As a large province with the most cultural relics on the ground in China,Shanxi has a large proportion of ancient villages in the country.In recent years,the state has begun to attach importance to traditional village...As a large province with the most cultural relics on the ground in China,Shanxi has a large proportion of ancient villages in the country.In recent years,the state has begun to attach importance to traditional villages,and the number of ancient villages in Shanxi has been on the rise every year.Due to the difficulty of protecting ancient village buildings and the imperfect and imperfect traditional protection methods,the use of digital protection data retention,display and dissemination can play an important role in the protection of ancient villages.Common digital protection can not provide certain experience for ancient villages,but in the process of digital protection,the sense of experience is not strong,and a technology with perfect visual and tactile interaction is urgently needed to realize the realistic cultural experience and realize the real sense of digital protection of ancient villages.展开更多
As location information of numerous Internet of Thing(IoT)devices can be recognized through IoT sensor technology,the need for technology to efficiently analyze spatial data is increasing.One of the famous algorithms ...As location information of numerous Internet of Thing(IoT)devices can be recognized through IoT sensor technology,the need for technology to efficiently analyze spatial data is increasing.One of the famous algorithms for classifying dense data into one cluster is Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise(DBSCAN).Existing DBSCAN research focuses on efficiently finding clusters in numeric data or categorical data.In this paper,we propose the novel problem of discovering a set of adjacent clusters among the cluster results derived for each keyword in the keyword-based DBSCAN algorithm.The existing DBSCAN algorithm has a problem in that it is necessary to calculate the number of all cases in order to find adjacent clusters among clusters derived as a result of the algorithm.To solve this problem,we developed the Genetic algorithm-based Keyword Matching DBSCAN(GKM-DBSCAN)algorithm to which the genetic algorithm was applied to discover the set of adjacent clusters among the cluster results derived for each keyword.In order to improve the performance of GKM-DBSCAN,we improved the general genetic algorithm by performing a genetic operation in groups.We conducted extensive experiments on both real and synthetic datasets to show the effectiveness of GKM-DBSCAN than the brute-force method.The experimental results show that GKM-DBSCAN outperforms the brute-force method by up to 21 times.GKM-DBSCAN with the index number binarization(INB)is 1.8 times faster than GKM-DBSCAN with the cluster number binarization(CNB).展开更多
There are many important ancient buildings left in Bofang Village with a long history.The Xianweng Temple located in the north of the village is the only Taoist building in the ancient building group of Bofang Village...There are many important ancient buildings left in Bofang Village with a long history.The Xianweng Temple located in the north of the village is the only Taoist building in the ancient building group of Bofang Village.Its historical origin can be traced back to Tang and Song dynasties.The temple is a collection of gardens,buildings,painted in one place,all aspects of the achievement is quite high.Through the study of the decorative art characteristics of Xien-weng Temple in Bofang Village,Gaoping,this paper summarizes the artistic characteristics of Taoist architectural decoration in Shanxi,excavates the great value of its existence,and inspires more people to reflect on the protection of ancient buildings.展开更多
With the advent of the information age,augmented reality technology can enhance the sense of reality in the virtual world and immerse people in the real and virtual world.People have always been interested in virtual ...With the advent of the information age,augmented reality technology can enhance the sense of reality in the virtual world and immerse people in the real and virtual world.People have always been interested in virtual space or augmented reality technology,especially in the face of historical development trends.Museums have always been open to the public,they are not just a collection,but also an exhibition for the public.Through analyzing different museums,it is found that museums with augmented reality technology exhibitions are non-profit museums for the purpose of emotional experience.In order to find out the immersion factors of virtual reality in museums,on the basis of previous research,this paper divides immersion in augmented reality into story immersion,five-sense experience immersion,and spatial interaction immersion.Through the analysis of different museums,it is found that immersion through five-sense experience is the most commonly used method when all display media are included.This method provides educational content for museum visitors and projects virtual presentations through monitors and portable IT devices,thereby increasing visitors’viewing pleasure.