The use of DCEEG to estimate functional and metabolic state of nervous tissue of the brain at hyper- and hypoventilation

A pilot study has been made of the simultaneous DC potential and total slow electrical activity changes during modeling various metabolic and functional states of the human brain. The multi-electrode DCEEG recordings have been performed during the hyperventilation (frequent deep one-minute long breathing motions) and the hypoventilation (voluntary breath holding). It has been shown that the ischemic state occurring in hyperventilation is accompanied by the negative shift of DC potential and increase in the EEG rhythms amplitude. A distention of brain vessels during hypoventilation (voluntary breath-hold) and an improvement of blood supply and thus improvement of vital and functional state of neurons gave rise to an increase in the EEG rhythm amplitude too, though against a background of a positive DC-potential shift. Obtained results are considered with context the generation of the qualitatively different functional states of brain cells during hyper- and hypoventilation which is reflected in their resting potential and activity. The conducted study show the prospects for DCEEG and the method we used for DCEEG data processing to understand the character of functional and metabolic changes in the nervous tissue.

A Possibility of Application of Wave Flow Method for Visualization of Shor States

The present work provides a brief analysis of experimental investigations related to quantum computer creation. The first step to the real quantum creation could be visualization of Shor states. Such visualization is based on the use of the phenomenon of the secondary wave generated by incident electromagnetic irradiation on the object which undergoes screening. This electromagnetic irradiation under certain conditions can be transformed into waves of other type, for example, surface plazmons. The massif from n quantum objects generating secondary irradiation, in principle, can be considered as a route to materialization on Shor cells. In such a way, a system of q-bites of quantum computer can be realized.

Consideration of the influence of supports in modeling the electromagnetic fields of 25 kV traction networks under emergency conditions

Single-phase 25 kV traction networks of electrified alternating current(AC)railways create electromagnetic fields(EMFs)with significant levels of intensity.The most intense magnetic fields occur when short circuits exist between the contact wire and rails or ground.Despite the short duration of exposure,they can adversely affect electronic devices and induce significant voltages in adjacent power lines,which is dangerous for operating personnel.Although numerous investigations have focused on modeling the EMF of traction networks and power lines,the challenge of determining the three-dimensional electromagnetic fields near metal supports during the flow of a short-circuit current through them is yet to be resolved.In this case,the field has a complex spatial structure that significantly complicates the calculations of intensities.This study proposes a methodology,algorithms,software,and digital models for determining the EMF in the described emergency scenarios.During the modeling process,the objects being studied were represented by segments of thin wires to analyze the distribution of the electric charge and calculate the intensities of the electric and magnetic fields.This approach was implemented in the Fazonord software,and the modeling results show a substantial increase in EMF levels close to the support,with a noticeable decrease in the levels as the distance from it increases.The procedure implemented in the commercial software Fazonord is universal and can be used to determine electromagnetic fields at any electrical power facility that includes live parts of limited length.Based on the proposed procedure,the EMF near the supports of overhead power lines and traction networks of various designs could be determined,the EMF levels at substations can be calculated,and the influence of metal structures located near traction networks,such as pedestrian crossings at railway stations,can be considered.

Changes in renal function and morphological variations of kidney diseases in rheumatoid arthritis patients

Objective:Rheumatoid nephropathy is one of the most severe extra-articular manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis(RA)associated with a very unfavorable prognosis.This study aimed to identify changes in renal function and morphological variations of kidney diseases in RA patients.Methods:The study enrolled patients(126 patients)between 18 and 55 years of age with a confirmed active RA of more than 12 months.Each patient underwent the following range of laboratory and instrumental research methods:general clinical analysis of blood and urine,performing urinalysis according to Nechiporenko method;determining daily proteinuria;determining the blood content of glucose,urea,creatinine,uric acid,total bilirubin,liver transaminase level,ionogram,lipidogram,and coagulogram;determining the blood content of rheumatoid factor,anti-streptolysin O,and C-reactive protein;and X-ray of the joints of hands and feet.Renal function was examined by estimating glomerular filtration rate,tubular reabsorption index,and renal functional reserve.For studying the morphological changes in the kidneys under ultrasound examination,renal biopsy was performed in 31 patients with RA with urinary syndrome(proteinuria more than 0.3 g per day and hematuria).Results:Nephropathy in RA is characterized by impaired renal function and manifested by an increased blood creatinine and a decrease in glomerular filtration rate and renal functional reserve.Among morphological variations of nephropathy at RA,mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis prevails,accounting for 48.4%of patients.Other disorders include the secondary amyloidosis(29.0%of patients),tubulointerstitial nephritis(16.1%),membranous glomerulonephritis(3.2%),and focal-segmental glomerulosclerosis(3.2%).Conclusion:Kidney damage is a common systemic manifestation of RA with a long and active course,a major nephropathy trigger.

