Coupling coordination analysis of Mazu culture,socio-economy and ecological environment of Meizhou Island

Taking the pilgrimage,tourism and cultural island of Meizhou Island as an example,the evaluation index system of the coupling and coordinated development of“Mazu culture,socio-economy,eco-environment”(MSE)compound system was constructed.The index weights were determined by AHP-entropy method,and the coupling degree,coordinated degree,comprehensive evaluation index and grey correlation degree of MSE system of Mazu Island from 2012 to 2022 were measure.The results showed that:(1)the comprehensive evaluation indexes of the three subsystems was on the rise in general,but the evaluation index of the ecological subsystems increased relatively slowly.(2)The coupling degree was only in the running-in stage in 2012,and the other years were in the coordinated coupling stage.(3)The coupling coordination degree increased from 0.35 in 2012 to 0.82 in 2022,the coupling coordination level was changed from mild imbalance to good coordination.(4)Through the comparison of grey correlation degree,the 24 indexes in the evaluation index system had great influence on the coupling coordination degree of MSE system.The coupling coordination degree was closely related to the development of socio-economy and the spread of Mazu culture.With the rapid development of tourism brought about by the spread of Mazu culture,the pressure on the ecological environment will be increasing.Compared with the rapid growth of tourism and economy,it is equally important to strengthen environmental protection and pay attention to the quality of ecological environment development.

Applying Design Thinking in Ecotourism Curriculum Design: The Educational Design Ladder

The design thinking approach transforms student’s learning process to connect with real-world experience, making connections between knowledge and improving critical thinking and problem-solving capability. Previous research has focused on what design thinking is taught (content) and how it is taught (learning modes and assessment). However, there needs to be an integrative approach in the context of ecotourism education. Therefore, applying Wrigley and Straker’s Educational Design Ladder mode, this study develops an Ecotourism Design Thinking Curriculum framework to combine the ecotourism content, teaching/learning mode and assessment.

INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR VETERINARY EPIDEMIOLOGY AND ECONOMICS

This letter is to announce the sixth meeting of the International Society of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics which will be held in Ottawa,Canada,August 10-16th, 1991. We have chosen Carleton University as the physical location of the meeting. At that time of year, it provides very good meeting rooms,eating facilities and lodging for a price that will allow us to keep registration and related costs at reasonable levels. For those

A novel model for extending international co-operation in science and education

In September 1994 the University of Twente, the Netherlands, and Zhejiang University, China, decided to cooperate in the field of science, education and management. After several visits of delegations from both sides it was considered worthwhile to explore further opportunities for mutual cooperation. The directors of international cooperation on each side jointly commissioned a project to investigate the potential in a systematic way and to establish further contacts where appropriate. This paper reports on the results of the research cum matching project. To reveal promising matches between multiple departments of both academic institutions a matching model for uni-versities was designed. The study was carried out along two parallel lines. In the research line the theoretical framework was developed into a model for international university co-operation. Moreover, an analysis was carried out on internal, external and cultural aspects resulting in a set of thirty four influencing factors. In the matching line a total of seventy interviews were held in order to identify promising matches between units at both universities. This line resulted in eleven promising matches for further co-operation. The novel model appeared useful in analyzing the variety of factors and in developing matches between both univer-sities. In the further implementation of the model the issues of 搇evel of co-operation?and 搕op-down versus bottom-up?need to be addressed in more detail.

International Collaboration between RSC and China

There is no doubt that international scientific collaboration has increased in recent years in terms of both volume and importance.The Royal Society of Chemistry(RSC) and our partners in China are continuously strengthening links with the chemical sciences community around the world through a number of initiatives.

国际护理教育中改进的双语翻转教学

芬兰存在护理人员短缺现象,因此开始招聘接受过国际教育的护士(internationally educated nurses,IENs)。芬兰教育系统的目标是吸引更多的国际学生,包括护理专业学生。由于语言障碍和文化差异,国际护理学生(international nursing students,INS)面临挑战。本文介绍了改进的双语翻转教学(bilingual modified flipped learning,BMFL)方法来解决这些问题。BMFL以建构主义学习理论为基础,结合了翻转学习和学习站,以促进INS的融入。它强调自主性和协作性,让学生参与课前内容和课上互动活动。该策略提高了学生的语言技能、临床决策和沟通能力。文章提出了支持实施BMFL的政策和实践建议,以解决护士短缺问题并帮助INS融入芬兰医疗保健工作队伍。

