Silicon suboxide(SiO_(x),x≈1)is promising in serving as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries with high capacity,but it has a low initial Coulombic efficiency(ICE)due to the irreversible formation of lithium si...Silicon suboxide(SiO_(x),x≈1)is promising in serving as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries with high capacity,but it has a low initial Coulombic efficiency(ICE)due to the irreversible formation of lithium silicates during the first cycle.In this work,we modify SiO_(x) by solid-phase Mg doping reaction using low-cost Mg powder as a reducing agent.We show that Mg reduces SiO_(2) in SiO_(x) to Si and forms MgSiO_(3) or Mg_(2)SiO_(4).The MgSiO_(3) or Mg_(2)SiO_(4) are mainly distributed on the surface of SiO_(x),which suppresses the irreversible lithium-ion loss and enhances the ICE of SiO_(x).However,the formation of MgSiO_(3) or Mg_(2)SiO_(4) also sacrifices the capacity of SiO_(x).Therefore,by controlling the reaction process between Mg and SiO_(x),we can tune the phase composition,proportion,and morphology of the Mg-doped SiO_(x) and manipulate the performance.We obtain samples with a capacity of 1226 mAh g^(–1) and an ICE of 84.12%,which show significant improvement over carbon-coated SiO_(x) without Mg doping.By the synergistical modification of both Mg doping and prelithiation,the capacity of SiO_(x) is further increased to 1477 mAh g^(–1) with a minimal compromise in the ICE(83.77%).展开更多
A weed is a plant that thrives in areas of human disturbance, such as gardens, fields, pastures, waysides, and waste places where it is not intentionally cultivated. Dispersal affects community dynamics and vegetation...A weed is a plant that thrives in areas of human disturbance, such as gardens, fields, pastures, waysides, and waste places where it is not intentionally cultivated. Dispersal affects community dynamics and vegetation response to global change. The process of seed disposal is influenced by wind, which plays a crucial role in determining the distance and probability of seed dispersal. Existing models of seed dispersal consider wind direction but fail to incorporate wind intensity. In this paper, a novel seed disposal model was proposed in this paper, incorporating wind intensity based on relevant references. According to various climatic conditions, including temperate, arid, and tropical regions, three specific regions were selected to establish a wind dispersal model that accurately reflects the density function distribution of dispersal distance. Additionally, dandelions growth is influenced by a multitude of factors, encompassing temperature, humidity, climate, and various environmental variables that necessitate meticulous consideration. Based on Factor Analysis model, which completely considers temperature, precipitation, solar radiation, wind, and land carrying capacity, a conclusion is presented, indicating that the growth of seeds is primarily influenced by plant attributes and climate conditions, with the former exerting a relatively stronger impact. Subsequently, the remaining two plants were chosen based on seed weight, yielding consistent conclusion.展开更多
Aqueous zinc(Zn)batteries with Zn metal anodes are promising clean energy storage devices with intrinsic safety and low cost.However,Zn dendrite growth severely restricts the use of Zn anodes.To effectively suppress Z...Aqueous zinc(Zn)batteries with Zn metal anodes are promising clean energy storage devices with intrinsic safety and low cost.However,Zn dendrite growth severely restricts the use of Zn anodes.To effectively suppress Zn dendrite growth,we propose a bilayer separator consisting of commercial butter paper and glassfiber membrane.The dense cellulose-based butter paper(BP)with low zincophilicity and high mechanical properties prevents the pore-filling behavior of deposited Zn and related separator piercing,effectively suppressing the Zn dendrite growth.As a result,the bilayer separators endow the ZnjjZn symmetrical batteries with a superlong cycling life of Zn anodes(over 5000 h)at 0.5 mA cm^(-2) and the full batteries enhanced capacity retention,demonstrating the advancement of the bilayer separator to afford excellent cyclability of aqueous metal batteries.展开更多
Highly thermally conductive graphitic film(GF)materials have become a competitive solution for the thermal management of high-power electronic devices.However,their catastrophic structural failure under extreme altern...Highly thermally conductive graphitic film(GF)materials have become a competitive solution for the thermal management of high-power electronic devices.However,their catastrophic structural failure under extreme alternating thermal/cold shock poses a significant challenge to reliability and safety.Here,we present the first investigation into the structural failure mechanism of GF during cyclic liquid nitrogen shocks(LNS),which reveals a bubbling process characterized by“permeation-diffusion-deformation”phenomenon.To overcome this long-standing structural weakness,a novel metal-nanoarmor strategy is proposed to construct a Cu-modified graphitic film(GF@Cu)with seamless heterointerface.This well-designed interface ensures superior structural stability for GF@Cu after hundreds of LNS cycles from 77 to 300 K.Moreover,GF@Cu maintains high thermal conductivity up to 1088 W m^(−1)K^(−1)with degradation of less than 5%even after 150 LNS cycles,superior to that of pure GF(50%degradation).Our work not only offers an opportunity to improve the robustness of graphitic films by the rational structural design but also facilitates the applications of thermally conductive carbon-based materials for future extreme thermal management in complex aerospace electronics.展开更多
The general goal of the management of communication and information technology (MCIT) in the health sector, is to accelerate collecting, achieving and supporting the health system processes, and effective decision-mak...The general goal of the management of communication and information technology (MCIT) in the health sector, is to accelerate collecting, achieving and supporting the health system processes, and effective decision-making for managing this system;because preparing and providing health care services for society is very complex, and highly dependent on the information system. The aim of this investigation is to determine the mean scores of the possibility of implementing the MCIT standards in Khorasan Razavi hospitals, from the perspective of managers. This was a cross sectional descriptive-analytic study conducted in two steps in all hospitals. In the first step, the applicability of the standards in hospitals was studied. In the second step, the current status of hospitals was compared with international standards MCIT. In order to determine the validity of the questionnaires, opinions of professors and experts were acquired. Regarding the reliability, the SPSS V. 12 calculated the value of Cronbach’s to be 0.95 for the first questionnaire and 0.86 for the second questionnaire. Data were analyzed using statistic tests of one way ANOVA and t-test. The level of significance was fixed at 0.5. In the 16 hospitals studied, the mean and standard deviation of MCIT were (57.25 ± 13.74). The MCIT standards are applicable in hospitals of Khorasan Razavi according to half (49.4%) of managers;nonetheless, their application requires greater efforts by the hospitals.展开更多