Distribution and diversity of microbial communities in meromictic soda Lake Doroninskoe(Transbaikalia,Russia) during winter

Meromictic soda and saline lakes are unique ecosystems characterized by the stability of physical,chemical and biological parameters,and they are distributed all over the world.Lakes located in regions with average annual negative air temperature are of particular interest because of the presence of two periods with intensive and dynamic processes:the so-called biological summer and the long ice season with the biological spring.Soda Lake Doroninskoe is located in Eastern Transbaikalia(51°14′N,112°14′E) in the permafrost zone in an extreme continental climate,and is covered by ice for seven months per year.The structure and diversity of the microbial communities throughout the water column of the lake was studied by 16 S r RNA gene amplicon metasequencing.Different species with specific functions were found to dominate at different depths.Metabolically flexible bacteria with a capacity to switch between anoxygenic photosynthesis and aerobic chemotrophic metabolism dominate in soda Lake Doroninskoe.

GIS tools for correlation of tectonics and seismicity in the Altay-Sayan area,Russia

Fault-block structures of the Altay-Sayan folded area （ASFA） southeastern Siberia of Russia were used as the basis for creating a 3-D model. The surface structures were projected to depths by previous correlations between long and deep faults, with all layers and deformation factors defined. The mean deformation factor （Ds） is 0.12 unit/km^3 in the upper layer, 0.012 unit/km^3 in the intermediate layer, and 0.007 unit/km^3 in the lower layer of the 3-D ASFA neotectonic model. Ds allows correlation of the three distinguished layers with theological bodies that differ in their potential for accumulating elastic energy. 3-D modeling can be used as a methodological approach to projections in seismic prone areas such as the Krasnoyarsk region, for earthquake-hazard monitoring.

The latest geodynamics in Asia:Synthesis of data on volcanic evolution,lithosphere motion,and mantle velocities in the Baikal-Mongolian region

From a synthesis of data on volcanic evolution,movement of the lithosphere,and mantle velocities in the Baikal-Mongolian region,we propose a comprehensive model for deep dynamics of Asia that assumes an important role of the Gobi,Baikal,and North Transbaikal transition-layer melting anomalies.This layer was distorted by lower-mantle fluxes at the beginning of the latest geodynamic stage（i.e.in the early late Cretaceous） due to avalanches of slab material that were stagnated beneath the closed fragments of the Solonker,Ural-Mongolian paleoceans and Mongol-Okhotsk Gulf of Paleo-Pacific.At the latest geodynamic stage,Asia was involved in east-southeast movement,and the Pacific plate moved in the opposite direction with subduction under Asia.The weakened upper mantle region of the Gobi melting anomaly provided a counterflow connected with rollback in the Japan Sea area.These dynamics resulted in the formation of the Honshu-Korea flexure of the Pacific slab.A similar weakened upper mantle region of the North Transbaikal melting anomaly was associated with the formation of the Hokkaido-Amur flexure of the Pacific slab,formed due to progressive pull-down of the slab material into the transition layer in the direction of the Pacific plate and Asia convergence.The early—middle Miocene structural reorganization of the mantle processes in Asia resulted in the development of upper mantle low-velocity domains associated with the development of rifts and orogens.We propose that extension at the Baikal Rift was caused by deviator flowing mantle material,initiated under the moving lithosphere in the Baikal melting anomaly.Contraction at the Hangay orogen was created by facilitation of the tectonic stress transfer from the Indo-Asian interaction zone due to the low-viscosity mantle in the Gobi melting anomaly.