Hydrological response under CMIP6 climate projection in Astore River Basin,Pakistan

Climate change strongly influences the available water resources in a watershed due to direct linkage of atmospheric driving forces and changes in watershed hydrological processes.Understanding how these climatic changes affect watershed hydrology is essential for human society and environmental processes.Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6(CMIP6)dataset of three GCM's(BCC-CSM2-MR,INM-CM5-0,and MPIESM1-2-HR)with resolution of 100 km has been analyzed to examine the projected changes in temperature and precipitation over the Astore catchment during 2020-2070.Bias correction method was used to reduce errors.In this study,statistical significance of trends was performed by using the Man-Kendall test.Sen's estimator determined the magnitude of the trend on both seasonal and annual scales at Rama Rattu and Astore stations.MPI-ESM1-2-HR showed better results with coefficient of determination(COD)ranging from 0.70-0.74 for precipitation and 0.90-0.92 for maximum and minimum temperature at Astore,Rama,and Rattu followed by INM-CM5-0 and BCC-CSM2-MR.University of British Columbia Watershed model was used to attain the future hydrological series and to analyze the hydrological response of Astore River Basin to climate change.Results revealed that by the end of the 2070s,average annual precipitation is projected to increase up to 26.55%under the SSP1-2.6,6.91%under SSP2-4.5,and decrease up to 21.62%under the SSP5-8.5.Precipitation also showed considerable variability during summer and winter.The projected temperature showed an increasing trend that may cause melting of glaciers.The projected increase in temperature ranges from-0.66℃ to 0.50℃,0.9℃ to 1.5℃ and 1.18℃ to 2℃ under the scenarios of SSP1-2.6,SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5,respectively.Simulated streamflows presented a slight increase by all scenarios.Maximum streamflow was generated under SSP5-8.5 followed by SSP2-4.5 and SSP1-2.6.The snowmelt and groundwater contributions to streamflow have decreased whereas rainfall and glacier melt components have increased on the other hand.The projected streamflows(2020-2070)compared to the control period(1990-2014)showed a reduction of 3%-11%,2%-9%,and 1%-7%by SSP1-2.6,SSP2-4.5,and SSP5-8.5,respectively.The results revealed detailed insights into the performance of three GCMs,which can serve as a blueprint for regional policymaking and be expanded upon to establish adaption measures.

Consumers’experiences and preferences for plant-based meat food:Evidence from a choice experiment in four cities of China

This paper examined consumers’experiences in and preferences for plant-based meat(PBM)food and their respective correlates,based on data from an online survey of 579 consumers in four major cities in China in early 2021.We first described consumers’experiences in consuming and purchasing PBM food and their correlates,and then analyzed consumer preferences using hypothetical choice experiment.The experiment offered consumers various options to purchase burgers made from PBM or animal-based meat(ABM),combined with different countries of origin(COO),taste labels,and prices.Our data showed that respondents hold overall positive attitudes toward PBM food;85 and 82%of respondents reported experience in eating and purchasing PBM food,respectively.More than half of them ate PBM food because they wanted to try new food(58%),or were interested in healthy food(56%).Income,religion,and dietary restrictions were significantly correlated with consumers’experiences in PBM food consumption.Results from the Random Parameter Logit Model based on the hypothetical choice experiment data showed that 79%of respondents chose PBM burgers and were willing to pay an average of 88 CNY for a PBM burger.We also found that 99.8 and 83%of respondents are willing to buy burgers made in China and those with a taste label,with a willingness to pay(WTP)of 208 and 120 CNY,respectively.The heterogeneity test revealed that females and those with at least a bachelor’s degree,higher income,religious beliefs,and dietary restrictions are more likely to buy PBM burgers than their counterparts.