The oxygen distribution and evolution within the oxygen carrier exert significant influence on chemical looping processes.This paper describes the influence of oxygen bulk diffusion within FeVO4 oxygen carrier pellets...The oxygen distribution and evolution within the oxygen carrier exert significant influence on chemical looping processes.This paper describes the influence of oxygen bulk diffusion within FeVO4 oxygen carrier pellets on the chemical looping oxidative propane dehydrogenation(CL-ODH).During CL-ODH,the oxygen concentration at the pellet surface initially decreased and then maintained stable before the final decrease.At the stage with the stable surface oxygen concentration,the reaction showed a stable C3H6 formation rate and high C3H6 selectivity.Therefore,based on Fick’s second law,the oxygen distribution and evolution in the oxygen carrier at this stage were further analyzed.It was found that main reactions of selective oxidation and over-oxidation were controlled by the oxygen bulk diffusion.C3H8 conversion rate kept decreasing during this stage due to the decrease of the oxygen flux caused by the decline of oxygen gradient within the oxygen carrier,while C3H6 selectivity increased due to the decrease of overoxidation.In addition,reaction rates could increase with the propane partial pressure due to the increase of the oxygen gradient within the oxygen carrier until the bulk transfer reached its limit at higher propane partial pressure.This study provides fundamental insights for the diffusion-controlled chemical looping reactions.展开更多
Selective hydrogenation of hydroxyaldehydes to polyalcohols is challenging due to the competitive hydrogenation of C=O and CAO.This study develops heterogeneous Cu catalysts for the selective synthesis of ethylene gly...Selective hydrogenation of hydroxyaldehydes to polyalcohols is challenging due to the competitive hydrogenation of C=O and CAO.This study develops heterogeneous Cu catalysts for the selective synthesis of ethylene glycol via batch liquid-phase hydrogenation of glycolaldehyde.SiO_(2)supported Cu,fabricated by ammonia evaporation,enables to catalyze the C=O bond hydrogenation with retaining the CAO bond intact,yielding higher selective hydrogenation activity with ethylene glycol selectivity up to 99.8%relative to MgO,Al_(2)O_(3),CeO_(2),and TiO_(2)supports and Cu/SiO_(2)synthesized by deposition–precipitation and impregnation.Characterizations confirm that highly efficient 20Cu/SiO_(2)-AE-623 K catalyst fabricated by ammonia evaporation is featured with larger Cu^(0)and Cu^(+)surface areas,of which the Cu^(+)species created from reducing copper phyllosilicate exhibit higher reactivity.A synergistic effect between Cu^(+)and Cu^(0)facilitates the selective adsorption/activation of glycolaldehyde on Cu^(+)sites and the dissociation of H_(2)on Cu^(0)sites,bringing a remarkable improvement in the selective hydrogenation performance.展开更多
Lignin is a renewable carbon resource to produce arenes due to its abundant aromatic structures.For the liquid-phase hydrodeoxygenation(HDO)based on metallic catalysts,the preservation of aromatic rings in lignin or i...Lignin is a renewable carbon resource to produce arenes due to its abundant aromatic structures.For the liquid-phase hydrodeoxygenation(HDO)based on metallic catalysts,the preservation of aromatic rings in lignin or its derivatives remains a challenge.Herein,we synthesized Mndoped Cu/Al_(2)O_(3) catalysts from layered double hydroxides(LDHs)for liquid-phase HDO of lignin-derived anisole.Mn doping significantly enhanced the selective deoxygenation of anisole to arenes and inhibited the saturated hydrogenation on Cu/Al_(2)O_(3).With Mn doping increasing,the surface of Cu particles was modified with MnO_(x) along with enhanced generation of oxygen vacancies(Ov).The evolution of active sites structure led to a controllable adsorption geometry of anisole,which was beneficial for increasing arenes selectivity.As a result,the arenes selectivity obtained on 4Cu/8Mn4AlO_(x) was increased to be more than 6 folds of that value on 4Cu/4Al_(2)O_(3) over the synergistic sites between metal Cu and Ov generated on MnO_(x).展开更多
Metal oxyhydroxides(MOOH)generated from irreversible reconstructions of transition metal compounds are intrinsic active species for oxygen evolution reaction,whose activities are still constrained by sluggish deproton...Metal oxyhydroxides(MOOH)generated from irreversible reconstructions of transition metal compounds are intrinsic active species for oxygen evolution reaction,whose activities are still constrained by sluggish deprotonation kinetics and inherent adsorption energy scaling relations.Herein,we construct a tunable proton acceptor(TPA)on oxyhydroxides by in-situ reconstruction of metal oxoacids such as NiC2O4to accelerate deprotonation and break adsorption energy scaling relations during OER.The modified C_(2)O_(4)^(2-)as a TPA can easily extract H of*OH(forming*HC2O4intermediate)and then promote deprotonation by the transmitted hydrogen bond with*OOH along conjugated(H...)O=C-O(-H)chain.As a result,Ni OOH-C2O4shows non-concerted proton-electron transfer and improved deprotonation rate,and delivers a good OER activity(270 mV@10 mA cm-2).The conjugate acidity coefficient(pKa)of the modified oxoacid group can be a descriptor for TPA selection.This TPA strategy can be universally applied to Co-,Fe-,and Ni-based oxyhydroxides to facilitate OER efficiency.展开更多
Alkali metal-carbon dioxide(Li/Na/K-CO_(2))batteries are emerging electrochemical energy storage technologies in the context of the energy crisis and the urgent demand for carbon neutrality.Alkali metal-CO_(2) batteri...Alkali metal-carbon dioxide(Li/Na/K-CO_(2))batteries are emerging electrochemical energy storage technologies in the context of the energy crisis and the urgent demand for carbon neutrality.Alkali metal-CO_(2) batteries offer a new strategy for CO_(2) fixation and utilization,and thus has been receiving considerable attention in recent years.Considerable progress has been achieved since alkali metal-CO_(2) batteries were invented,especially in terms of development of new electrode materials,and yet,research is lacking on the underlying mechanisms of the systems.This is the first typical review focusing on the electrochemical mechanisms of metal-CO_(2) batteries that summarizes the current understanding of and provides insights into the thermodynamic reaction pathways,the kinetic characteristics,and the crucial factors determining the reaction mechanisms in alkali metal-CO_(2) batteries.The review starts with the fundamental concepts of alkali metal-CO_(2) batteries,followed by a comprehensive discussion of the working mechanisms on cathodes and anodes.Moreover,the operation mechanisms of state-of-the-art electrolytes,including liquid and(quasi-)solid-state electrolytes,are also described.Finally,we identify the unsolved problems in current alkali metal-CO_(2) batteries and propose potential topics for future research.展开更多
