;白色着漆的单元格,木地板、不锈钢、红色漆。