Experimental Study and Modeling of an Adiabatic Fixed-bed Reactor for Methanol Dehydration to Dimethyl Ether

One-dimensional heterogeneous plug flow model was employed to model an adiabatic fixed-bed reactor for the catalytic dehydration of methanol to dimethyl ether.Longitudinal temperature and conversion profiles predicted by this model were compared to those experimentally measured in a bench scale reactor.The reactor was packed with 1.5mm γ-Al2O3 pellets as dehydration catalyst and operated in a temperature range of 543-603K at an atmospheric pressure.Also,the effects of weight hourly space velocity(WHSV)and temperature on methanol conversion were investigated.According to the results,the maximum conversion is obtained at 603.15K with WHSV of 72.87h-1.

Effect of surface nanocrystallization and PPEC time on complex nanocrystalline hard layer fabricated by plasma electrolysis

Size distribution of nano-carbides produced by duplex treatments of surface nanocrystallization(by surface severe plastic deformation) and plasma electrolytic carburizing on CP-Ti was investigated.Skewness and kurtosis of Gussian shape distribution curves were studied and the effect of time was determined.The usage of longer time is more suitable for achieving less size of complex nano-carbides.Surface roughness of treated samples was measured.It is observed that there is an optimum level for time on surface roughness increasing(difference between two measured data).

Titania Nanostructures for Dye-sensitized Solar Cells

Titania is one kind of important materials, which has been extensively investigated because of its unique electronic and optical properties. Research efforts have largely focused on the optimization of the dye,but recently the titania nanostructures electrode itself has attracted more attention. It has been shown that particle size, shape, crystallinity, surface morphology, and chemistry of the TiO_2 material are key parameters which should be controlled for optimized performance of the solar cell. Titania can be found in different shape of nanostructures including mesoporous, nanotube, nanowire, and nanorod structures. The present article reviews the structural, synthesis, electronic, and optical properties of TiO_2 nanostructures for dye sensitized solar cells.

Weldability and liquation cracking behavior of ZhS6U superalloy during electron-beam welding

The weldability of the ZhS6U nickel-based superalloy, which is prone to solidification cracking during electron-beam welding(EBW) repair processes, was investigated. The effects of two different pre-weld heat-treatment cycles on the final microstructure before and after welding were examined. Welds were made on flat coupons using an EBW machine, and the two heat-treatment cycles were designed to reduce γ′ liquation before welding. Microstructural features were also examined by optical and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the change in the morphology and size of the γ′ precipitates in the pre-weld heat-treatment cycles changed the ability of the superalloy to release the tensile stresses caused by the matrix phase cooling after EBW. The high hardness in the welded coupons subjected to the first heat-treatment cycle resulted in greater resistance to stress release by the base alloy, and the concentration of stress in the base metal caused liquation cracks in the heat-affected zone and solidification cracks in the weld area.

Effect of the duty cycle of pulsed current on nanocomposite layers formed by pulsed electrodeposition

Nickel-tungsten/carbon nanotube nanocomposite layers with high content and uniform dispersion of carbon nanotubes were fabricated using pulsed electrodeposition technique.Nanocomposite layers were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, microhardness, and Tafel polarization tests.The effect of the duty cycle of pulsed current or concentration of carbon nanotubes in the metallic matrix on electrochemical and mechanical properties of obtained layers has been investigated.It has been shown that both the electrochemical and mechanical properties of nanocomposite layers that formed by pulsed current were improved significantly with respect to un-composed Ni-W layer.The results were not only concerned by the concentration of carbon nanotubes in the layer but also influenced by the distribution of nanoparticulates in the metallic matrix.

A Review on Date Palm Tree:Properties,Characterization and Its Potential Applications

Date palm(phoenix dactylifera),which is mostly found in the middle east countries such as Iran,Iraq,Saudi Arabia,and the United States(California)that play a significant role in the economical and the environmental condition in those areas.The main purpose of planting dates is its fruit,which is consumed as fresh,dried or processed forms.There are approximately 100 million date palm trees in the worldwide that 62 million of these trees located in the Middle East and North Africa.In Saudi Arabia only,15000 tons of date palm leaves is prepared as waste materials.The leaves of date palm tree are used in several applications such as making ropes,baskets,and mats in many parts of the world.Unfortunately,the huge amount of the non-food products from the date palm remains as landfill materials without any specific usage.By attention to the date palm properties,the literature clearly showed that each part of date palm has great potential to be used for a variety of applications such as:making paper,absorption of heavy and toxic metals,energy production and soil fertilizing.Some of the obstacles and solutions for using palm date in these applications were also explored.Considering these issues and their solutions,the date palm is a favorable alternative.Despite some limited and traditional uses of these palm wastes,this review considered date palm applications and the properties’of the most important part of that tree in recent researches and related issues for future research are also spotted.