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopicsubmucosal dissection(ESD) for early gastric cancer(EGC) with undifferentiated-type histology.METHODS: A systematic literature review was conducted using the core ...AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopicsubmucosal dissection(ESD) for early gastric cancer(EGC) with undifferentiated-type histology.METHODS: A systematic literature review was conducted using the core databases. Complete resection,curative resection, en bloc resection, recurrence and adverse event rate were extracted and analyzed. A random effect model was applied. The methodological quality of the enrolled studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Publication bias was evaluated using a funnel plot, the trim and fill method, Egger's test,and a rank correlation test.RESULTS: Fourteen retrospective studies between2009 and 2014 were identified(972 EGC lesions with undifferentiated-type histology). The total en bloc and complete resection rates were estimated as92.1%(95%CI: 87.4%-95.2%) and 77.5%(95%CI:69.3%-84%), respectively. The total curative resection rate was 61.4%(95%CI: 44.5%-75.9%). The overall recurrence rate was 7.6%(95%CI: 3.4%-16%).Limited to histologically diagnosed expanded-criteria lesions, the en bloc and complete resection rates were91.2% and 85.6%, respectively. The curative resection rate was 79.8%.CONCLUSION: In this analysis, ESD is a technically feasible treatment modality for EGC with undifferentiatedtype histology. Long-term studies are needed to confirm these therapeutic outcomes.展开更多
Objective:To explore the possible neuroprotective activities of Humulus japonicus extract against Parkinson's disease(PD)in a cellular model.Methods:PD was modeled in PC12 cells using 6-hydroxydopamine(6-OHDA).The...Objective:To explore the possible neuroprotective activities of Humulus japonicus extract against Parkinson's disease(PD)in a cellular model.Methods:PD was modeled in PC12 cells using 6-hydroxydopamine(6-OHDA).The cell activity,intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS),anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic effects,and other related indicators and related signaling pathways were evaluated to elucidate the neuroprotective effects of Humulus japonicus extract.Results:Humulus japonicus extract exhibited anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic effects in 6-OHDA-stimulated PC12 cells.It also reduced oxidative stress-induced ROS accumulation;upregulated antioxidant enzymes,such as glutathione,catalase,heme oxidase-1,and 8-oxguanine glycosylase 1;promoted cell survival by decreasing BAX and increasing Bcl-2 and sirtuin 1 expression via the MAPK and/or Nrf2 signaling pathways.Conclusions:Humulus japonicus extract has antioxidative and anti-apoptotic effects and could be developed as a promising candidate for preventing and treating oxidative stress-related neurodegenerative diseases.展开更多
Thermal performance was the most important factor in the development of borehole heat exchanger utilizing geothermal energy.The thermal performance was affected by many different design parameters,such as configuratio...Thermal performance was the most important factor in the development of borehole heat exchanger utilizing geothermal energy.The thermal performance was affected by many different design parameters,such as configuration type and borehole size of geothermal heat exchanger.These eventually determined the operation and cost efficiency of the geothermal heat exchanger system.The main purpose of this work was to assess the thermal performance of geothermal heat exchanger with variation of borehole sizes and numbers of U-tubes inside a borehole.For this,a thermal response test rig was established with line-source theory.The thermal response test was performed with in-line variable input heat source.Effective thermal conductivity and thermal resistance were obtained from the measured data.From the measurement,the effective thermal conductivity is found to have similar values for twopair type(4 U-tubes)and three-pair type(6 U-tubes)borehole heat exchanger systems indicating similar heat transfer ability.Meanwhile,the thermal resistance shows lower value for the three-pair type compared to the two-pair type.Measured data based resistance have lower value compared to computed result from design programs.Overall comparison finds better thermal performance for the three-pair type,however,fluctuating temperature variation indicates complex flow behavior inside the borehole and requires further study on flow characteristics.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the association between alcoholic liver disease(ALD) and bone fractures or osteoporosis. METHODS: Non-randomized studies were identified from databases(Pub Med, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library). The ...AIM: To evaluate the association between alcoholic liver disease(ALD) and bone fractures or osteoporosis. METHODS: Non-randomized studies were identified from databases(Pub Med, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library). The search was conducted using Boolean operators and keywords, which included "alcoholic liver diseases", "osteoporosis", or "bone fractures". The prevalence of any fractures or osteoporosis, and bone mineral density(BMD) were extracted and analyzed using risk ratios and standardized mean difference(SMD). A random effects model was applied. RESULTS: In total, 15 studies were identified and analyzed. Overall, ALD demonstrated a RR of 1.944(95%CI: 1.354-2.791) for the development of bone fractures. However, ALD showed a RR of 0.849(95%CI: 0.523-1.380) for the development of osteoporosis. BMD was not significantly different between the ALD and control groups, although there was a trend toward lower BMD in patients with ALD(SMD in femur-BMD:-0.172, 95%CI:-0.453-0.110; SMD in spine-BMD:-0.169, 95%CI:-0.476-0.138). Sensitivity analyses showed consistent results. CONCLUSION: Current publications indicate significant associations between bone fractures and ALD, independent of BMD or the presence of osteoporosis.展开更多
