The main goal of this article is to present a new result of a possible approach to the geometrical description of the birth and evolution of the universe. The novelty of the article is that it is possible to explain t...The main goal of this article is to present a new result of a possible approach to the geometrical description of the birth and evolution of the universe. The novelty of the article is that it is possible to explain the nature of supersymmetry in terms of the geometric representation of the wave function and to propose a mechanism of spontaneous symmetry breaking of the excitation of the universe with different degrees of freedom. It is under such conditions that the well-known spontaneous symmetry breaking occurs and individual excitation acquires mass. At the same time, a phase transition of the first kind occurs with the formation of a new phase.展开更多
Biogeochemially reactive inorganic mercury (RHg) is an important fraction of Hg. Researchers have attempted to measure RHg when characterizing Hg-impacted sites, conducting research and development of remediation prac...Biogeochemially reactive inorganic mercury (RHg) is an important fraction of Hg. Researchers have attempted to measure RHg when characterizing Hg-impacted sites, conducting research and development of remediation practices, or evaluating remediation efficiency. In these uses, RHg will be the best choice for analysis in ways that total methyl, and other species of Hg cannot duplicate. The fraction has been inadequately measured using the Sn2+ reduction method and operationally defined as “Sn2+ reducible Hg2+”, but the resulting data did not reflect well the nature of the fraction and caused researchers to lose interest, thus limiting the use of RHg in past years. In this work, the problems of using the Sn2+ reduction method were discovered to be generating irreproducible and negatively biased results. Negative bias from 20% to 99% was found in different types of waters. To obtain reliable results, an ethylation-based GC-CVAFS method was used to determine RHg. The performance of the method was evaluated by comparing it to the Sn2+ reduction method. Biogeochemically meaningful results have been obtained in the application of the method to determine RHg in mercury mine-impacted waters from the Idrijca River in Slovenia.展开更多
Random lasing was experimentally investigated in pyrromethene 597-doped strongly disordered chiral liquid crystals (CLCs) composed of the nematic liquid crystal SLC1717 and the chiral agent CB15. The concentration of ...Random lasing was experimentally investigated in pyrromethene 597-doped strongly disordered chiral liquid crystals (CLCs) composed of the nematic liquid crystal SLC1717 and the chiral agent CB15. The concentration of the chiral agent tuned the bandgap, and disordered CLC microdomains were achieved by fast quenching of the mixture from the isotropic to the cholesteric phase. Random lasing and band edge lasing were observed synchronously, and their behavior changed with the spectral location of the bandgap. The emission band for band edge lasing shifted with the change of the bandgap, while the emission band for random lasing remained practically constant. The results show that the threshold for random lasing sharply decreases if the CLC selective reflection band overlaps with the fluorescence peak of the dye molecules and if the band edge coincides at the same time with the excitation wavelength.展开更多
We develop a new method for smooth and continuous space-variant alignment of the liquid crystal medium in micro-patterned structures, which is based on a radial micro-structured pattern of polymeric ribbons exhibiting...We develop a new method for smooth and continuous space-variant alignment of the liquid crystal medium in micro-patterned structures, which is based on a radial micro-structured pattern of polymeric ribbons exhibiting out-of-plane orientation with respect to the ITO-coated glass plates. Thanks to the broad range of electrical tunability of the optical retardation for the micro-patterned liquid crystal structures, transformation of the fundamental Gaussian beam into different types of specific beams, including generalized cylindrical vector beams, vortex beams, and vectorial vortex beams, is efficiently demonstrated.展开更多
From April to July 2018,a data sample at the peak energy of the T(4 S) resonance was collected with the Belle Ⅱ detector at the SuperKEKB electron-positron collider.This is the first data sample of the Belle Ⅱ exper...From April to July 2018,a data sample at the peak energy of the T(4 S) resonance was collected with the Belle Ⅱ detector at the SuperKEKB electron-positron collider.This is the first data sample of the Belle Ⅱ experiment.Using Bhabha and digamma events,we measure the integrated luminosity of the data sample to be(496.3±0.3±3.0) pb-1,where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic.This work provides a basis for future luminosity measurements at Belle Ⅱ.展开更多
文摘The main goal of this article is to present a new result of a possible approach to the geometrical description of the birth and evolution of the universe. The novelty of the article is that it is possible to explain the nature of supersymmetry in terms of the geometric representation of the wave function and to propose a mechanism of spontaneous symmetry breaking of the excitation of the universe with different degrees of freedom. It is under such conditions that the well-known spontaneous symmetry breaking occurs and individual excitation acquires mass. At the same time, a phase transition of the first kind occurs with the formation of a new phase.