Modified Coated Copper Wire as a New Fiber for SPME-GC Analysis of Some Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

In this study for the first time, a novel copper Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) fiber has been introduced for removal of naphthalene, phenanthrene and anthracene from aqueous solution. Copper was used as a solid support, which was at first coated by 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysi- lane. A stationary phase of oxidized multi walled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs)) was bonded to the surface of the copper wire. The developed SPME was characterized by IR and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and coupled to gas chromatography for separation of the analytes. Stability of the fiber, the effect of coating thickness and recovery time were optimized. The MWCNTs film thickness was about 5 μm which was perfect for a rapid mass transfer. The detection limits were at the range of 0.005 to 0.1 μg·L-1. The calibration curves were linear R2 > 0.9813 in the range of 0.01 to 5 μg·L-1. The method has been successfully applied for real samples with standard addition of 5 μL-1 of each sample. Stability study of the fiber to acid and alkali shows that it can be used for more than 50 times.

A Review of Machine Learning and Algorithmic Methods for Protein Phosphorylation Site Prediction

Post-translational modifications(PTMs)have key roles in extending the functional diversity of proteins and,as a result,regulating diverse cellular processes in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms.Phosphorylation modification is a vital PTM that occurs in most proteins and plays a significant role in many biological processes.Disorders in the phosphorylation process lead to multiple diseases,including neurological disorders and cancers.The purpose of this review is to organize this body of knowledge associated with phosphorylation site(p-site)prediction to facilitate future research in this field.At first,we comprehensively review all related databases and introduce all steps regarding dataset creation,data preprocessing,and method evaluation in p-site prediction.Next,we investigate p-site prediction methods,which are divided into two computational groups:algorithmic and machine learning(ML).Additionally,it is shown that there are basically two main approaches for p-site prediction by ML:conventional and end-to-end deep learning methods,both of which are given an overview.Moreover,this review introduces the most important feature extraction techniques,which have mostly been used in p-site prediction.Finally,we create three test sets from new proteins related to the released version of the database of protein post-translational modifications(dbPTM)in 2022 based on general and human species.Evaluating online p-site prediction tools on newly added proteins introduced in the dbPTM 2022 release,distinct from those in the dbPTM 2019 release,reveals their limitations.In other words,the actual performance of these online p-site prediction tools on unseen proteins is notably lower than the results reported in their respective research pape.

含Nb的Cu-Zr-Al基大块金属玻璃的玻璃形成能力和力学性能(英文)

研究了由真空吸铸法制备的直径为2.5mm的(Cu50Zr43Al7)100Nbx(x=0,1,3,6,9)大块金属玻璃棒的力学性能。在温室条件下进行的单轴压缩试验结果表明,当x=3时样品具有最佳的力学性能(塑性应变和断裂强度分别为2.8%和1.98GPa)。采用扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)方法观察样品的微观结构、断裂面和剪切带。

渗透参数对钨丝增强Cu_(47)Ti_(33)Zr_(11)Ni_6Sn_2Si_1金属玻璃基复合材料力学性能和显微组织的影响(英文)

在不同温度(850,900,950和1000°C)和时间(10,20和30min)下,采用渗透工艺,在石英管或钢管中制备钨丝增强Cu47Ti33Zr11Ni6Sn2Si1金属玻璃基复合材料。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)技术研究样品的组织,并测试了样品的力学性能。结果表明,900°C时在钢管中渗透10min制备的复合材料的最高强度和伸长率分别达到1778MPa和2.8%,850°C时在石英管中渗透10min制备的复合材料的最高强度和伸长率分别达到1582MPa和3.6%。

熔体渗透参数对钨丝增强(Cu_(50)Zn_(43)Al_(7))_(99.5)Si_(0.5)非晶复合材料显微组织和力学性能的影响（英文）

在不同的温度(965,990和1015°C)和时间(10和15 min)下,使用熔体渗透铸造制备钨丝增强的(Cu50Zn43Al7)99.5Si0.5块体非晶复合材料。通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜和准静态压缩实验表征材料的显微组织和力学性能。结果表明:在渗透温度为965°C下保温15 min时制备的非晶复合材料,获得的最大极限抗压强度和失效应变分别为1880 MPa和16.7%。