Pakistan is a developing country that has a population of 190 million people and faces a huge burden of viral diseases. Every year during monsoon season heavy rain fall and lack of disaster management skills potential...Pakistan is a developing country that has a population of 190 million people and faces a huge burden of viral diseases. Every year during monsoon season heavy rain fall and lack of disaster management skills potentially increase the transmission of waterborne diseases, vector borne diseases and viral outbreaks. Due to severe flooding, thousands of people lose their lives and millions are displaced each year. In most of the cases the children who lose their family members are forced into illegal professions of begging, child labor and prostitution which make them prone to sexually transmitted infections. Up to date, no scientific study has been conducted nationwide to illustrate epidemiological patterns of waterborne diseases, vector borne diseases and viral epidemics during flash flood. Mosquito sprays would not be a sufficient approach for dengue eradication; mass awareness, larvicide and biological control by Guppy fishes are also effective strategies to overcome dengue problem. International health bodies and non-governmental organizations must take note of this alerting situation and take adequate steps such as financial/medical aid in order to defeat the after-effects of flood.展开更多
A breakthrough in advancing power density and stability of carbon-based supercapacitors is trapped by inefficient pore structures of electrode materials.Herein,an ultramicroporous carbon with ultrahigh integrated capa...A breakthrough in advancing power density and stability of carbon-based supercapacitors is trapped by inefficient pore structures of electrode materials.Herein,an ultramicroporous carbon with ultrahigh integrated capacitance fabricated via one-step carbonization/activation of dense bacterial cellulose(BC)precursor followed by nitrogen/sulfur dual doping is reported.The microporous carbon possesses highly concentrated micropores(~2 nm)and a considerable amount of sub-micropores(<1 nm).The unique porous structure provides high specific surface area(1554 m^2 g^-1)and packing density(1.18 g cm^-3).The synergistic effects from the particular porous structure and optimal doping effectively enhance ion storage and ion/electron transport.As a result,the remarkable specific capacitances,including ultrahigh gravimetric and volumetric capacitances(430 F g^-1 and 507 F cm^-3 at 0.5 A g^-1),and excellent cycling and rate stability even at a high current density of 10 A g^-1(327 F g^-1 and 385 F cm^-3)are realized.Via compositing the porous carbon and BC skeleton,a robust all-solid-state cellulose-based supercapacitor presents super high areal energy density(~0.77 mWh cm^-2),volumetric energy density(~17.8 W L^-1),and excellent cyclic stability.展开更多
Objective: The objective of the study was to identify facilitators and barriers to emergency medical service use among acute ischemic stroke patients in Korea.Methods: This paper presents a secondary analysis of a ret...Objective: The objective of the study was to identify facilitators and barriers to emergency medical service use among acute ischemic stroke patients in Korea.Methods: This paper presents a secondary analysis of a retrospective survey that collected data from questionnaires and medical records.Among 233 acute ischemic stroke patients enrolled in a large-scale study,160 patients who had arrived at a hospital within 72 h after symptom onset were included in the data analysis.Results: Users of emergency medical services needed a shorter time than non-users to arrive at hospital (140 min vs.625 min.,p =0.001) and were more likely to arrive at hospital within 3 h of symptom onset (51.9% vs.31.5%,p =0.013).For those who first contacted emergency medical service,the facilitators of emergency medical service use were the presence of hemiparesis (p =0.003),bilateral paralysis (p =0.040),and loss of balance (p =0.021).The predominant barrier was the failure to recognize the urgency of symptoms (p 0.006).Conclusions: The use of emergency medical services reduced prehospital delay and increased the likelihood of patient arrival at hospital within 3 h.Given that experiencing typical stroke symptoms was a facilitator of emergency medical service use yet failure to recognize the urgency of symptoms was a barrier,public awareness should be raised as regards stroke symptoms and the benefits of using emergency medical services.展开更多