基金The work was partially funded by the Slovenian Re-search Agency(ARRS)through programme P1-0143 and project J1-4288and also supported by Chevron Energy Technology Company under Contract CW831200.VWe thank Fajon for sampling the water samples from the river Idrijca.
文摘Biogeochemially reactive inorganic mercury (RHg) is an important fraction of Hg. Researchers have attempted to measure RHg when characterizing Hg-impacted sites, conducting research and development of remediation practices, or evaluating remediation efficiency. In these uses, RHg will be the best choice for analysis in ways that total methyl, and other species of Hg cannot duplicate. The fraction has been inadequately measured using the Sn2+ reduction method and operationally defined as “Sn2+ reducible Hg2+”, but the resulting data did not reflect well the nature of the fraction and caused researchers to lose interest, thus limiting the use of RHg in past years. In this work, the problems of using the Sn2+ reduction method were discovered to be generating irreproducible and negatively biased results. Negative bias from 20% to 99% was found in different types of waters. To obtain reliable results, an ethylation-based GC-CVAFS method was used to determine RHg. The performance of the method was evaluated by comparing it to the Sn2+ reduction method. Biogeochemically meaningful results have been obtained in the application of the method to determine RHg in mercury mine-impacted waters from the Idrijca River in Slovenia.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFA0303800)National Natural Science Foundation of China(91750204,11674182)+4 种基金111Project(B07013)Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City(17JCYBJC16700)Slovenian Research Agency(ARRS,Research Program P1-0192)Project of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine(0117U002612)Projects of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine(V-197,VC-202)。
文摘Random lasing was experimentally investigated in pyrromethene 597-doped strongly disordered chiral liquid crystals (CLCs) composed of the nematic liquid crystal SLC1717 and the chiral agent CB15. The concentration of the chiral agent tuned the bandgap, and disordered CLC microdomains were achieved by fast quenching of the mixture from the isotropic to the cholesteric phase. Random lasing and band edge lasing were observed synchronously, and their behavior changed with the spectral location of the bandgap. The emission band for band edge lasing shifted with the change of the bandgap, while the emission band for random lasing remained practically constant. The results show that the threshold for random lasing sharply decreases if the CLC selective reflection band overlaps with the fluorescence peak of the dye molecules and if the band edge coincides at the same time with the excitation wavelength.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11674182)the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2013CB328702)+5 种基金the Tianjin Natural Science Foundation(No.17JCYBJC16700)the 111 Project(No.B07013)the PCSIRT(No.IRT_13R29)the National Research Program of Slovenia(No.P1-0192)the Hundred Young Academic Leaders Program of Nankai Universitythe Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics,Shanxi University
文摘We develop a new method for smooth and continuous space-variant alignment of the liquid crystal medium in micro-patterned structures, which is based on a radial micro-structured pattern of polymeric ribbons exhibiting out-of-plane orientation with respect to the ITO-coated glass plates. Thanks to the broad range of electrical tunability of the optical retardation for the micro-patterned liquid crystal structures, transformation of the fundamental Gaussian beam into different types of specific beams, including generalized cylindrical vector beams, vortex beams, and vectorial vortex beams, is efficiently demonstrated.