预循环氧化对无涂层和有Pt-Al涂层的Rene®80高温合金的高温低循环疲劳寿命的影响

预测金属合金的疲劳寿命是冶金和机械工程领域中最重要的研究之一。在高温下,表面氧化对合金的疲劳强度和延展性有重要影响。本文研究了预循环氧化对无涂层和有Pt-Al涂层的镍基高温合金Rene®80在930℃时的高温低循环疲劳(HTLCF)性能的影响。将有涂层和无涂层的疲劳试样在燃烧器钻机中进行发动机热暴露模拟(1100℃,120次循环)。循环氧化过程中涂层的微观结构由双相(ξ-PtAl_(2)+β-(Ni、Pt)Al)转变为单相(β-(Ni、Pt)Al)。结果显示,与未暴露的无涂层试样相比,未暴露的涂层试样(预循环氧化)的HTLCF寿命延长了约11.5%,暴露涂层试样(后循环氧化)的仅延长了5%。虽然断裂试样的断口表现为混合模式断裂形态(延性和脆性),但暴露涂层/无涂层的试样断口大部分属于脆性断裂。

Solvent extraction and separation of light rare earth elements (La, Pr and Nd) in the presence of lactic acid as a complexing agent by Cyanex 272 in kerosene and the effect of citric acid,acetic acid and Titriplex Ⅲ as auxiliary agents

At present, the use of rare earth elements（REEs） has become an inevitable necessity in many modern industries. In general, liquid extraction is the best commercial method for extracting REEs due to its ability to control high volumes of liquids with electrical load. With the aim of improving a separation technology that would be superior to the existing extraction systems, the extraction behaviors of La（Ⅲ）,Pr（Ⅲ）, and Nd（Ⅲ） from an HCI medium with Cyanex 272 in the presence of the complexing agent lactic acid（HLac） and auxiliary agents citric acid（H3 Cit）, acetic acid（HAc）, and Titriplex Ⅲ have been reported.The effect of pH and lactic acid concentration has been examined. The use of lactic acid as a complexing agent leading to a high extraction of REEs with Cyanex 272 at pH = 5 was compared with systems without lactic acid. The results show that the use of acetic acid along with lactic acid leads to an increase in the extraction percentage of LREEs. While use of citric acid and Titriplex Ⅲ reduces the extraction percentage of LREEs. Finally, the presence of Titriplex Ⅲ together with lactic acid could lead to an increase in the separation factor of Pr and Nd.

The Faces of Fungi database:fungal names linked with morphology,phylogeny and human impacts

Taxonomic names are key links between various databases that store information on different organisms.Several global fungal nomenclural and taxonomic databases(notably Index Fungorum,Species Fungorum and MycoBank)can be sourced to find taxonomic details about fungi,while DNA sequence data can be sourced from NCBI,EBI and UNITE databases.Although the sequence data may be linked to a name,the quality of the metadata is variable and generally there is no corresponding link to images,descriptions or herbarium material.There is generally no way to establish the accuracy of the names in these genomic databases,other than whether the submission is from a reputable source.To tackle this problem,a new database(FacesofFungi),accessible at www.facesoffungi.org(FoF)has been established.This fungal database allows deposition of taxonomic data,phenotypic details and other useful data,which will enhance our current taxonomic understanding and ultimately enable mycologists to gain better and updated insights into the current fungal classification system.In addition,the database will also allow access to comprehensive metadata including descriptions of voucher and type specimens.This database is user-friendly,providing links and easy access between taxonomic ranks,with the classification system based primarily on molecular data(from the literature and via updated web-based phylogenetic trees),and to a lesser extent on morphological data when molecular data are unavailable.In FoF species are not only linked to the closest phylogenetic representatives,but also relevant data is provided,wherever available,on various applied aspects,such as ecological,industrial,quarantine and chemical uses.The data include the three main fungal groups(Ascomycota,Basidiomycota,Basal fungi)and fungus-like organisms.The FoF webpage is an output funded by the Mushroom Research Foundation which is an NGO with seven directors with mycological expertise.The webpage has 76 curators,and with the help of these specialists,FoF will provide an updated natural classification of the fungi,with illustrated accounts of species linked to molecular data.The present paper introduces the FoF database to the scientific community and briefly reviews some of the problems associated with classification and identification of the main fungal groups.The structure and use of the database is then explained.We would like to invite all mycologists to contribute to these web pages.