气候变化、土地利用/覆被变化及CO_2浓度升高对滦河流域径流的影响

在构建分布式水文模型与生物地球化学模型的耦合模型(DTVGM-CASACNP)及应用元胞自动机-马尔科夫(CA-Markov)土地利用预测模型基础上,以滦河流域为例分析气候变化、土地利用/覆被变化(LUCC)及CO2浓度升高对径流的影响。研究结果表明:DTVGM-CASACNP耦合模型以及CA-Markov模型在滦河流域均具有较好的适用性;气候变化与土地利用/植被覆盖变化对滦河流域径流的影响较CO2浓度升高的影响程度大;未来不同情景下滦河流域2020—2049年径流呈减小趋势,大部分情景下年径流较基准年减少,与非汛期相比,滦河流域未来汛期径流对不同情景更敏感,总体上在汛期径流相对基准年减少,而在非汛期径流相对基准年增加。

基于异源多时相遥感数据提取灌区作物种植结构

用遥感技术提取灌区作物种植结构需要源影像具有适宜的时空分辨率以适应其动态变化特征。该文综合运用多种遥感影像数据,将Landsat ETM+与MODIS NDVI数据融合区分灌区土地利用类型,由融合后的时间系列数据非监督分类结果提取植被指数变化信息,结合作物系数变化规律运用光谱耦合技术提取作物种植结构。根据该方法将漳河灌区作物种植结构区分为水稻—油菜、水稻—小麦、单季夏季作物以及双季经济作物。由地面统计数据和高分辨率IKONOS影像进行了检验,分类精度达到91%并且与统计数据相吻合。结果表明该法不仅能提供更为准确的灌区作物种植结构时空信息,而且节省影像购买成本,方便灌区尺度遥感应用。

一种简化蒸散发遥感反演模型及其在灌区的应用

提出简化的地表能量平衡模型(SSEB)将站点作物蒸散发量递推到整个灌区。首先由气象观测资料计算作物潜在蒸散发量,结合Landsat ETM+60 m热红外波段反演的地表温度差异把站点单日ET扩展到灌区,再融合ETM+和MODIS 1 km热红外时间系列数据,进一步提取全年灌区尺度蒸散发分布图。用湖北漳河灌区2000年的影像资料,将SSEB与SEBAL模型计算结果进行对比,结果表明,二者的决定系数R2达到了0.89。漳河灌区蒸散发主要来源于二、三干渠,年总蒸散发量中,作物蒸发蒸腾占67%,林地蒸散发占17%,水面加上裸地等其它用地的无效蒸散发占16%。

DotA2国际邀请赛的产品设计与营销推广

利用文献资料法和逻辑分析法,对DotA2国际邀请赛大获成功的原因进行分析。从相关营销理论出发,在简述DotA2这一项目的发展环境和市场需求的基础上,重点关注其产品设计与营销推广问题。指出,其基于"回馈"理念的价值重构、科学合理的赛制设计、高水平的赛事服务以及对观赛体验的高度重视,是其产品设计的成功经验;而通过设置丰厚的奖金以提高关注度、通过众筹奖金制进行情怀营销、通过地区化邀请覆盖更多受众、通过设置特色化赛事增强观众互动性与参与性、通过新媒体和自媒体的宣传为比赛造势等等,则是其营销策略的独到之处。DotA2国际邀请赛的成功优化了电竞事业的发展环境,对我国电竞项目和产业的发展也具有积极的启示意义。

Development of Magnesium-Dominant Soils Under Irrigated Agriculture in Southern Kazakhstan

Irrational irrigation practices in the Arys Turkestan Canal command area in the southern part of Kazakhstan have led to the formation of soils with poor physical and chemical properties. To study whether irrigation and leaching practices and/or groundwater rise have contributed to the accumulation of Mg2+ on the cation exchange complex of these soils, historical changes in soil and groundwater quality were used as source data and the Visual MINTEQ model was applied to analyze the chemical composition of water and soils in the study area. The imposed irrigation regime and the leaching of light sierosem soils led to the dissolution and subsequent leaching of inherent gypsum and organic matter from the soil profile. Further, the domination of bicarbonate in the irrigation water promoted weathering of the carbonate minerals present as calcite. The higher concentrations of Mg2+ in comparison to Ca2+ in the irrigation water resulted in the replacement of Na+ by Mg2+ on the cation exchange complex. In the lower part of the command area, shallow groundwater has contributed to the accumulation of Na+ and to a large extent of Mg2+ on the cation exchange sites.

Optimized design of drilling and blasting operations in open pit mines under technical and economic uncertainties by system dynamic modelling

Drilling and blasting are the two most significant operations in open pit mines that play a crucial role in downstream stages. While previous research has focused on optimizing these operations as two separate parts or merely in a specific parameter, this paper proposes a system dynamic model(SDM) for drilling and blasting operations as an interactive system. In addition, some technical and economic uncertainties such as rock density, uniaxial compressive strength, bit life and operating costs are considered in this system to evaluate the different optimization results. For this purpose, Vensim simulation software is utilized as a powerful dynamic tool for both modelling and optimizing under deterministic and uncertain conditions. It is concluded that an integrated optimization as opposed to the deterministic approach can be efficiently achieved. This however is dependent on the parameters that are considered as uncertainties.