基金supported by the following funding sources:Science Committee of the Republic of Armenia Grant No.18T-1C180Australian Research Council and research grant Nos.DP180102629,DP170102389,DP170102204,DP150103061,FT130100303,and FT130100018+37 种基金Austrian Federal Ministry of Education,Science and Research,and Austrian Science Fund No.P 31361-N36Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada,Compute Canada and CANARIEChinese Academy of Sciences and research grant No.QYZDJ-SSW-SLH011National Natural Science Foundation of China and research grant Nos.11521505,11575017,11675166,11761141009,11705209,and 11975076LiaoNing Revitalization Talents Program under contract No.XLYC1807135Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Committee under contract No.19ZR1403000Shanghai Pujiang Program under Grant No.18PJ1401000the CAS Center for Excellence in Particle Physics(CCEPP)the Ministry of Education,Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic under Contract No.LTT17020Charles University grants SVV260448 and GAUK 404316European Research Council,7th Framework PIEF-GA-2013-622527Horizon 2020 Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No.700525’NIOBE,’Horizon 2020 Marie Sklodowska-Curie RISE project JENNIFER grant agreement No.644294Horizon 2020 ERC-Advanced Grant No.267104NewAve No.638528(European grants)L’Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules(IN2P3)du CNRS(France),BMBF,DFG,HGF,MPG and AvH Foundation(Germany)Department of Atomic Energy and Department of Science and Technology(India)Israel Science Foundation grant No.2476/17United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation grant No.2016113Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare and the research grants BELLE2Japan Society for the Promotion of Science,Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research grant Nos.16H03968,16H03993,16H06492,16K05323,17H01133,17H05405,18K03621,18H03710,18H05226,19H00682,26220706,and 26400255the National Institute of Informatics,and Science Information NETwork 5(SINET5)the Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science,and Technology(MEXT)of JapanNational Research Foundation(NRF)of Korea Grant Nos.2016R1D1A1B01010135,2016R1D1A1B02012900,2018R1A2B3003643,2018R1A6A1A06024970,2018R1D1A1B07047294,2019K1A3A7A09033840,and 2019R1I1A3A01058933Radiation Science Research Institute,Foreign Large-size Research Facility Application Supporting project,the Global Science Experimental Data Hub Center of the Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information and KREONET/GLORIADUniversiti Malaya RU grant,Akademi Sains Malaysia and Ministry of Education MalaysiaFrontiers of Science Program contracts FOINS-296,CB-221329,CB-236394,CB-254409,and CB-180023,and the Thematic Networks program(Mexico)the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education and the National Science Centerthe Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation,Agreement14.W03.31.0026Slovenian Research Agency and research grant Nos.J1-9124 and P1-0135Agencia Estatal de Investigacion,Spain grant Nos.FPA2014-55613-P and FPA2017-84445-P,and CIDEGENT/2018/020 of Generalitat ValencianaMinistry of Science and Technology and research grant Nos.MOST106-2112-M-002-005-MY3 and MOST107-2119-M-002-035-MY3,and the Ministry of Education(Taiwan)Thailand Center of Excellence in PhysicsTUBITAK ULAKBIM(Turkey)Ministry of Education and Science of Ukrainethe US National Science Foundation and research grant Nos.PHY-1807007 and PHY-1913789the US Department of Energy and research grant Nos.DE-AC06-76RLO1830,DE-SC0007983,DE-SC0009824,DE-SC0009973,DE-SC0010073,DE-SC0010118,DE-SC0010504,DESC0011784,DE-SC0012704the National Foundation for Science and Technology Development(NAFOSTED)of Vietnam under grant No 103.99-2018.45
文摘From April to July 2018,a data sample at the peak energy of the T(4 S) resonance was collected with the Belle Ⅱ detector at the SuperKEKB electron-positron collider.This is the first data sample of the Belle Ⅱ experiment.Using Bhabha and digamma events,we measure the integrated luminosity of the data sample to be(496.3±0.3±3.0) pb-1,where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic.This work provides a basis for future luminosity measurements at Belle Ⅱ.