Fungal diversity notes 111-252-taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa

This paper is a compilation of notes on 142 fungal taxa,including five new families,20 new genera,and 100 new species,representing a wide taxonomic and geographic range.The new families,Ascocylindricaceae,Caryosporaceae and Wicklowiaceae(Ascomycota)are introduced based on their distinct lineages and unique morphology.The new Dothideomycete genera Pseudomassariosphaeria(Amniculicolaceae),Heracleicola,Neodidymella and Pseudomicrosphaeriopsis(Didymellaceae),Pseudopithomyces(Didymosphaeriaceae),Brunneoclavispora,Neolophiostoma and Sulcosporium(Halotthiaceae),Lophiohelichrysum(Lophiostomataceae),Galliicola,Populocrescentia and Vagicola(Phaeosphaeriaceae),Ascocylindrica(Ascocylindricaceae),Elongatopedicellata(Roussoellaceae),Pseudoasteromassaria(Latoruaceae)and Pseudomonodictys(Macrodiplodiopsidaceae)are introduced.The newly described species of Dothideomycetes(Ascomycota)are Pseudomassariosphaeria bromicola(Amniculicolaceae),Flammeascoma lignicola(Anteagloniaceae),Ascocylindrica marina(Ascocylindricaceae),Lembosia xyliae(Asterinaceae),Diplodia crataegicola and Diplodia galiicola(Botryosphaeriaceae),Caryospora aquatica(Caryosporaceae),Heracleicola premilcurensis and Neodidymella thailandicum(Didymellaceae),Pseudopithomyces palmicola(Didymosphaeriaceae),Floricola viticola(Floricolaceae),Brunneoclavispora bambusae,Neolophiostoma pigmentatum and Sulcosporium thailandica(Halotthiaceae),Pseudoasteromassaria fagi(Latoruaceae),Keissleriella dactylidicola(Lentitheciaceae),Lophiohelichrysum helichrysi(Lophiostomataceae),Aquasubmersa japonica(Lophiotremataceae),Pseudomonodictys tectonae(Macrodiplodiopsidaceae),Microthyrium buxicola and Tumidispora shoreae(Microthyriaceae),Alloleptosphaeria clematidis,Allophaeosphaeria cytisi,Allophaeosphaeria subcylindrospora,Dematiopleospora luzulae,Entodesmium artemisiae,Galiicola pseudophaeosphaeria,Loratospora luzulae,Nodulosphaeria senecionis,Ophiosphaerella aquaticus,Populocrescentia forlicesenensis and Vagicola vagans(Phaeosphaeriaceae),Elongatopedicellata lignicola,Roussoella magnatum and Roussoella angustior(Roussoellaceae)and Shrungabeeja longiappendiculata(Tetraploasphaeriaceae).The new combinations Pseudomassariosphaeria grandispora,Austropleospora archidendri,Pseudopithomyces chartarum,Pseudopithomyces maydicus,Pseudopithomyces sacchari,Vagicola vagans,Punctulariopsis cremeoalbida and Punctulariopsis efibulata Dothideomycetes.The new genera Dictyosporella(Annulatascaceae),and Tinhaudeus(Halosphaeriaceae)are introduced in Sordariomycetes(Ascomycota)while Dictyosporella aquatica(Annulatascaceae),Chaetosphaeria rivularia(Chaetosphaeriaceae),Beauveria gryllotalpidicola and Beauveria loeiensis(Cordycipitaceae),Seimatosporium sorbi and Seimatosporium