Results of previous studies from North America reported that only 14 out of the 20 items from the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) were required to assess negative affect, somatic symptoms, an...Results of previous studies from North America reported that only 14 out of the 20 items from the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) were required to assess negative affect, somatic symptoms, and anhedonia. However, it remains unclear whether this three-factor structure of the CES-D would be valid in South Korea. The purpose of this study is to examine the validity of the three-factor structure with a Korean version of the CES-D. The participants were Korean college students (N = 215), elementary school teachers (N = 234), and parents of elementary school students (N = 230). Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to examine the scale’s validity. Results indicated that the three-factor structure showed acceptable fit to data (comparative fit index = 0.95;root mean square error of approximation = 0.06). The findings indicated that the three-factor structure of the CES-D was valid in South Korea.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the effect of different extracts of Diospyros lotus leaves in atopic dermatitis Methods: Diospyros lotus leaves were extracted in ethanol and treated with or without hydrochloric acid or α-rham...Objective: To evaluate the effect of different extracts of Diospyros lotus leaves in atopic dermatitis Methods: Diospyros lotus leaves were extracted in ethanol and treated with or without hydrochloric acid or α-rhamnosidase to obtain three different extracts-ethanol, acid-hydrolyzed, and enzyme-hydrolyzed leaf extracts of date plum. The myricitrin content in all samples was measured using HPLC analysis. In vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the extracts were determined by measuring DPPH radical scavenging activities and nitric oxide production in RAW264.7 cells, respectively. Sevenweek-old male hairless mice were used to evaluate the anti-atopic dermatitis effects of three extracts in vivo. Splenocytes and mast cells were used to further determine the anti-atopic dermatitis effects of the major compound in the ethanol leaf extract.Results: Enzyme-hydrolyzed leaf extract showed significant in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, and attenuated atopic dermatitis-like skin symptoms and clinical signs more significantly than ethanol and acid-hydrolyzed leaf extracts in 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and house dust mite antigen-treated hairless mice. Enzyme-hydrolyzed leaf extract also suppressed the serum level of immunoglobulin E, interleukin(IL)-4, tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α, interferon(IFN)-γ, thymic stromal lymphopoietin, and thymus and activation-regulated chemokine in mice with atopic dermatitis. Furthermore, histological analysis revealed that enzymehydrolyzed leaf extract suppressed the increased epidermal thickness, dermal infiltration of inflammatory cells, and infiltration and degranulation of mast cells more markedly than the other two extracts in atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions. In addition, this extract effectively inhibited the production of IFN-γ, IL-4, and thymus and activation-regulated chemokine compared with the other two extracts in concanavalin A-stimulated splenocytes. Myricitrin, a major compound of enzyme-hydrolyzed leaf extract, suppressed atopic dermatitis biomarkers in stimulated mouse splenocytes andHMC-1 human mast cells. Conclusions: These results suggest that enzyme-hydrolyzed leaf extract might be a potential candidate to treat atopic dermatitis.展开更多
Thermal performance is the most important factor in the development of a borehole heat exchanger utilizing geothermal energy.The thermal performance is affected by many different design parameters and different operat...Thermal performance is the most important factor in the development of a borehole heat exchanger utilizing geothermal energy.The thermal performance is affected by many different design parameters and different operating conditions such as bleeding.This eventually determines the operation and cost efficiency of the borehole heat exchanger system.The thermal performance of an open standing column well (SCW) type geothermal heat exchanger was assessed under the influence of bleeding.For this,a thermal response test rig was established with line-source theory.The test rig also had a bleeding function by releasing fluid while taking additional underground water through the heat exchanger.The thermal response test was performed with an additional constant input heat source.Effective thermal conductivity and thermal resistance were obtained from the measured data.From the measurement,the effective thermal conductivity is found to have 1.47 times higher value when bleeding is applied.The thermal resistance also increases by 1.58 times compared to a non-bleeding case.This trend indicates enhanced heat transfer in the SCW type heat exchanger with a bleeding function.Bleeding,therefore,could be an effective method of achieving a high heat transfer rate in the SCW type heat exchanger with sufficient underground water supply.展开更多
