Preface In 2014,the journal Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(BCAS)published an article(Chinese Academy of Sciences,2014)entitled Towards Excellence in Science.In part it was an injunction to Chinese scienti...Preface In 2014,the journal Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(BCAS)published an article(Chinese Academy of Sciences,2014)entitled Towards Excellence in Science.In part it was an injunction to Chinese scientists and their institutions to set higher standards for themselves,but it was also a strong statement about the values of the scientific enterprise,one based on a deep regard for truth,rigour in its pursuit,and the responsibility of science in enhancing human wellbeing.It identified the mission of science as the discovery of new knowledge in the service of society and humanity,in strengthening self-governance and self-regulation in ways that uphold the reliability of the scientific method and aspire to high standards of honesty and integrity.展开更多
The evolution in knowledge and application of disaster risk reduction in the 25 years of global cooperation on this issue has been uneven. While advances in knowledge have improved our understanding of the full nature...The evolution in knowledge and application of disaster risk reduction in the 25 years of global cooperation on this issue has been uneven. While advances in knowledge have improved our understanding of the full nature of risk—the combination of hazards meeting vulnerability—the application of such knowledge has not been conducive to the development of institutional and technical mechanisms to address the full range of risk elements. Governance of risk(policies, legislation, and organizational arrangements) still focuses largely on preparing to respond to the hazards and planning for recovery. This leaves largely unattended the vulnerability component of risk, which is the only component on which change can be effected.Governance arrangements, risk assessments, early warning systems, and other institutional and technical capacities still concentrate on natural hazards and this is the main change that remains to be substantively addressed.展开更多
In the last century the impacts of human activity on natural processes that sustain the Earth’s biosphere,atmosphere,hydrosphere and lithosphere and that provide the bed-rock of human life support systems,have grown ...In the last century the impacts of human activity on natural processes that sustain the Earth’s biosphere,atmosphere,hydrosphere and lithosphere and that provide the bed-rock of human life support systems,have grown to the extent that they pose a credible existential threat to humanity.Today,the biggest challenge for science,technology and innovation(STI)is to contribute to the pursuit of global sustainability as exemplified in the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)that were adopted by the United Nations(UN)in 2015.展开更多
The increased number of data repositories has greatly increased the availability of open data.To enable broad discovery and access to research dataset,some data repositories have begun leveraging the web architecture ...The increased number of data repositories has greatly increased the availability of open data.To enable broad discovery and access to research dataset,some data repositories have begun leveraging the web architecture by embedding structured metadata markup in dataset web landing pages using vocabularies from Schema.org and extensions.This paper aims to examine metadata interoperability for supporting global data discovery.Specifically,the paper reports a survey on which metadata schema has been adopted by participating data repositories,and presents an analysis of crosswalks from fourteen research data schemas to Schema.org.The analysis indicates most descriptive metadata are interoperable among the schemas,the most inconsistent mapping is the rights metadata,and a large gap exists in the structural metadata and controlled vocabularies to specify various property values.The analysis and collated crosswalks can serve as a reference for data repositories when they develop crosswalks from their own schemas to Schema.org,and provide the research data community a benchmark of structured metadata implementation.展开更多
The Sendai Framework represents the most complete international policy instrument on disaster risk reduction to date.It complements and updates the Hyogo Framework and provides comprehensive guidance to governments,bu...The Sendai Framework represents the most complete international policy instrument on disaster risk reduction to date.It complements and updates the Hyogo Framework and provides comprehensive guidance to governments,but also to other organizations,NGOs,the private sector,local authorities,and academic institutions in their efforts to reduce risk related with natural hazards.展开更多
文摘Preface In 2014,the journal Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(BCAS)published an article(Chinese Academy of Sciences,2014)entitled Towards Excellence in Science.In part it was an injunction to Chinese scientists and their institutions to set higher standards for themselves,but it was also a strong statement about the values of the scientific enterprise,one based on a deep regard for truth,rigour in its pursuit,and the responsibility of science in enhancing human wellbeing.It identified the mission of science as the discovery of new knowledge in the service of society and humanity,in strengthening self-governance and self-regulation in ways that uphold the reliability of the scientific method and aspire to high standards of honesty and integrity.
文摘The evolution in knowledge and application of disaster risk reduction in the 25 years of global cooperation on this issue has been uneven. While advances in knowledge have improved our understanding of the full nature of risk—the combination of hazards meeting vulnerability—the application of such knowledge has not been conducive to the development of institutional and technical mechanisms to address the full range of risk elements. Governance of risk(policies, legislation, and organizational arrangements) still focuses largely on preparing to respond to the hazards and planning for recovery. This leaves largely unattended the vulnerability component of risk, which is the only component on which change can be effected.Governance arrangements, risk assessments, early warning systems, and other institutional and technical capacities still concentrate on natural hazards and this is the main change that remains to be substantively addressed.
文摘In the last century the impacts of human activity on natural processes that sustain the Earth’s biosphere,atmosphere,hydrosphere and lithosphere and that provide the bed-rock of human life support systems,have grown to the extent that they pose a credible existential threat to humanity.Today,the biggest challenge for science,technology and innovation(STI)is to contribute to the pursuit of global sustainability as exemplified in the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)that were adopted by the United Nations(UN)in 2015.
文摘The increased number of data repositories has greatly increased the availability of open data.To enable broad discovery and access to research dataset,some data repositories have begun leveraging the web architecture by embedding structured metadata markup in dataset web landing pages using vocabularies from Schema.org and extensions.This paper aims to examine metadata interoperability for supporting global data discovery.Specifically,the paper reports a survey on which metadata schema has been adopted by participating data repositories,and presents an analysis of crosswalks from fourteen research data schemas to Schema.org.The analysis indicates most descriptive metadata are interoperable among the schemas,the most inconsistent mapping is the rights metadata,and a large gap exists in the structural metadata and controlled vocabularies to specify various property values.The analysis and collated crosswalks can serve as a reference for data repositories when they develop crosswalks from their own schemas to Schema.org,and provide the research data community a benchmark of structured metadata implementation.
文摘The Sendai Framework represents the most complete international policy instrument on disaster risk reduction to date.It complements and updates the Hyogo Framework and provides comprehensive guidance to governments,but also to other organizations,NGOs,the private sector,local authorities,and academic institutions in their efforts to reduce risk related with natural hazards.
