The prediction of liquefaction-induced lateral spreading/displacement(Dh)is a challenging task for civil/geotechnical engineers.In this study,a new approach is proposed to predict Dh using gene expression programming(...The prediction of liquefaction-induced lateral spreading/displacement(Dh)is a challenging task for civil/geotechnical engineers.In this study,a new approach is proposed to predict Dh using gene expression programming(GEP).Based on statistical reasoning,individual models were developed for two topographies:free-face and gently sloping ground.Along with a comparison with conventional approaches for predicting the Dh,four additional regression-based soft computing models,i.e.Gaussian process regression(GPR),relevance vector machine(RVM),sequential minimal optimization regression(SMOR),and M5-tree,were developed and compared with the GEP model.The results indicate that the GEP models predict Dh with less bias,as evidenced by the root mean square error(RMSE)and mean absolute error(MAE)for training(i.e.1.092 and 0.815;and 0.643 and 0.526)and for testing(i.e.0.89 and 0.705;and 0.773 and 0.573)in free-face and gently sloping ground topographies,respectively.The overall performance for the free-face topology was ranked as follows:GEP>RVM>M5-tree>GPR>SMOR,with a total score of 40,32,24,15,and 10,respectively.For the gently sloping condition,the performance was ranked as follows:GEP>RVM>GPR>M5-tree>SMOR with a total score of 40,32,21,19,and 8,respectively.Finally,the results of the sensitivity analysis showed that for both free-face and gently sloping ground,the liquefiable layer thickness(T_(15))was the major parameter with percentage deterioration(%D)value of 99.15 and 90.72,respectively.展开更多
This paper presents some biomedical applications that involve fluid-structure interactions which are simulated using the Immersed Finite Element Method (IFEM). Here, we first review the original and enhanced IFEM meth...This paper presents some biomedical applications that involve fluid-structure interactions which are simulated using the Immersed Finite Element Method (IFEM). Here, we first review the original and enhanced IFEM methods that are suitable to model incompressible or compressible fluid that can have densities that are significantly lower than the solid, such as air. Then, three biomedical applications are studied using the IFEM. Each of the applications may require a specific set of IFEM formulation for its respective numerical stability and accuracy due to the disparities between the fluid and the solid. We show that these biomedical applications require a fully-coupled and stable numerical technique in order to produce meaningful results.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the predictive value and applicability of Ocular Trauma Score(OTS) and Pediatric Ocular Trauma Score(POTS) for closed and open globe injuries in the pediatric group.METHODS: A retrospective study of c...AIM: To evaluate the predictive value and applicability of Ocular Trauma Score(OTS) and Pediatric Ocular Trauma Score(POTS) for closed and open globe injuries in the pediatric group.METHODS: A retrospective study of closed and open globe injuries in children age of 0-18-year-old between 2012-2019 was conducted.Medical records were collected,and injuries were classified using Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology System(BETTS).The predictive value and applicability of both OTS and POTS to final visual acuity(VA) were analyzed.RESULTS: Of 84 patients,59(70.2%) presented with closed globe injuries(CGI) and 25(29.8%) with open globe injuries(OGI).The mean of initial VA was 0.832±0.904 log MAR.OTS and POTS was calculated.Initial VA(P<0.001) and traumatic cataract(P<0.001) were significantly associated with visual outcome,followed by organic/unclean wound (P=0.001),delay of surger y(P=0.001),iris prolapse(P=0.003),and globe rupture(P=0.008).A strong correlation between OTS and POTS and final VA(r=-0.798,P<0.001;r=-0.612,P<0.001) was found.OTS was more applicable in all age group of pediatric and in contrast to POTS,it was designed for 0-15 years old.POTS requires eleven parameters and OTS six parameters.Even though initial VA was not available,we could still calculate into POTS equation.CONCLUSION: OTS and POTS are highly predictive prognostic tools for final VA in CGI and OGI's in children.展开更多