Phylogenetic Diversity of Microorganisms from Chemocline of the Meromictic Soda Lake Doroninskoe(Zabaikalie,Russia)

1 Introduction Many soda and salt lakes are characterized by the formation of the meromictic conditions under which a part of the water column is not involved in the annual process of mixing(Mac Intyre,Melack,1982).This creates an

The structure of the plant communities in the different environment contact sites on the base of the soil-geobotanic profiling in the changing climate of Lake Baikal region

The results of studies of the peculiarities of formation of phytocenoses in environments contact sites of the western and eastern coasts of the Lake Baikal has been showed in this paper. On the base of geobotanic profiling combined with soil one, the structure and dynamics of phytocenoses forming under the conditions of mutual development of light-coniferous taiga forest and of extra zonal steppes. Edaphic conditions and placement of phytocenoses are main trigger factors determining the ways of plant cover development in this part of Lake Baikal basin. We discuss the characteristics properties inherent in the linkage of the dynamics and spatial variability of the vegetation with the change of climate in the Baikal region. The regional conditions of the physiogeographic environment had given rise to structurally highly contrasting plant communities in this region. The increase in yearly mean summertime amounts of rainfall, combined with the rise of yearly mean winter temperatures over the last years were conducive to changes in the spatial structure of vegetation. The boundary between the types of vegetation undergoes smoothing. The upper boundary of forest is altered because of changes of the environment that are responsible for the zonality and properties of vertical zonality of the vegetation on the mountains surrounding Lake Baikal. Changes in the vegetation serve as indicators of climate change as well as providing diagnostic tools for the genesis of the Baikal region’s natural environment.

Physical Problems of Quantum Calculation： A Novel Approach

The manuscript deals with the possibility of application of collective behavior of quantum particles to realize the quantum calculation procedure. The above collective behavior is likely resulted from interelectron correlations, characteristic for strongly correlated systems containing atoms with unoccupied 3d-, 4f- and 5f- shells. Among such systems can be the heterospin systems, complexes of paramagnetic ions of transition metals with organic radicals, because for such objects, spin-spin interaction between unpaired electron spins of different paramagnetic centers is typical. To apply the aforementioned possibility for the organization of real quantum calculations, it is necessary to synthesize such paramagnetic molecules （paramagnetic clusters）, where the entangled states will be realized naturally by self-organization of atoms incorporated in these molecules, i.e., without additional external effect of q-bits on the system. The specified self-organization may be due to intramolecular processes and, in particular, intramolecular rearrangement called valence tautomerism, which leads to heterogeneous magnetic states, i.e., to phase layering in paramagnetic cluster owing to interelectron correlations. The states realized during the phase layering can be used for coding the digits. Since such states correspond to specific structures of para-magnetic molecule, they can exist as much as long under certain conditions. In turn, it means that the account of the interelectron correlations, which take place in strongly correlated compounds, allows （at least, in principle） one to create elementary quantum bit of the information capable of modeling the elementary logical operations. Creation of a network of such quantum bits combined in a certain sequence should be considered as a practical step on a way to experimental realization of the idea of quantum computer creation. The group consisting of three quantum points can make the basis of quantum computer. In such a gate, quantum points can be connected via the interaction modeled by spin-spin interaction, characteristic for ABX system in NMR spectroscopy. The tunnel effect, which can be easily realized and controlled, can act as an indicator of bonding in such a block. The calculation procedure can be organized assuming that the initial state of the group corresponds to 1. Infringement of such a state indicates to zero （or, on the contrary）. Thus, the calculation in the binary system becomes organized. The creation of a network on the basis of combination of such processors in certain sequence should be considered as a practical step on a way to experimental realization of the idea of the quantum computer creation.

Regression-Tensor Modeling of Multivariate Optimization of Process for Applying Metal Coatings

A universal regression-tensor approach is developed in the mathematical modeling of optimal parameters of chemical-technological process of complex mechanical products. The testing of developed algorithms was performed on the example of multi-factorial process of low-temperature sulfur-chromium plating of precision mechanical parts.