In this study, a morphodynamic numerical model is established with the Regional Ocean Modeling System(ROMS)to investigate the transient behavior of sand waves under realistic sea conditions. The simulation of sand wav...In this study, a morphodynamic numerical model is established with the Regional Ocean Modeling System(ROMS)to investigate the transient behavior of sand waves under realistic sea conditions. The simulation of sand wave evolution comprises two steps: 1) a regional-scale model is configured first to simulate the ocean hydrodynamics, i.e., tides and tidal currents, and 2) the transient behavior of sand waves is simulated in a small computational domain under the time-variant currents extracted from the large model. The evolution of sand waves on the continental shelf in the Beibu Gulf is specifically investigated. The numerical results of the two-year evolution of sand waves under normal sea conditions compare well with the field survey data. The transient behavior of sand waves in individual months shows that the sand waves are more stable in April and October than that in other months, which can be selected as the windows for seabed operations. The effects of sediment properties, including settling velocity, critical shear stress and surface erosion rate, on sand wave evolution are also analyzed. Then, the typhoon-induced currents are further superimposed on the tidal currents as the extreme weather conditions. Sand waves with the average wavelength generally have more active behavior than smaller or larger sand waves. The characteristics of the evolution of sand waves in an individual typhoon process are quite different for different hydrodynamic combinations. For the storm conditions, i.e., the real combination and maximum combination cases, the sand waves experience a significant migration together with a damping in height due to the dominant suspended sediment transport. For the mild conditions, i.e., the pure tidal current and minimum combination cases, the sand waves migrate less, but the heights continue growing due to the dominant bedload transport.展开更多
The dehydrogenation of cyclohexanol to cyclohexanone is a crucial industrial process in the production of caprolactam and adipic acid, both of which serve as important precursors in nylon textiles. This endothermic re...The dehydrogenation of cyclohexanol to cyclohexanone is a crucial industrial process in the production of caprolactam and adipic acid, both of which serve as important precursors in nylon textiles. This endothermic reaction is constrained by thermodynamic equilibrium and involves a complex reaction network, leading to a heightened focus on catalysts and process design. Copper-based catalysts have been extensively studied and exhibit exceptional low-temperature catalytic performance in cyclohexanol dehydrogenation, with some being commercially used in the industry. This paper specifically concentrates on research advancement concerning active species, reaction mechanisms, factors influencing product selectivity, and the deactivation behaviors of copper-based catalysts. Moreover, a brief introduction to the new processes that break thermodynamic equilibrium via reaction coupling and their corresponding catalysts is summarized here as well. These reviews may off er guidance and potential avenues for further investigations into catalysts and processes for cyclohexanol dehydrogenation.展开更多
Tetragonal barium titanate was synthesized from barium hydroxide octahydrate and titanium tetrachloride through a simple one-step hydrothermal method.The effect of different solvents on the crystal structure and morph...Tetragonal barium titanate was synthesized from barium hydroxide octahydrate and titanium tetrachloride through a simple one-step hydrothermal method.The effect of different solvents on the crystal structure and morphology of barium titanate nanoparticles during the hy-drothermal process was investigated.Except for ethylene glycol/water solvent,impurity-free barium titanate was synthesized in pure water,methanol/water,ethanol/water,and isopropyl alcohol/water mixed solvents.Compared with other alcohols,ethanol promotes the formation of a tetragonal structure.In addition,characterization studies confirm that particles synthesized in methanol/water,ethanol/water,and isopropyl al-cohol/water mixed solvents are smaller in size than those synthesized in pure water.In the case of alcohol-containing solvents,the particle size decreases in the order of isopropanol,ethanol,and methanol.Among all the media used in this study,ethanol/water is considered the optimum reaction media for barium titanate with high tetragonality(defined as the ratio of two lattice parameters c and a,c/a=1.0088)and small aver-age particle size(82 nm),which indicates its great application potential in multilayer ceramic capacitors.展开更多
Peri-implantitis is one of the most important biological complications in the field of oral implantology.Identifying the causative factors of peri-implant inflammation and osteolysis is crucial for the disease’s prev...Peri-implantitis is one of the most important biological complications in the field of oral implantology.Identifying the causative factors of peri-implant inflammation and osteolysis is crucial for the disease’s prevention and treatment.The underlying risk factors and detailed pathogenesis of peri-implantitis remain to be elucidated.Titanium-based implants as the most widely used implant inevitably release titanium particles into the surrounding tissue.Notably,the concentration of titanium particles increases significantly at peri-implantitis sites,suggesting titanium particles as a potential risk factor for the condition.Previous studies have indicated that titanium particles can induce peripheral osteolysis and foster the development of aseptic osteoarthritis in orthopedic joint replacement.However,it remains unconfirmed whether this phenomenon also triggers inflammation and bone resorption in peri-implant tissues.This review summarizes the distribution of titanium particles around the implant,the potential roles in peri-implantitis and the prevalent prevention strategies,which expects to provide new directions for the study of the pathogenesis and treatment of peri-implantitis.展开更多
Electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction(CO_(2) RR)is a promising method to solve current environment and energy issues.Copper-based catalysts have been widely studied for converting CO_(2) into value-added ...Electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction(CO_(2) RR)is a promising method to solve current environment and energy issues.Copper-based catalysts have been widely studied for converting CO_(2) into value-added hy-drocarbon products.Cu monometallic catalyst has been proved to have some shortcomings,including relatively high energy barriers and diverse reaction pathways,leading to low reaction activities and poor product selec-tivity,respectively.Recently copper-based bimetallic tandem catalysts have attracted extensive attentions due to their special catalyst structure,which can be easily regulated to achieve high CO_(2) RR reactivity and product selectivity.With the development of quantum chemistry calculations and spectroscopic characterization methods,deep understandings of CO_(2) RR from the mechanism perspective provide a broad horizon for the design of effi-cient catalysts.This review offers a good summary of reaction mechanisms and product regulation strategies over copper-based bimetallic catalysts,along with a brief discussion on future directions towards their practical applications.展开更多
Grid-level large-scale electrical energy storage(GLEES) is an essential approach for balancing the supply–demand of electricity generation, distribution, and usage. Compared with conventional energy storage methods, ...Grid-level large-scale electrical energy storage(GLEES) is an essential approach for balancing the supply–demand of electricity generation, distribution, and usage. Compared with conventional energy storage methods, battery technologies are desirable energy storage devices for GLEES due to their easy modularization, rapid response, flexible installation, and short construction cycles. In general, battery energy storage technologies are expected to meet the requirements of GLEES such as peak shaving and load leveling, voltage and frequency regulation, and emergency response, which are highlighted in this perspective. Furthermore, several types of battery technologies, including lead–acid, nickel–cadmium, nickel–metal hydride, sodium–sulfur, lithium-ion, and flow batteries, are discussed in detail for the application of GLEES. Moreover, some possible developing directions to facilitate efforts in this area are presented to establish a perspective on battery technology, provide a road map for guiding future studies, and promote the commercial application of batteries for GLEES.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the beneficial effect of the combination of butyrate, Lactobacillus casei, and L-carnitine in a rat colitis model.METHODS: Rats were divided into seven groups. Fourgroups received oral butyrate, L-...AIM: To investigate the beneficial effect of the combination of butyrate, Lactobacillus casei, and L-carnitine in a rat colitis model.METHODS: Rats were divided into seven groups. Fourgroups received oral butyrate, L-carnitine, Lactobacillus casei and the combination of three agents for 10 consecutive days. The remaining groups included negative and positive controls and a sham group. Macroscopic, histopathological examinations, and biomarkers such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α) and interlukin-1β(IL-1β), myeloperoxidase(MPO), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS), and ferric reduced ability of plasma(FRAP) were determined in the colon.RESULTS: The combination therapy exhibited a significant beneficial effect in alleviation of colitis compared to controls. Overall changes in reduction of TNF-α(114.66 ± 18.26 vs 171.78 ± 9.48 pg/mg protein, P < 0.05), IL-1β(24.9 ± 1.07 vs 33.06 ± 2.16 pg/mg protein, P < 0.05), TBARS(0.2 ± 0.03 vs 0.49 ± 0.04 μg/mg protein, P < 0.01), MPO(15.32 ± 0.4 vs 27.24 ± 3.84 U/mg protein, P < 0.05), and elevation of FRAP(23.46 ± 1.2 vs 15.02 ± 2.37 μmol/L, P < 0.05) support the preference of the combination therapy in comparison to controls. Although the monotherapies were also effective in improvement of colitis markers, the combination therapy was much better in improvement of colon oxidative stress markers including FRAP, TBARS, and MPO.CONCLUSION: The present combination is a suitable mixture in control of experimental colitis and should be trialed in the clinical setting.展开更多
Objective: Death depression is an important component in the process of death and dying. Death depression is the second element of death. Depression is one of the important features in death distress. The aim of this ...Objective: Death depression is an important component in the process of death and dying. Death depression is the second element of death. Depression is one of the important features in death distress. The aim of this study was to explore the performance of the Farsi version of the Death Depression Scale with an Iranian convenience sample of nurses (n =106).Methods: Nurses were selected using a convenience sampling method, and completed the Death Depression Scale (DDS), Death Concern Scale (DCS), Collett-Lester Fear of Death Scale (CLFDS), Reasons for Death Fear Scale (RDFS), Templer's Death Anxiety Scale (DAS), and Death Obsession Scale (DOS). Results: The results of exploratory factor analysis on DDS identified 4 factors (56.16%of variance). Factor 1 labeled"Death sadness", Factor 2 labeled"Death finality/end and Death dread/fear", Factor 3 labeled"Death despair and Death depression", and Factor 4 labeled"Death loneliness". Cronbach's a coefficient was 0.84, Spearman-Brown coefficient 0.85, and Guttman Split-Half coefficient 0.81 The DDS correlated 0.40 with the DCS, 0.39 with the CLFDS, 0.50 with the DAS, 0.35 with the RDFS, and 0.44 with the DOS, indicating good construct and criterion-related validity. Concurrent validity for the DDS with the other scales were significant. Conclusions: The DDS has good validity and reliability, and it can use in clinical and research settings.展开更多
Nanomaterials based on nickel foam(NF) have been widely applied in energy conversion and storage field.Traditional synthesis methods such as hydrothermal method which is dangerous and high cost limited the scalable de...Nanomaterials based on nickel foam(NF) have been widely applied in energy conversion and storage field.Traditional synthesis methods such as hydrothermal method which is dangerous and high cost limited the scalable developments.Herein,we report a fast,simple,and low-cost synthesis method of nanomaterials based on NF by Joule-heating and water soaking treatment.Thin carbon-coated CoS on NF(NF-C/CoS) was synthesized by Joule-heating for a few seconds with rapid cooling.And then,NF-C/CoS/NiOOH with core-shell heterostructure was fabricated by soaking treatment of NF-C/CoS in water on which NiOOH nanosheets grew spontaneously.The formation mechanism is proposed that the coordination complex precursor converts into C/CoS on NF driven by Joule-heating,and the nickel on the surface of NF is activated to form metastable nickel simultaneously.The metastable nickel reacting with water leads to the formation of NiOOH,and the induction of CoS makes NiOOH grow continuously.This synthesis technology provides a new route to manufacture NF-based nanostructures,and the as-fabricated NF-C/CoS/NiOOH exhibits great potential as electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(52232009)the National Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholar(52125404)+1 种基金the National Youth Talent Support Program,“131”First Level Innovative Talents Training Project in Tianjinthe Tianjin Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholar(18JCJQJC46500).