Objective:The aims of this study were to develop the Korean Compassionate Communication Scale and to test its validity and reliability.Methods:The Korean Compassionate Communication Scale was developed based on Englis...Objective:The aims of this study were to develop the Korean Compassionate Communication Scale and to test its validity and reliability.Methods:The Korean Compassionate Communication Scale was developed based on English version.This study is a methodological one in its approach.Results:The Korean version of Compassionate Communication Scale contained 20 items and was divided into three factors that explained 63.4%of the total variance.This scale demonstrated excellent convergent and discriminant validity(100%),and criterionrelated validity(Global Interpersonal Communication Competence r=0.494;self-compassion:r=0.317).Internal consistency was acceptable,and Cronbach’sαof the total items was 0.85.Conclusions:This study examined The Korean Compassionate Communication Scale as an appropriate measurement of communication ability for nursing practice.Therefore,this scale suggests that the developed 20 items of the Compassionate Communication Scale can be used for therapeutic relationship and nursing education.展开更多
文摘As a large province with the most cultural relics on the ground in China,Shanxi has a large proportion of ancient villages in the country.In recent years,the state has begun to attach importance to traditional villages,and the number of ancient villages in Shanxi has been on the rise every year.Due to the difficulty of protecting ancient village buildings and the imperfect and imperfect traditional protection methods,the use of digital protection data retention,display and dissemination can play an important role in the protection of ancient villages.Common digital protection can not provide certain experience for ancient villages,but in the process of digital protection,the sense of experience is not strong,and a technology with perfect visual and tactile interaction is urgently needed to realize the realistic cultural experience and realize the real sense of digital protection of ancient villages.
基金supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No.2021R1F1A1049387).
文摘As location information of numerous Internet of Thing(IoT)devices can be recognized through IoT sensor technology,the need for technology to efficiently analyze spatial data is increasing.One of the famous algorithms for classifying dense data into one cluster is Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise(DBSCAN).Existing DBSCAN research focuses on efficiently finding clusters in numeric data or categorical data.In this paper,we propose the novel problem of discovering a set of adjacent clusters among the cluster results derived for each keyword in the keyword-based DBSCAN algorithm.The existing DBSCAN algorithm has a problem in that it is necessary to calculate the number of all cases in order to find adjacent clusters among clusters derived as a result of the algorithm.To solve this problem,we developed the Genetic algorithm-based Keyword Matching DBSCAN(GKM-DBSCAN)algorithm to which the genetic algorithm was applied to discover the set of adjacent clusters among the cluster results derived for each keyword.In order to improve the performance of GKM-DBSCAN,we improved the general genetic algorithm by performing a genetic operation in groups.We conducted extensive experiments on both real and synthetic datasets to show the effectiveness of GKM-DBSCAN than the brute-force method.The experimental results show that GKM-DBSCAN outperforms the brute-force method by up to 21 times.GKM-DBSCAN with the index number binarization(INB)is 1.8 times faster than GKM-DBSCAN with the cluster number binarization(CNB).
文摘There are many important ancient buildings left in Bofang Village with a long history.The Xianweng Temple located in the north of the village is the only Taoist building in the ancient building group of Bofang Village.Its historical origin can be traced back to Tang and Song dynasties.The temple is a collection of gardens,buildings,painted in one place,all aspects of the achievement is quite high.Through the study of the decorative art characteristics of Xien-weng Temple in Bofang Village,Gaoping,this paper summarizes the artistic characteristics of Taoist architectural decoration in Shanxi,excavates the great value of its existence,and inspires more people to reflect on the protection of ancient buildings.
文摘With the advent of the information age,augmented reality technology can enhance the sense of reality in the virtual world and immerse people in the real and virtual world.People have always been interested in virtual space or augmented reality technology,especially in the face of historical development trends.Museums have always been open to the public,they are not just a collection,but also an exhibition for the public.Through analyzing different museums,it is found that museums with augmented reality technology exhibitions are non-profit museums for the purpose of emotional experience.In order to find out the immersion factors of virtual reality in museums,on the basis of previous research,this paper divides immersion in augmented reality into story immersion,five-sense experience immersion,and spatial interaction immersion.Through the analysis of different museums,it is found that immersion through five-sense experience is the most commonly used method when all display media are included.This method provides educational content for museum visitors and projects virtual presentations through monitors and portable IT devices,thereby increasing visitors’viewing pleasure.