The Automated System of Unified Templates as an Element of Trainability of Microprocessor Relay Protection Devices

The article discusses the possibility of further modernization of the standard microprocessor relay protection of AC overhead system feeders DPA-27.5-TNF, which is operated on the Trans-Baikal Railway by creating an additional automated system of unified templates necessary for the occurrence of “trainability” elements. The templates will be formed via a separate dedicated channel for transmission, processing and storage of the necessary information, not related to the operation of the terminal, with its subsequent visualization at the workplace of the duty personnel of traction substations, together with information from the “GID” software received via another dedicated wired channel. With the help of such a base of unified preset templates, in the future, it will be possible not only to identify the specific causes of each emergency shutdown but also to reduce their number by dynamically adjusting the existing presets of the standard operation algorithm.

Effect of ecological factors on the distribution of microorganisms in regosols(steppe of Priol'khonie,Siberia)

1 Introduction Regosol in Eastern Siberia is intrazonal soil.In Priolkhonie region it occurs among chestnut soils,salt marshes and solonetzes.There are small information about Tagotskij hydrolaccolith in the research articles of geologists,archaeologists,and paleolimnologists when

Electro Energetic Technological Control in Eastern Siberia Railway

By system analysis and imitating modeling authors show the most effective modern techniques for railway electric systems control. Modem measure technologies PMU-WAMS and smart grid allow to solve real time tasks of centralizing control of railway electric systems. Quantity characteristics of control effectiveness are determined. According to computer modeling the situation approach is available for practical tasks of railway electric system control.

Geochemistry and petrology of superpure quartzites from East Sayan Mountains, Russia

Quartzites are widespread within Earth's lithosphere, but their highly pure varieties occur quite infrequently. With the development of alternative energy sources, including solar, and with increasing demand for high-purity quartz for optics, interest has risen in highpurity silicon-bearing materials. The quartzites discovered in the southeast part of the Eastern Sayan Mountains are particularly attractive for exploration in terms of their raw material quality and feasibility to be enriched. For this reason, their genesis also merits study. Available geochemical data show that chemogenic(d^(18)O>29.2%)siliceous-carbonate sediments of the Irkut Formation are fairly pure(impurity elements <800 ppm), and that half the impurities are easily removed carbonate components of the rock. Bedded quartzites remote from the intrusive granitoids and near-contact quartzites were recognized based on geochemical and petrographic data. Influenced by the Sumsunur granitoids, the near-contact quartzites originally contained >0.9% impurities, but later, under the action of sliding slabs of ophiolite dynamothermal treatment reduced impurities to < 100 ppm, resulting in ‘‘superquartzites' '(highly pure quartzites). The presence of only minor structural impurities is due to the enrichment capacity of superquartzites to 10.1 ppm(7.2 ppm under special conditions) of 10 elements: Fe, Al, Ti, Ca, Mg, Cu,Mn, Na, K, and Li.

沿阿穆尔板块西边界的活动断层(蒙古领土)

阿穆尔板块西部边界在蒙古境内的空间位置尚不清楚,并且活动断层构造及其沿线地壳的应力状态研究较少。本文在沿此边界的三个区域——杭爱—肯特构造鞍部、布尔古特地块(鄂尔浑—土拉交汇处)和色楞格地块(包括色楞格凹陷和布伦—努鲁隆起),利用空间图像解译、地形起伏度分析、地质构造资料以及构造压裂和沿裂缝位移资料重建构造古应力,对活动断层进行研究。研究表明,活动断裂继承了古生代和中生代古构造的非均质性。这些断层沿着板块边界并不是单一的带,而是成簇的。它们的运动取决于走向:亚纬向断层是具有一定逆分量的左旋走滑断层,北西向断层是逆断层或逆冲断层,通常具有右旋走滑分量,海底断层是右旋走滑断层,北东向断层是正断层。位于色楞格凹陷和杭爱东部的断裂构造的活动始于上新世。逆断层和走滑断层与上新世情况不符,但多与更新世地貌相符,表明其活动年代较晚,为更新世时期。利用构造断裂和沿断裂的位移,重建活动断裂带变形末阶段的应力应变状态,结果表明断裂在最大挤压轴的北北东和北东方向上以压缩和走滑为主。只有在色楞格凹陷内,以扩张和走滑类型的应力张量为主,且在最小挤压轴的北西走向尤为显著。在南部,杭爱东部(鄂尔浑地堑)内有1个以扩张机制为主的局部区域,说明蒙古中部断裂在更新世—全新世阶段的活动以及现代地震活动主要受与印度斯坦和欧亚大陆汇聚过程相关的东北方向的附加水平挤压的控制。使研究区地壳产生走滑变形、贝加尔湖裂谷发散活动以及阿穆尔板块东南运动的另一个因素是东南方向软流圈流动对岩石圈底部的影响。阿穆尔板块和蒙古地块之间的边界在构造结构上是零碎的,代表了覆盖整个蒙古西部变形带的边缘部分。

