Colorectal cancer is the most prevalent among digestive system cancers.Carcinogenesis relies on disrupted control of cellular processes,such as metabolism,proliferation,DNA damage recognition and repair,and apoptosis....Colorectal cancer is the most prevalent among digestive system cancers.Carcinogenesis relies on disrupted control of cellular processes,such as metabolism,proliferation,DNA damage recognition and repair,and apoptosis.Cell,tissue,organ and body physiology is characterized by periodic fluctuations driven by biological clocks operating through the clock gene machinery.Dysfunction of molecular clockworks and cellular oscillators is involved in tumorigenesis,and altered expression of clock genes has been found in cancer patients.Epidemiological studies have shown that circadian disruption,that is,alteration of bodily temporal organization,is a cancer risk factor,and an increased incidence of colorectal neoplastic disease is reported in shift workers.In this review we describe the involvement of the circadian clock circuitry in colorectal carcinogenesis and the therapeutic strategies addressing temporal deregulation in colorectal cancer.展开更多
The red palm weevil（RPW; Rhynchophorus ferrugineus） is spreading worldwide and severely harming many palm species. However, most studies on RPW focused on insect biology, and little information is available about th...The red palm weevil（RPW; Rhynchophorus ferrugineus） is spreading worldwide and severely harming many palm species. However, most studies on RPW focused on insect biology, and little information is available about the plant response to the attack. In the present experiment, we used metabolomics to study the alteration of the leaf metabolome of Phoenix canariensis at initial（1^（st） stage） or advanced（2^（nd） stage）attack by RPW compared with healthy（unattacked） plants.The leaf metabolome significantly varied among treatments. At the 1^（st） stage of attack, plants showed a reprogramming of carbohydrate and organic acid metabolism; in contrast, peptides and lipid metabolic pathways underwent more changes during the 2^（nd） than 1^（st） stage of attack. Enrichment metabolomics analysis indicated that RPW attack mostly affected a particular group of compounds rather than rearranging plant metabolic pathways. Some compounds selectively affected during the 1^（st） rather than 2^（nd） stage（e.g. phenylalanine; tryptophan; cellobiose;xylose; quinate; xylonite; idonate; and iso-threonate; cellobiotol and arbutine） are upstream events in the phenylpropanoid,terpenoid and alkaloid biosynthesis. These compounds could be designated as potential markers of initial RPW attack. However,further investigation is needed to determine efficient early screening methods of RPW attack based on the concentrations of these molecules.展开更多
基金Supported by The"5x1000"voluntary contribution and by a grant to GM from the Italian Ministry of Health through Department of Medical Sciences,Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Unit,IRCCS Scientific Institute and Regional General Hospital"Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza",Opera di Padre Pio da Pietrelcina,San Giovanni Rotondo(FG),Italy,Nos.RC1203ME46 and RC1302ME31by a grant to AP from the Italian Ministry of Health through Department of Medical Sciences,Division of Gastroenterology and Research Laboratory,Nos.RC1203GA55 and RC1203GA56by a grant to MV from AIRC,No.MFAG-AIRC2012-13419
文摘Colorectal cancer is the most prevalent among digestive system cancers.Carcinogenesis relies on disrupted control of cellular processes,such as metabolism,proliferation,DNA damage recognition and repair,and apoptosis.Cell,tissue,organ and body physiology is characterized by periodic fluctuations driven by biological clocks operating through the clock gene machinery.Dysfunction of molecular clockworks and cellular oscillators is involved in tumorigenesis,and altered expression of clock genes has been found in cancer patients.Epidemiological studies have shown that circadian disruption,that is,alteration of bodily temporal organization,is a cancer risk factor,and an increased incidence of colorectal neoplastic disease is reported in shift workers.In this review we describe the involvement of the circadian clock circuitry in colorectal carcinogenesis and the therapeutic strategies addressing temporal deregulation in colorectal cancer.
基金funded by the Project PROPALMA(D.M.25618/7301/11)by the Italian Ministry of Agricultural,Food and Forestry Policies(Mi PAAF)
文摘The red palm weevil（RPW; Rhynchophorus ferrugineus） is spreading worldwide and severely harming many palm species. However, most studies on RPW focused on insect biology, and little information is available about the plant response to the attack. In the present experiment, we used metabolomics to study the alteration of the leaf metabolome of Phoenix canariensis at initial（1^（st） stage） or advanced（2^（nd） stage）attack by RPW compared with healthy（unattacked） plants.The leaf metabolome significantly varied among treatments. At the 1^（st） stage of attack, plants showed a reprogramming of carbohydrate and organic acid metabolism; in contrast, peptides and lipid metabolic pathways underwent more changes during the 2^（nd） than 1^（st） stage of attack. Enrichment metabolomics analysis indicated that RPW attack mostly affected a particular group of compounds rather than rearranging plant metabolic pathways. Some compounds selectively affected during the 1^（st） rather than 2^（nd） stage（e.g. phenylalanine; tryptophan; cellobiose;xylose; quinate; xylonite; idonate; and iso-threonate; cellobiotol and arbutine） are upstream events in the phenylpropanoid,terpenoid and alkaloid biosynthesis. These compounds could be designated as potential markers of initial RPW attack. However,further investigation is needed to determine efficient early screening methods of RPW attack based on the concentrations of these molecules.