文摘Silicon suboxide(SiO_(x),x≈1)is promising in serving as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries with high capacity,but it has a low initial Coulombic efficiency(ICE)due to the irreversible formation of lithium silicates during the first cycle.In this work,we modify SiO_(x) by solid-phase Mg doping reaction using low-cost Mg powder as a reducing agent.We show that Mg reduces SiO_(2) in SiO_(x) to Si and forms MgSiO_(3) or Mg_(2)SiO_(4).The MgSiO_(3) or Mg_(2)SiO_(4) are mainly distributed on the surface of SiO_(x),which suppresses the irreversible lithium-ion loss and enhances the ICE of SiO_(x).However,the formation of MgSiO_(3) or Mg_(2)SiO_(4) also sacrifices the capacity of SiO_(x).Therefore,by controlling the reaction process between Mg and SiO_(x),we can tune the phase composition,proportion,and morphology of the Mg-doped SiO_(x) and manipulate the performance.We obtain samples with a capacity of 1226 mAh g^(–1) and an ICE of 84.12%,which show significant improvement over carbon-coated SiO_(x) without Mg doping.By the synergistical modification of both Mg doping and prelithiation,the capacity of SiO_(x) is further increased to 1477 mAh g^(–1) with a minimal compromise in the ICE(83.77%).
文摘A weed is a plant that thrives in areas of human disturbance, such as gardens, fields, pastures, waysides, and waste places where it is not intentionally cultivated. Dispersal affects community dynamics and vegetation response to global change. The process of seed disposal is influenced by wind, which plays a crucial role in determining the distance and probability of seed dispersal. Existing models of seed dispersal consider wind direction but fail to incorporate wind intensity. In this paper, a novel seed disposal model was proposed in this paper, incorporating wind intensity based on relevant references. According to various climatic conditions, including temperate, arid, and tropical regions, three specific regions were selected to establish a wind dispersal model that accurately reflects the density function distribution of dispersal distance. Additionally, dandelions growth is influenced by a multitude of factors, encompassing temperature, humidity, climate, and various environmental variables that necessitate meticulous consideration. Based on Factor Analysis model, which completely considers temperature, precipitation, solar radiation, wind, and land carrying capacity, a conclusion is presented, indicating that the growth of seeds is primarily influenced by plant attributes and climate conditions, with the former exerting a relatively stronger impact. Subsequently, the remaining two plants were chosen based on seed weight, yielding consistent conclusion.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFF0500600)the Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations,and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.We appreciate Neware Technology Co.,Ltd for their battery test systems in the TJU Nanoyang-Neware Joint Laboratory for Energy Innovation.
文摘Aqueous zinc(Zn)batteries with Zn metal anodes are promising clean energy storage devices with intrinsic safety and low cost.However,Zn dendrite growth severely restricts the use of Zn anodes.To effectively suppress Zn dendrite growth,we propose a bilayer separator consisting of commercial butter paper and glassfiber membrane.The dense cellulose-based butter paper(BP)with low zincophilicity and high mechanical properties prevents the pore-filling behavior of deposited Zn and related separator piercing,effectively suppressing the Zn dendrite growth.As a result,the bilayer separators endow the ZnjjZn symmetrical batteries with a superlong cycling life of Zn anodes(over 5000 h)at 0.5 mA cm^(-2) and the full batteries enhanced capacity retention,demonstrating the advancement of the bilayer separator to afford excellent cyclability of aqueous metal batteries.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52272046,52090030,52090031,52122301,51973191)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LR23E020003)+4 种基金Shanxi-Zheda Institute of New Materials and Chemical Engineering(2021SZ-FR004,2022SZ-TD011,2022SZ-TD012,2022SZ-TD014)Hundred Talents Program of Zhejiang University(188020*194231701/113,112300+1944223R3/003,112300+1944223R3/004)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.226-2023-00023,226-2023-00082,2021FZZX001-17,K20200060)National Key R&D Program of China(NO.2022YFA1205300,NO.2022YFA1205301,NO.2020YFF0204400,NO.2022YFF0609801)“Pioneer”and“Leading Goose”R&D Program of Zhejiang 2023C01190.
文摘Highly thermally conductive graphitic film(GF)materials have become a competitive solution for the thermal management of high-power electronic devices.However,their catastrophic structural failure under extreme alternating thermal/cold shock poses a significant challenge to reliability and safety.Here,we present the first investigation into the structural failure mechanism of GF during cyclic liquid nitrogen shocks(LNS),which reveals a bubbling process characterized by“permeation-diffusion-deformation”phenomenon.To overcome this long-standing structural weakness,a novel metal-nanoarmor strategy is proposed to construct a Cu-modified graphitic film(GF@Cu)with seamless heterointerface.This well-designed interface ensures superior structural stability for GF@Cu after hundreds of LNS cycles from 77 to 300 K.Moreover,GF@Cu maintains high thermal conductivity up to 1088 W m^(−1)K^(−1)with degradation of less than 5%even after 150 LNS cycles,superior to that of pure GF(50%degradation).Our work not only offers an opportunity to improve the robustness of graphitic films by the rational structural design but also facilitates the applications of thermally conductive carbon-based materials for future extreme thermal management in complex aerospace electronics.