Influence of irritable bowel syndrome on treatment outcome in gastroesophageal reflux disease

AIM: To investigate the influence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)-like symptoms on treatment outcomes with pantoprazole in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in a real life setting. METHODS: For this prospective, open-label, multinational, multicentre study, 1888 patients assessed by the investigators as suffering from GERD were recruited. The patients were additionally classified as with or without IBS-like symptoms at baseline. They were treated with pantoprazole 40 mg once daily and completed the Reflux Questionnaire (ReQuest) short version daily. Response rates and symptom scores were compared after 4 and 8 wk of treatment for subgroups defined by the subclasses of GERD [erosive(ERD) and non-erosive reflux disease (NERD)] and the presence of IBS-like symptoms. RESULTS: IBS-like symptoms were more prevalent in NERD than in ERD (18.3% vs 12.7%, P = 0.0015). Response rates after 4 and/or 8 wk of treatment were lower in patients with IBS-like symptoms than in patients without IBS-like symptoms in both ERD (Week 4: P < 0.0001, Week 8: P < 0.0339) and NERD (Week 8: P = 0.0088). At baseline, ReQuest "lower abdominal com- plaints" symptom scores were highest in NERD patients with IBS-like symptoms. Additionally, these patients had the strongest symptom improvement after treatment compared with all other subgroups. CONCLUSION: IBS-like symptoms influence treatment outcome and symptom burden in GERD and should be considered in management. Proton pump inhibitors can improve IBS-like symptoms, particularly in NERD.

Use of Human Excreta as Manure in Rural China

Empirical research has shown that the use of manure significantly improves crop yield, soil fertility and water and moisture conservation. Despite these documented benefits, however, there is a concern on the downward trend of manure use in agriculture in China. This paper examines factors contributing to this downward trend, with a particular focus on human excreta used in agriculture. Empirical analysis based on data from stratified random sampling of rural households in five provinces of China shows that about 85% of human excreta was still used as manure in agriculture in 2007 which was less than a decade ago when nearly all human excreta was used as manure. Econometric results suggest that income growth, rising population density and improvement in rural transportation significantly contribute to declining use of human excreta as manure in agriculture. These results imply that the current downward trend will continue given China＇s rising economic growth, urbanization and rural infrastructural improvement.

Identification of sand and dust storm source areas in Iran

Sand and dust storms （SDS） are common phenomena in arid and semi-arid areas. In recent years, SDS frequencies and intensities have increased significantly in Iran. A research on SDS sources is important for understanding the mechanisms of dust generation and assessing its socio-economic and environmental impacts. In this paper, we developed a new approach to identify SDS source areas in Iran using a combination of nine related datasets, namely drought events, temperature, precipitation, location of sandy soils, SDS frequency, hu- man-induced soil degradation （HISD）, human influence index （HII）, rain use efficiency （RUE） and net primary pro- ductivity （NPP） loss. To identify SDS source areas, we firstly normalized these datasets under uniform criteria in- cluding layer reprojection using Lambert conformal conic projection, data conversion from shapefile to raster, Min-Max Normalization with data range from 0 to 1, and data interpolation by Kriging and images resampling （resolution of 1 km）. After that, a score map for the possibility of SDS sources was generated through overlaying multiple datasets under average weight allocation criterion, in which each item obtained weight equally. In the score map, the higher the score, the more possible a specific area could be regarded as SDS source area. Exceptions mostly came from large cities, like Tehran and Isfahan. As a result, final SDS source areas were mapped out, and Al-Howizeh/Al-Azim marshes and Sistan Basin were identified as main SDS source areas in Iran. The SDS source area in Al-Howizeh/Al-Azim marshes still keeps expanding. In addition, Al-Howizeh/Al-Azim marshes are now suf- fering rapid land degradation due to natural and human-induced factors and might totally vanish in the near future. Sistan Basin also demonstrates the impacts of soil degradation and wind erosion. With appropriate intensity, dura- tion, wind speed and altitude of the dust storms, sand particles uplifting from this area might have developed into extreme dust storms, especially during the summer.