pseudorosarum(Discosiaceae),Colletotrichum aciculare,Colletotrichum fusiforme and Colletotrichum hymenocallidicola(Glomerellaceae),Tinhaudeus formosanus(Halosphaeriaceae),Pestalotiopsis subshorea and Pestalotiopsis dracaenea(Pestalotiopsiceae),Phaeoacremonium tectonae(Togniniaceae),Cytospora parasitica and Cytospora tanaitica(Valsaceae),Annulohypoxylon palmicola,Biscogniauxia effusae and Nemania fusoideis(Xylariaceae)are introduced as novel species to order Sordariomycetes.The newly described species of Eurotiomycetes are Mycocalicium hyaloparvicellulum(Mycocaliciaceae).Acarospora septentrionalis and Acarospora castaneocarpa(Acarosporaceae),Chapsa multicarpa and Fissurina carassensis(Graphidaceae),Sticta fuscotomentosa and Sticta subfilicinella(Lobariaceae)are newly introduced in class Lecanoromycetes.In class Pezizomycetes,Helvella pseudolacunosa and Helvella rugosa(Helvellaceae)are introduced as new species.The new families,Dendrominiaceae and Neoantrodiellaceae(Basidiomycota)are introduced together with a new genus Neoantrodiella(Neoantrodiellaceae),here based on both morphology coupled with molecular data.In the class Agaricomycetes,Agaricus pseudolangei,Agaricus haematinus,Agaricus atrodiscus and Agaricus exilissimus(Agaricaceae),Amanita melleialba,Amanita pseudosychnopyramis and Amanita subparvipantherina(Amanitaceae),Entoloma calabrum,Cora barbulata,Dictyonema gomezianum and Inocybe granulosa(Inocybaceae),Xerocomellus sarnarii(Boletaceae),Cantharellus eucalyptorum,Cantharellus nigrescens,Cantharellus tricolor and Cantharellus variabilicolor(Cantharellaceae),Cortinarius alboamarescens,Cortinarius brunneoalbus,Cortinarius ochroamarus,Cortinarius putorius and Cortinarius seidlii(Cortinariaceae),Hymenochaete micropora and Hymenochaete subporioides(Hymenochaetaceae),Xylodon ramicida(Schizoporaceae),Colospora andalasii(Polyporaceae),Russula guangxiensis and Russula hakkae(Russulaceae),Tremella dirinariae,Tremella graphidis and Tremella pyrenulae(Tremellaceae)are introduced.Four new combinations Neoantrodiella gypsea,Neoantrodiella thujae(Neoantrodiellaceae),Punctulariopsis cremeoalbida,Punctulariopsis efibulata(Punctulariaceae)are also introduced here for the division Basidiomycota.Furthermore Absidia caatinguensis,Absidia koreana and Gongronella koreana(Cunninghamellaceae),Mortierella pisiformis and Mortierella formosana(Mortierellaceae)are newly introduced in the Zygomycota,while Neocallimastix cameroonii and Piromyces irregularis(Neocallimastigaceae)are introduced in the Neocallimastigomycota.Reference specimens or changes in classification and notes are provided for Alternaria ethzedia,Cucurbitaria ephedricola,Austropleospora,Austropleospora archidendri,Byssosphaeria rhodomphala,Lophiostoma caulium,Pseudopithomyces maydicus,Massariosphaeria,Neomassariosphaeria and Pestalotiopsis montellica.