文摘The general goal of the management of communication and information technology (MCIT) in the health sector, is to accelerate collecting, achieving and supporting the health system processes, and effective decision-making for managing this system;because preparing and providing health care services for society is very complex, and highly dependent on the information system. The aim of this investigation is to determine the mean scores of the possibility of implementing the MCIT standards in Khorasan Razavi hospitals, from the perspective of managers. This was a cross sectional descriptive-analytic study conducted in two steps in all hospitals. In the first step, the applicability of the standards in hospitals was studied. In the second step, the current status of hospitals was compared with international standards MCIT. In order to determine the validity of the questionnaires, opinions of professors and experts were acquired. Regarding the reliability, the SPSS V. 12 calculated the value of Cronbach’s to be 0.95 for the first questionnaire and 0.86 for the second questionnaire. Data were analyzed using statistic tests of one way ANOVA and t-test. The level of significance was fixed at 0.5. In the 16 hospitals studied, the mean and standard deviation of MCIT were (57.25 ± 13.74). The MCIT standards are applicable in hospitals of Khorasan Razavi according to half (49.4%) of managers;nonetheless, their application requires greater efforts by the hospitals.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFA1501302)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22122808, U20B6002)+1 种基金the Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations and the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities (BP0618007) for financial supportsupported by the XPLORER PRIZE by Tencent Foundation
文摘The oxygen distribution and evolution within the oxygen carrier exert significant influence on chemical looping processes.This paper describes the influence of oxygen bulk diffusion within FeVO4 oxygen carrier pellets on the chemical looping oxidative propane dehydrogenation(CL-ODH).During CL-ODH,the oxygen concentration at the pellet surface initially decreased and then maintained stable before the final decrease.At the stage with the stable surface oxygen concentration,the reaction showed a stable C3H6 formation rate and high C3H6 selectivity.Therefore,based on Fick’s second law,the oxygen distribution and evolution in the oxygen carrier at this stage were further analyzed.It was found that main reactions of selective oxidation and over-oxidation were controlled by the oxygen bulk diffusion.C3H8 conversion rate kept decreasing during this stage due to the decrease of the oxygen flux caused by the decline of oxygen gradient within the oxygen carrier,while C3H6 selectivity increased due to the decrease of overoxidation.In addition,reaction rates could increase with the propane partial pressure due to the increase of the oxygen gradient within the oxygen carrier until the bulk transfer reached its limit at higher propane partial pressure.This study provides fundamental insights for the diffusion-controlled chemical looping reactions.
基金supported by the Ministry of Education,Singapore(MOE2019-T2-1-093 and MOE-T2EP10122-0002)the Energy Market Authority of Singapore(EMA-EP009-SEGC-020)+1 种基金the Agency for Science,Technology and Research(U2102d2004 and U2102d2012)the National Research Foundation Singapore(NRF-CRP26-2021RS-0002).
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFA0704502)Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations (CYZC202101)。
文摘Selective hydrogenation of hydroxyaldehydes to polyalcohols is challenging due to the competitive hydrogenation of C=O and CAO.This study develops heterogeneous Cu catalysts for the selective synthesis of ethylene glycol via batch liquid-phase hydrogenation of glycolaldehyde.SiO_(2)supported Cu,fabricated by ammonia evaporation,enables to catalyze the C=O bond hydrogenation with retaining the CAO bond intact,yielding higher selective hydrogenation activity with ethylene glycol selectivity up to 99.8%relative to MgO,Al_(2)O_(3),CeO_(2),and TiO_(2)supports and Cu/SiO_(2)synthesized by deposition–precipitation and impregnation.Characterizations confirm that highly efficient 20Cu/SiO_(2)-AE-623 K catalyst fabricated by ammonia evaporation is featured with larger Cu^(0)and Cu^(+)surface areas,of which the Cu^(+)species created from reducing copper phyllosilicate exhibit higher reactivity.A synergistic effect between Cu^(+)and Cu^(0)facilitates the selective adsorption/activation of glycolaldehyde on Cu^(+)sites and the dissociation of H_(2)on Cu^(0)sites,bringing a remarkable improvement in the selective hydrogenation performance.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (21938008).
文摘Lignin is a renewable carbon resource to produce arenes due to its abundant aromatic structures.For the liquid-phase hydrodeoxygenation(HDO)based on metallic catalysts,the preservation of aromatic rings in lignin or its derivatives remains a challenge.Herein,we synthesized Mndoped Cu/Al_(2)O_(3) catalysts from layered double hydroxides(LDHs)for liquid-phase HDO of lignin-derived anisole.Mn doping significantly enhanced the selective deoxygenation of anisole to arenes and inhibited the saturated hydrogenation on Cu/Al_(2)O_(3).With Mn doping increasing,the surface of Cu particles was modified with MnO_(x) along with enhanced generation of oxygen vacancies(Ov).The evolution of active sites structure led to a controllable adsorption geometry of anisole,which was beneficial for increasing arenes selectivity.As a result,the arenes selectivity obtained on 4Cu/8Mn4AlO_(x) was increased to be more than 6 folds of that value on 4Cu/4Al_(2)O_(3) over the synergistic sites between metal Cu and Ov generated on MnO_(x).
基金the support from the National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFA0710000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22278307,22222808,21978200)the Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations。
文摘Metal oxyhydroxides(MOOH)generated from irreversible reconstructions of transition metal compounds are intrinsic active species for oxygen evolution reaction,whose activities are still constrained by sluggish deprotonation kinetics and inherent adsorption energy scaling relations.Herein,we construct a tunable proton acceptor(TPA)on oxyhydroxides by in-situ reconstruction of metal oxoacids such as NiC2O4to accelerate deprotonation and break adsorption energy scaling relations during OER.The modified C_(2)O_(4)^(2-)as a TPA can easily extract H of*OH(forming*HC2O4intermediate)and then promote deprotonation by the transmitted hydrogen bond with*OOH along conjugated(H...)O=C-O(-H)chain.As a result,Ni OOH-C2O4shows non-concerted proton-electron transfer and improved deprotonation rate,and delivers a good OER activity(270 mV@10 mA cm-2).The conjugate acidity coefficient(pKa)of the modified oxoacid group can be a descriptor for TPA selection.This TPA strategy can be universally applied to Co-,Fe-,and Ni-based oxyhydroxides to facilitate OER efficiency.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52072257)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2019YFE0118800).