Dear Editor,Cataract surgery affects the endothelial cells with a risk for corneal edema,decompensation,and a decrease in visual acuity.^(1-3)Previous studies had reported endothelial cell loss rates in standard ultra...Dear Editor,Cataract surgery affects the endothelial cells with a risk for corneal edema,decompensation,and a decrease in visual acuity.^(1-3)Previous studies had reported endothelial cell loss rates in standard ultrasound phacoemulsification cataract surgery(PCS)ranged from 4.5%to 42.6%,where there is a strong association between total ultrasound energy,nuclear density,surgical technique,and surgeon's skill.^(4-7)The reduction in corneal endothelial cell density(ECD)was even greater in eyes with FECD and primary corneal guttata that had cataract surgery and lens implantation,ranging from 17.3%to 24%.^(8)展开更多
文摘The prediction of liquefaction-induced lateral spreading/displacement(Dh)is a challenging task for civil/geotechnical engineers.In this study,a new approach is proposed to predict Dh using gene expression programming(GEP).Based on statistical reasoning,individual models were developed for two topographies:free-face and gently sloping ground.Along with a comparison with conventional approaches for predicting the Dh,four additional regression-based soft computing models,i.e.Gaussian process regression(GPR),relevance vector machine(RVM),sequential minimal optimization regression(SMOR),and M5-tree,were developed and compared with the GEP model.The results indicate that the GEP models predict Dh with less bias,as evidenced by the root mean square error(RMSE)and mean absolute error(MAE)for training(i.e.1.092 and 0.815;and 0.643 and 0.526)and for testing(i.e.0.89 and 0.705;and 0.773 and 0.573)in free-face and gently sloping ground topographies,respectively.The overall performance for the free-face topology was ranked as follows:GEP>RVM>M5-tree>GPR>SMOR,with a total score of 40,32,24,15,and 10,respectively.For the gently sloping condition,the performance was ranked as follows:GEP>RVM>GPR>M5-tree>SMOR with a total score of 40,32,21,19,and 8,respectively.Finally,the results of the sensitivity analysis showed that for both free-face and gently sloping ground,the liquefiable layer thickness(T_(15))was the major parameter with percentage deterioration(%D)value of 99.15 and 90.72,respectively.
文摘This paper presents some biomedical applications that involve fluid-structure interactions which are simulated using the Immersed Finite Element Method (IFEM). Here, we first review the original and enhanced IFEM methods that are suitable to model incompressible or compressible fluid that can have densities that are significantly lower than the solid, such as air. Then, three biomedical applications are studied using the IFEM. Each of the applications may require a specific set of IFEM formulation for its respective numerical stability and accuracy due to the disparities between the fluid and the solid. We show that these biomedical applications require a fully-coupled and stable numerical technique in order to produce meaningful results.
文摘AIM: To evaluate the predictive value and applicability of Ocular Trauma Score(OTS) and Pediatric Ocular Trauma Score(POTS) for closed and open globe injuries in the pediatric group.METHODS: A retrospective study of closed and open globe injuries in children age of 0-18-year-old between 2012-2019 was conducted.Medical records were collected,and injuries were classified using Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology System(BETTS).The predictive value and applicability of both OTS and POTS to final visual acuity(VA) were analyzed.RESULTS: Of 84 patients,59(70.2%) presented with closed globe injuries(CGI) and 25(29.8%) with open globe injuries(OGI).The mean of initial VA was 0.832±0.904 log MAR.OTS and POTS was calculated.Initial VA(P<0.001) and traumatic cataract(P<0.001) were significantly associated with visual outcome,followed by organic/unclean wound (P=0.001),delay of surger y(P=0.001),iris prolapse(P=0.003),and globe rupture(P=0.008).A strong correlation between OTS and POTS and final VA(r=-0.798,P<0.001;r=-0.612,P<0.001) was found.OTS was more applicable in all age group of pediatric and in contrast to POTS,it was designed for 0-15 years old.POTS requires eleven parameters and OTS six parameters.Even though initial VA was not available,we could still calculate into POTS equation.CONCLUSION: OTS and POTS are highly predictive prognostic tools for final VA in CGI and OGI's in children.
文摘Dear Editor,Cataract surgery affects the endothelial cells with a risk for corneal edema,decompensation,and a decrease in visual acuity.^(1-3)Previous studies had reported endothelial cell loss rates in standard ultrasound phacoemulsification cataract surgery(PCS)ranged from 4.5%to 42.6%,where there is a strong association between total ultrasound energy,nuclear density,surgical technique,and surgeon's skill.^(4-7)The reduction in corneal endothelial cell density(ECD)was even greater in eyes with FECD and primary corneal guttata that had cataract surgery and lens implantation,ranging from 17.3%to 24%.^(8)