Fungal diversity notes 253-366:taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa

Notes on 113 fungal taxa are compiled in this paper,including 11 new genera,89 new species,one new subspecies,three new combinations and seven reference specimens.Awide geographic and taxonomic range of fungal taxa are detailed.In the Ascomycota the new genera Angustospora(Testudinaceae),Camporesia(Xylariaceae),Clematidis,Crassiparies(Pleosporales genera incertae sedis),Farasanispora,Longiostiolum(Pleosporales genera incertae sedis),Multilocularia(Parabambusicolaceae),Neophaeocryptopus(Dothideaceae),Parameliola(Pleosporales genera incertae sedis),and Towyspora(Lentitheciaceae)are introduced.Newly introduced species are Angustospora nilensis,Aniptodera aquibella,Annulohypoxylon albidiscum,Astrocystis thailandica,Camporesia sambuci,Clematidis italica,Colletotrichum menispermi,C.quinquefoliae,Comoclathris pimpinellae,Crassiparies quadrisporus,Cytospora salicicola,Diatrype thailandica,Dothiorella rhamni,Durotheca macrostroma,Farasanispora avicenniae,Halorosellinia rhizophorae,Humicola koreana,Hypoxylon lilloi,Kirschsteiniothelia tectonae,Lindgomyces okinawaensis,Longiostiolum tectonae,Lophiostoma pseudoarmatisporum,Moelleriella phukhiaoensis,M.pongdueatensis,Mucoharknessia anthoxanthi,Multilocularia bambusae,Multiseptospora thysanolaenae,Neophaeocryptopus cytisi,Ocellularia arachchigei,O.ratnapurensis,Ochronectria thailandica,Ophiocordyceps karstii,Parameliola acaciae,P.dimocarpi,Parastagonospora cumpignensis,Pseudodidymosphaeria phlei,Polyplosphaeria thailandica,Pseudolachnella brevifusiformis,Psiloglonium macrosporum,Rhabdodiscus albodenticulatus,Rosellinia chiangmaiensis,Saccothecium rubi,Seimatosporium pseudocornii,S.pseudorosae,Sigarispora ononidis and Towyspora aestuari.New combinations are provided for Eutiarosporella dactylidis(sexual morph described and illus trated)and Pseudocamarosporium pini.Descriptions,illustrations and/or reference specimens are designated for Aposphaeria corallinolutea,Cryptovalsa ampelina,Dothiorella vidmadera,Ophiocordyceps formosana,Petrakia echinata,Phragmoporthe conformis and Pseudocamarosporium pini.The new species of Basidiomycota are Agaricus coccyginus,A.luteofibrillosus,Amanita atrobrunnea,A.digitosa,A.gleocystidiosa,A.pyriformis,A.strobilipes,Bondarzewia tibetica,Cortinarius albosericeus,C.badioflavidus,C.dentigratus,C.duboisensis,C.fragrantissimus,C.roseobasilis,C.vinaceobrunneus,C.vinaceogrisescens,C.wahkiacus,Cyanoboletus hymenoglutinosus,Fomitiporia atlantica,F.subtilissima,Ganoderma wuzhishanensis,Inonotus shoreicola,Lactifluus armeniacus,L.ramipilosus,Leccinum indoaurantiacum,Musumecia alpina,M.sardoa,Russula amethystina subp.tengii and R.wangii are introduced.Descriptions,illustrations,notes and/or reference specimens are designated for Clarkeinda trachodes,Dentocorticium ussuricum,Galzinia longibasidia,Lentinus stuppeus and Leptocorticium tenellum.The other new genera,species new combinations are Anaeromyces robustus,Neocallimastix californiae and Piromyces finnis from Neocallimastigomycota,Phytophthora estuarina,P.rhizophorae,Salispina,S.intermedia,S.lobata and S.spinosa from Oomycota,and Absidia stercoraria,Gongronella orasabula,Mortierella calciphila,Mucor caatinguensis,M.koreanus,M.merdicola and Rhizopus koreanus in Zygomycota.

Pro-environmental analysis of farmers'concerns and behaviors towards soil conservation in central district of Sari County,Iran

This study aimed to pro-environmentally analyze farmers'concerns and behaviors towards soil conservation.This research was a descriptive,causal,and correlational and conducted through a survey technique.The study population consisted of all farmers at the central district of Sari county,Iran(N=9621).Based on the Cochran's formula,120 farmers were selected using stratified random sampling.The instrument employed in this study was a questionnaire with its validity being confirmed by a number of academic experts and agriculture specialists and its reliability being proved using Cronbach's alpha coefficients in a pilot study(outside the scope of the current study).(0.66≤α≤0.90).The results of the analysis regarding the effects of independent variables on the variables"soil conservation behavior"and"soil conservation concern"indicated that,among the variables affecting these two variables,the variable"attitude towards soil conservation"was the most powerful predictor of"soil conservation concerns"and the variable"social pressures on soil conservation"predicted farmers'"soil conservation behaviors"better.Furthermore,the independent variables used in this research could predict 42% of the variance in terms of soil conservation concern and 21% of the variance in terms of soil conservation behavior.These findings can be practical and appropriate for executive officials since,instead of making efforts to direct change the behavior,they can first focus on conceptual changes and persuasive changes like changing attitudes towards soil conservation.

One stop shop Ⅱ:taxonomic update with molecular phylogeny for important phytopathogenic genera:26–50(2019)

This paper is the second in a series focused on providing a stable platform for the taxonomy of phytopathogenic fungi.It focuses on 25 phytopathogenic genera:Alternaria,Bipolaris,Boeremia,Botryosphaeria,Calonectria,Coniella,Corticiaceae,Curvularia,Elsinoe,Entyloma,Erythricium,Fomitiporia,Fulviformes,Laetisaria,Limonomyces,Neofabraea,Neofusicoccum,Phaeoacremonium,Phellinotus,Phyllosticta,Plenodomus,Pseudopyricularia,Tilletia,Venturia and Waitea,using recent molecular data,up to date names and the latest taxonomic insights.For each genus a taxonomic background,diversity aspects,species identification and classification based on molecular phylogeny and recommended genetic markers are provided.In this study,varieties of the genus Boeremia have been elevated to species level.Botryosphaeria,Bipolaris,Curvularia,Neofusicoccum and Phyllosticta that were included in the One Stop Shop 1 paper are provided with updated entries,as many new species have been introduced to these genera.