文摘Alkali metal-carbon dioxide(Li/Na/K-CO_(2))batteries are emerging electrochemical energy storage technologies in the context of the energy crisis and the urgent demand for carbon neutrality.Alkali metal-CO_(2) batteries offer a new strategy for CO_(2) fixation and utilization,and thus has been receiving considerable attention in recent years.Considerable progress has been achieved since alkali metal-CO_(2) batteries were invented,especially in terms of development of new electrode materials,and yet,research is lacking on the underlying mechanisms of the systems.This is the first typical review focusing on the electrochemical mechanisms of metal-CO_(2) batteries that summarizes the current understanding of and provides insights into the thermodynamic reaction pathways,the kinetic characteristics,and the crucial factors determining the reaction mechanisms in alkali metal-CO_(2) batteries.The review starts with the fundamental concepts of alkali metal-CO_(2) batteries,followed by a comprehensive discussion of the working mechanisms on cathodes and anodes.Moreover,the operation mechanisms of state-of-the-art electrolytes,including liquid and(quasi-)solid-state electrolytes,are also described.Finally,we identify the unsolved problems in current alkali metal-CO_(2) batteries and propose potential topics for future research.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51579232 and 51890913)the Open Funding of State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety (Grant No. HESS-1712)。
文摘In this study, a morphodynamic numerical model is established with the Regional Ocean Modeling System(ROMS)to investigate the transient behavior of sand waves under realistic sea conditions. The simulation of sand wave evolution comprises two steps: 1) a regional-scale model is configured first to simulate the ocean hydrodynamics, i.e., tides and tidal currents, and 2) the transient behavior of sand waves is simulated in a small computational domain under the time-variant currents extracted from the large model. The evolution of sand waves on the continental shelf in the Beibu Gulf is specifically investigated. The numerical results of the two-year evolution of sand waves under normal sea conditions compare well with the field survey data. The transient behavior of sand waves in individual months shows that the sand waves are more stable in April and October than that in other months, which can be selected as the windows for seabed operations. The effects of sediment properties, including settling velocity, critical shear stress and surface erosion rate, on sand wave evolution are also analyzed. Then, the typhoon-induced currents are further superimposed on the tidal currents as the extreme weather conditions. Sand waves with the average wavelength generally have more active behavior than smaller or larger sand waves. The characteristics of the evolution of sand waves in an individual typhoon process are quite different for different hydrodynamic combinations. For the storm conditions, i.e., the real combination and maximum combination cases, the sand waves experience a significant migration together with a damping in height due to the dominant suspended sediment transport. For the mild conditions, i.e., the pure tidal current and minimum combination cases, the sand waves migrate less, but the heights continue growing due to the dominant bedload transport.
基金the support from Clariant International Ltd.the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.22022811,21938008,and U21B2096)the Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations。
文摘The dehydrogenation of cyclohexanol to cyclohexanone is a crucial industrial process in the production of caprolactam and adipic acid, both of which serve as important precursors in nylon textiles. This endothermic reaction is constrained by thermodynamic equilibrium and involves a complex reaction network, leading to a heightened focus on catalysts and process design. Copper-based catalysts have been extensively studied and exhibit exceptional low-temperature catalytic performance in cyclohexanol dehydrogenation, with some being commercially used in the industry. This paper specifically concentrates on research advancement concerning active species, reaction mechanisms, factors influencing product selectivity, and the deactivation behaviors of copper-based catalysts. Moreover, a brief introduction to the new processes that break thermodynamic equilibrium via reaction coupling and their corresponding catalysts is summarized here as well. These reviews may off er guidance and potential avenues for further investigations into catalysts and processes for cyclohexanol dehydrogenation.
基金supported by Chongqing Newcent New Materials Co.,Ltd.,China (No.2021GKF-0708).
文摘Tetragonal barium titanate was synthesized from barium hydroxide octahydrate and titanium tetrachloride through a simple one-step hydrothermal method.The effect of different solvents on the crystal structure and morphology of barium titanate nanoparticles during the hy-drothermal process was investigated.Except for ethylene glycol/water solvent,impurity-free barium titanate was synthesized in pure water,methanol/water,ethanol/water,and isopropyl alcohol/water mixed solvents.Compared with other alcohols,ethanol promotes the formation of a tetragonal structure.In addition,characterization studies confirm that particles synthesized in methanol/water,ethanol/water,and isopropyl al-cohol/water mixed solvents are smaller in size than those synthesized in pure water.In the case of alcohol-containing solvents,the particle size decreases in the order of isopropanol,ethanol,and methanol.Among all the media used in this study,ethanol/water is considered the optimum reaction media for barium titanate with high tetragonality(defined as the ratio of two lattice parameters c and a,c/a=1.0088)and small aver-age particle size(82 nm),which indicates its great application potential in multilayer ceramic capacitors.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82170992,No.82201051 and No.82370990)Medical Health Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Provincial Health Commission(WKJ-ZJ-2335)+1 种基金Innovative Talent of Zhejiang Provincial Health Commission,China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M722742)2022 General Scientific Research Project of Zhejiang Education Department(Natural Science)(Y202249943).
文摘Peri-implantitis is one of the most important biological complications in the field of oral implantology.Identifying the causative factors of peri-implant inflammation and osteolysis is crucial for the disease’s prevention and treatment.The underlying risk factors and detailed pathogenesis of peri-implantitis remain to be elucidated.Titanium-based implants as the most widely used implant inevitably release titanium particles into the surrounding tissue.Notably,the concentration of titanium particles increases significantly at peri-implantitis sites,suggesting titanium particles as a potential risk factor for the condition.Previous studies have indicated that titanium particles can induce peripheral osteolysis and foster the development of aseptic osteoarthritis in orthopedic joint replacement.However,it remains unconfirmed whether this phenomenon also triggers inflammation and bone resorption in peri-implant tissues.This review summarizes the distribution of titanium particles around the implant,the potential roles in peri-implantitis and the prevalent prevention strategies,which expects to provide new directions for the study of the pathogenesis and treatment of peri-implantitis.