Vertical Distribution of Bacteria in Doroninskoe Lake(Zabaikalie,Russia):Paradigm of Dominance

1 Introduction Prokaryotes are key organisms in aquatic ecosystems as they play animportant role in the biogeochemical cycling of elements.Investigations on the relationships betweenthe diversity of microbial community and environmentalfactors offer useful information that bothleads to understanding of the process of element

Results of the Main Phase of Ion Separation in the Process of Plasma-Optical Mass Separation

This paper presents separation results of a mixture of nitrogen, argon and krypton ions in the process of plasma-optical mass separation on the POMS-E-3 separator model. We determined the behavior of the separation with a change in the value of magnetic field induction in the azimuthator and in the degree of compensation of the spatial charge in ion flows. An analysis is performed for experimental data by correlation with the results of a theoretical study and numerical experiments. The objectives of future experiments are outlined.

The biological potency of benzapyrene in the humates composition

The aim of the paper was to determine benz(a)-pyrene in the preparations containing humates and study the benz(a)pyrene biological potency for the agricultural plants. The research methodology included the determination of the dependencies in the system “substance concentration (dose)—effect on the plant”. Concentrations of benz(a)pyrene in 12 samples of the humates preparations and fertilizers based on their trademarks “Irkutsk humates”, obtained from brown coal, varied in the range from 0.3 to 50 mcg/kg, which creates no soil contamination in conditions of the use of preparations. Between contents of benz(a)pyrene and humates there is a correlation (rxy = 0.95;α = 0.05). It is ascertained that the effects of stimulation and/or inhibition of the growth and yield of agricultural plants depend on the concentration of benz(a)pyrene and the method of plant processing. Optimal concentrations of benz(a)pyrene were 150-200 ng/dm3 for preplant way of processing of potato tubers, 3-10 ng/dm3—for top dressing (spraying) and 0.1-0.3 ng/dm3—for dressing under the roots (hydroponic). The obtained results allowed us to offer one of the possible mechanisms of biological potency of humates as the plant growth stimulants, and also a way testing of the preparations by screening of their benz(a)pyrene content.

Ultrastructural and Immunohistochemical Characteristics of Corneal Lenticule Extracted during Correction of Residual Myopia in the Long-Term Period after SMILE

Purpose: To evaluate ultrastructural characteristics of lenticule surface extracted during correction of residual myopia in patients after small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE). Methods and material: This study had a prospective, consecutive, comparative design. Sixteen patients (16 eyes) underwent additional intervention for residual myopia correction after SMILE. 16 specimens of removed lenticules underwent morphological examination. Markers and reagents were used to determine actin microfilaments, neutral fats and cell nuclei. The tissue was analyzed in layers in 2D slices form, volumetric Z-stacks, or selected areas were formed in orthogonal projections. The surface of the extracted lenticule was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. Patients’ refractive outcomes were measured postoperatively (1 day;1 and 3 months). Results: Postoperatively uncorrected distance visual acuity (20/20 or better) was in 100% cases 3 months after surgery. Ultrastructural studies have shown the difference in surfaces of the newly formed lenticule. Structural changes of the posterior lenticule surface were characterized by ruptures of collagen fibers on its surface, degenerative changes in keratocytes with signs of colliquation necrosis, cell apoptosis and F-actin in cell cytoplasm. Conclusion: Collagen fibers are immersed in the stroma on the anterior surface of the lenticule. There is no complete structure restoration of collagen fibers explaining the lack of tight adhesion of anterior and posterior surfaces of the intrastromal space even in the long-term postoperative period. There are no degenerative changes of keratocytes on the anterior lenticule surface, that is, their changes in SMILE are reversible in most cases.