文摘AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopicsubmucosal dissection(ESD) for early gastric cancer(EGC) with undifferentiated-type histology.METHODS: A systematic literature review was conducted using the core databases. Complete resection,curative resection, en bloc resection, recurrence and adverse event rate were extracted and analyzed. A random effect model was applied. The methodological quality of the enrolled studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Publication bias was evaluated using a funnel plot, the trim and fill method, Egger's test,and a rank correlation test.RESULTS: Fourteen retrospective studies between2009 and 2014 were identified(972 EGC lesions with undifferentiated-type histology). The total en bloc and complete resection rates were estimated as92.1%(95%CI: 87.4%-95.2%) and 77.5%(95%CI:69.3%-84%), respectively. The total curative resection rate was 61.4%(95%CI: 44.5%-75.9%). The overall recurrence rate was 7.6%(95%CI: 3.4%-16%).Limited to histologically diagnosed expanded-criteria lesions, the en bloc and complete resection rates were91.2% and 85.6%, respectively. The curative resection rate was 79.8%.CONCLUSION: In this analysis, ESD is a technically feasible treatment modality for EGC with undifferentiatedtype histology. Long-term studies are needed to confirm these therapeutic outcomes.
基金financially supported by the Ministry of Small and Medium Enterprise and Startups (MSS),Korea,under the Social Economy Innovation Growth Project (R&D)(Project number P0013037)
文摘Objective:To explore the possible neuroprotective activities of Humulus japonicus extract against Parkinson's disease(PD)in a cellular model.Methods:PD was modeled in PC12 cells using 6-hydroxydopamine(6-OHDA).The cell activity,intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS),anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic effects,and other related indicators and related signaling pathways were evaluated to elucidate the neuroprotective effects of Humulus japonicus extract.Results:Humulus japonicus extract exhibited anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic effects in 6-OHDA-stimulated PC12 cells.It also reduced oxidative stress-induced ROS accumulation;upregulated antioxidant enzymes,such as glutathione,catalase,heme oxidase-1,and 8-oxguanine glycosylase 1;promoted cell survival by decreasing BAX and increasing Bcl-2 and sirtuin 1 expression via the MAPK and/or Nrf2 signaling pathways.Conclusions:Humulus japonicus extract has antioxidative and anti-apoptotic effects and could be developed as a promising candidate for preventing and treating oxidative stress-related neurodegenerative diseases.
基金Project financially supported by the Second Stage of Brain Korea 21 Projects and Changwon National University,Korea
文摘Thermal performance was the most important factor in the development of borehole heat exchanger utilizing geothermal energy.The thermal performance was affected by many different design parameters,such as configuration type and borehole size of geothermal heat exchanger.These eventually determined the operation and cost efficiency of the geothermal heat exchanger system.The main purpose of this work was to assess the thermal performance of geothermal heat exchanger with variation of borehole sizes and numbers of U-tubes inside a borehole.For this,a thermal response test rig was established with line-source theory.The thermal response test was performed with in-line variable input heat source.Effective thermal conductivity and thermal resistance were obtained from the measured data.From the measurement,the effective thermal conductivity is found to have similar values for twopair type(4 U-tubes)and three-pair type(6 U-tubes)borehole heat exchanger systems indicating similar heat transfer ability.Meanwhile,the thermal resistance shows lower value for the three-pair type compared to the two-pair type.Measured data based resistance have lower value compared to computed result from design programs.Overall comparison finds better thermal performance for the three-pair type,however,fluctuating temperature variation indicates complex flow behavior inside the borehole and requires further study on flow characteristics.
文摘AIM: To evaluate the association between alcoholic liver disease(ALD) and bone fractures or osteoporosis. METHODS: Non-randomized studies were identified from databases(Pub Med, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library). The search was conducted using Boolean operators and keywords, which included "alcoholic liver diseases", "osteoporosis", or "bone fractures". The prevalence of any fractures or osteoporosis, and bone mineral density(BMD) were extracted and analyzed using risk ratios and standardized mean difference(SMD). A random effects model was applied. RESULTS: In total, 15 studies were identified and analyzed. Overall, ALD demonstrated a RR of 1.944(95%CI: 1.354-2.791) for the development of bone fractures. However, ALD showed a RR of 0.849(95%CI: 0.523-1.380) for the development of osteoporosis. BMD was not significantly different between the ALD and control groups, although there was a trend toward lower BMD in patients with ALD(SMD in femur-BMD:-0.172, 95%CI:-0.453-0.110; SMD in spine-BMD:-0.169, 95%CI:-0.476-0.138). Sensitivity analyses showed consistent results. CONCLUSION: Current publications indicate significant associations between bone fractures and ALD, independent of BMD or the presence of osteoporosis.
文摘Pakistan is a developing country that has a population of 190 million people and faces a huge burden of viral diseases. Every year during monsoon season heavy rain fall and lack of disaster management skills potentially increase the transmission of waterborne diseases, vector borne diseases and viral outbreaks. Due to severe flooding, thousands of people lose their lives and millions are displaced each year. In most of the cases the children who lose their family members are forced into illegal professions of begging, child labor and prostitution which make them prone to sexually transmitted infections. Up to date, no scientific study has been conducted nationwide to illustrate epidemiological patterns of waterborne diseases, vector borne diseases and viral epidemics during flash flood. Mosquito sprays would not be a sufficient approach for dengue eradication; mass awareness, larvicide and biological control by Guppy fishes are also effective strategies to overcome dengue problem. International health bodies and non-governmental organizations must take note of this alerting situation and take adequate steps such as financial/medical aid in order to defeat the after-effects of flood.
文摘A breakthrough in advancing power density and stability of carbon-based supercapacitors is trapped by inefficient pore structures of electrode materials.Herein,an ultramicroporous carbon with ultrahigh integrated capacitance fabricated via one-step carbonization/activation of dense bacterial cellulose(BC)precursor followed by nitrogen/sulfur dual doping is reported.The microporous carbon possesses highly concentrated micropores(~2 nm)and a considerable amount of sub-micropores(<1 nm).The unique porous structure provides high specific surface area(1554 m^2 g^-1)and packing density(1.18 g cm^-3).The synergistic effects from the particular porous structure and optimal doping effectively enhance ion storage and ion/electron transport.As a result,the remarkable specific capacitances,including ultrahigh gravimetric and volumetric capacitances(430 F g^-1 and 507 F cm^-3 at 0.5 A g^-1),and excellent cycling and rate stability even at a high current density of 10 A g^-1(327 F g^-1 and 385 F cm^-3)are realized.Via compositing the porous carbon and BC skeleton,a robust all-solid-state cellulose-based supercapacitor presents super high areal energy density(~0.77 mWh cm^-2),volumetric energy density(~17.8 W L^-1),and excellent cyclic stability.
文摘Objective: The objective of the study was to identify facilitators and barriers to emergency medical service use among acute ischemic stroke patients in Korea.Methods: This paper presents a secondary analysis of a retrospective survey that collected data from questionnaires and medical records.Among 233 acute ischemic stroke patients enrolled in a large-scale study,160 patients who had arrived at a hospital within 72 h after symptom onset were included in the data analysis.Results: Users of emergency medical services needed a shorter time than non-users to arrive at hospital (140 min vs.625 min.,p =0.001) and were more likely to arrive at hospital within 3 h of symptom onset (51.9% vs.31.5%,p =0.013).For those who first contacted emergency medical service,the facilitators of emergency medical service use were the presence of hemiparesis (p =0.003),bilateral paralysis (p =0.040),and loss of balance (p =0.021).The predominant barrier was the failure to recognize the urgency of symptoms (p 0.006).Conclusions: The use of emergency medical services reduced prehospital delay and increased the likelihood of patient arrival at hospital within 3 h.Given that experiencing typical stroke symptoms was a facilitator of emergency medical service use yet failure to recognize the urgency of symptoms was a barrier,public awareness should be raised as regards stroke symptoms and the benefits of using emergency medical services.
文摘Results of previous studies from North America reported that only 14 out of the 20 items from the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) were required to assess negative affect, somatic symptoms, and anhedonia. However, it remains unclear whether this three-factor structure of the CES-D would be valid in South Korea. The purpose of this study is to examine the validity of the three-factor structure with a Korean version of the CES-D. The participants were Korean college students (N = 215), elementary school teachers (N = 234), and parents of elementary school students (N = 230). Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to examine the scale’s validity. Results indicated that the three-factor structure showed acceptable fit to data (comparative fit index = 0.95;root mean square error of approximation = 0.06). The findings indicated that the three-factor structure of the CES-D was valid in South Korea.
基金financially supported by the Ministry of Small and Medium Enterprise and Startups(MSS),Korea“Regional Specialized Industry Development Program(Project number P0002904)”supervised by the Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology.
文摘Objective: To evaluate the effect of different extracts of Diospyros lotus leaves in atopic dermatitis Methods: Diospyros lotus leaves were extracted in ethanol and treated with or without hydrochloric acid or α-rhamnosidase to obtain three different extracts-ethanol, acid-hydrolyzed, and enzyme-hydrolyzed leaf extracts of date plum. The myricitrin content in all samples was measured using HPLC analysis. In vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the extracts were determined by measuring DPPH radical scavenging activities and nitric oxide production in RAW264.7 cells, respectively. Sevenweek-old male hairless mice were used to evaluate the anti-atopic dermatitis effects of three extracts in vivo. Splenocytes and mast cells were used to further determine the anti-atopic dermatitis effects of the major compound in the ethanol leaf extract.Results: Enzyme-hydrolyzed leaf extract showed significant in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, and attenuated atopic dermatitis-like skin symptoms and clinical signs more significantly than ethanol and acid-hydrolyzed leaf extracts in 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and house dust mite antigen-treated hairless mice. Enzyme-hydrolyzed leaf extract also suppressed the serum level of immunoglobulin E, interleukin(IL)-4, tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α, interferon(IFN)-γ, thymic stromal lymphopoietin, and thymus and activation-regulated chemokine in mice with atopic dermatitis. Furthermore, histological analysis revealed that enzymehydrolyzed leaf extract suppressed the increased epidermal thickness, dermal infiltration of inflammatory cells, and infiltration and degranulation of mast cells more markedly than the other two extracts in atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions. In addition, this extract effectively inhibited the production of IFN-γ, IL-4, and thymus and activation-regulated chemokine compared with the other two extracts in concanavalin A-stimulated splenocytes. Myricitrin, a major compound of enzyme-hydrolyzed leaf extract, suppressed atopic dermatitis biomarkers in stimulated mouse splenocytes andHMC-1 human mast cells. Conclusions: These results suggest that enzyme-hydrolyzed leaf extract might be a potential candidate to treat atopic dermatitis.
基金Project supported by the Second Stage of Brain Korea 21 Projects and Changwon National University in2011-2012
文摘Thermal performance is the most important factor in the development of a borehole heat exchanger utilizing geothermal energy.The thermal performance is affected by many different design parameters and different operating conditions such as bleeding.This eventually determines the operation and cost efficiency of the borehole heat exchanger system.The thermal performance of an open standing column well (SCW) type geothermal heat exchanger was assessed under the influence of bleeding.For this,a thermal response test rig was established with line-source theory.The test rig also had a bleeding function by releasing fluid while taking additional underground water through the heat exchanger.The thermal response test was performed with an additional constant input heat source.Effective thermal conductivity and thermal resistance were obtained from the measured data.From the measurement,the effective thermal conductivity is found to have 1.47 times higher value when bleeding is applied.The thermal resistance also increases by 1.58 times compared to a non-bleeding case.This trend indicates enhanced heat transfer in the SCW type heat exchanger with a bleeding function.Bleeding,therefore,could be an effective method of achieving a high heat transfer rate in the SCW type heat exchanger with sufficient underground water supply.
文摘Objective:The aims of this study were to develop the Korean Compassionate Communication Scale and to test its validity and reliability.Methods:The Korean Compassionate Communication Scale was developed based on English version.This study is a methodological one in its approach.Results:The Korean version of Compassionate Communication Scale contained 20 items and was divided into three factors that explained 63.4%of the total variance.This scale demonstrated excellent convergent and discriminant validity(100%),and criterionrelated validity(Global Interpersonal Communication Competence r=0.494;self-compassion:r=0.317).Internal consistency was acceptable,and Cronbach’sαof the total items was 0.85.Conclusions:This study examined The Korean Compassionate Communication Scale as an appropriate measurement of communication ability for nursing practice.Therefore,this scale suggests that the developed 20 items of the Compassionate Communication Scale can be used for therapeutic relationship and nursing education.