基金financial support from National Na-ture Science Foundation of China(Nos.22078232 and 21938008)the Science and Technology Major Project of Tianjin(Nos.19ZXNCGX00030 and 20JCYBJC00870)Seed Foundation of Tianjin University(2022XJS-0051).
文摘Electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction(CO_(2) RR)is a promising method to solve current environment and energy issues.Copper-based catalysts have been widely studied for converting CO_(2) into value-added hy-drocarbon products.Cu monometallic catalyst has been proved to have some shortcomings,including relatively high energy barriers and diverse reaction pathways,leading to low reaction activities and poor product selec-tivity,respectively.Recently copper-based bimetallic tandem catalysts have attracted extensive attentions due to their special catalyst structure,which can be easily regulated to achieve high CO_(2) RR reactivity and product selectivity.With the development of quantum chemistry calculations and spectroscopic characterization methods,deep understandings of CO_(2) RR from the mechanism perspective provide a broad horizon for the design of effi-cient catalysts.This review offers a good summary of reaction mechanisms and product regulation strategies over copper-based bimetallic catalysts,along with a brief discussion on future directions towards their practical applications.
文摘Grid-level large-scale electrical energy storage(GLEES) is an essential approach for balancing the supply–demand of electricity generation, distribution, and usage. Compared with conventional energy storage methods, battery technologies are desirable energy storage devices for GLEES due to their easy modularization, rapid response, flexible installation, and short construction cycles. In general, battery energy storage technologies are expected to meet the requirements of GLEES such as peak shaving and load leveling, voltage and frequency regulation, and emergency response, which are highlighted in this perspective. Furthermore, several types of battery technologies, including lead–acid, nickel–cadmium, nickel–metal hydride, sodium–sulfur, lithium-ion, and flow batteries, are discussed in detail for the application of GLEES. Moreover, some possible developing directions to facilitate efforts in this area are presented to establish a perspective on battery technology, provide a road map for guiding future studies, and promote the commercial application of batteries for GLEES.
基金Supported by Tehran University of Medical Sciences(partially)
文摘AIM: To investigate the beneficial effect of the combination of butyrate, Lactobacillus casei, and L-carnitine in a rat colitis model.METHODS: Rats were divided into seven groups. Fourgroups received oral butyrate, L-carnitine, Lactobacillus casei and the combination of three agents for 10 consecutive days. The remaining groups included negative and positive controls and a sham group. Macroscopic, histopathological examinations, and biomarkers such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α) and interlukin-1β(IL-1β), myeloperoxidase(MPO), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS), and ferric reduced ability of plasma(FRAP) were determined in the colon.RESULTS: The combination therapy exhibited a significant beneficial effect in alleviation of colitis compared to controls. Overall changes in reduction of TNF-α(114.66 ± 18.26 vs 171.78 ± 9.48 pg/mg protein, P < 0.05), IL-1β(24.9 ± 1.07 vs 33.06 ± 2.16 pg/mg protein, P < 0.05), TBARS(0.2 ± 0.03 vs 0.49 ± 0.04 μg/mg protein, P < 0.01), MPO(15.32 ± 0.4 vs 27.24 ± 3.84 U/mg protein, P < 0.05), and elevation of FRAP(23.46 ± 1.2 vs 15.02 ± 2.37 μmol/L, P < 0.05) support the preference of the combination therapy in comparison to controls. Although the monotherapies were also effective in improvement of colitis markers, the combination therapy was much better in improvement of colon oxidative stress markers including FRAP, TBARS, and MPO.CONCLUSION: The present combination is a suitable mixture in control of experimental colitis and should be trialed in the clinical setting.
文摘Objective: Death depression is an important component in the process of death and dying. Death depression is the second element of death. Depression is one of the important features in death distress. The aim of this study was to explore the performance of the Farsi version of the Death Depression Scale with an Iranian convenience sample of nurses (n =106).Methods: Nurses were selected using a convenience sampling method, and completed the Death Depression Scale (DDS), Death Concern Scale (DCS), Collett-Lester Fear of Death Scale (CLFDS), Reasons for Death Fear Scale (RDFS), Templer's Death Anxiety Scale (DAS), and Death Obsession Scale (DOS). Results: The results of exploratory factor analysis on DDS identified 4 factors (56.16%of variance). Factor 1 labeled"Death sadness", Factor 2 labeled"Death finality/end and Death dread/fear", Factor 3 labeled"Death despair and Death depression", and Factor 4 labeled"Death loneliness". Cronbach's a coefficient was 0.84, Spearman-Brown coefficient 0.85, and Guttman Split-Half coefficient 0.81 The DDS correlated 0.40 with the DCS, 0.39 with the CLFDS, 0.50 with the DAS, 0.35 with the RDFS, and 0.44 with the DOS, indicating good construct and criterion-related validity. Concurrent validity for the DDS with the other scales were significant. Conclusions: The DDS has good validity and reliability, and it can use in clinical and research settings.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 91963113, 51701139, and U1601216)。
文摘Nanomaterials based on nickel foam(NF) have been widely applied in energy conversion and storage field.Traditional synthesis methods such as hydrothermal method which is dangerous and high cost limited the scalable developments.Herein,we report a fast,simple,and low-cost synthesis method of nanomaterials based on NF by Joule-heating and water soaking treatment.Thin carbon-coated CoS on NF(NF-C/CoS) was synthesized by Joule-heating for a few seconds with rapid cooling.And then,NF-C/CoS/NiOOH with core-shell heterostructure was fabricated by soaking treatment of NF-C/CoS in water on which NiOOH nanosheets grew spontaneously.The formation mechanism is proposed that the coordination complex precursor converts into C/CoS on NF driven by Joule-heating,and the nickel on the surface of NF is activated to form metastable nickel simultaneously.The metastable nickel reacting with water leads to the formation of NiOOH,and the induction of CoS makes NiOOH grow continuously.This synthesis technology provides a new route to manufacture NF-based nanostructures,and the as-fabricated NF-C/CoS/NiOOH exhibits great potential as electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction.