This paper proposes a comprehensive summary and analysis of an important issue during municipal solid waste(MSW)gasification-sulfur and nitrogen pollution.It provides an overview of the fundamentals of MSW and the bas...This paper proposes a comprehensive summary and analysis of an important issue during municipal solid waste(MSW)gasification-sulfur and nitrogen pollution.It provides an overview of the fundamentals of MSW and the basic aspects of nitrogen and sulfur elements.Their characteristics of immigration,transformation and distribution during gasification with control solutions in realized or potential engineering are also concluded.The analysis indicates that the complete scenario of the occurrence form of sulfur and nitrogen elements in MSW is difficult to obtain,owing to the diverse sources and complicated compositions.However,with the assistance of advanced characterization and quantification methods(XPS,XRD,TG-FTIR,et al.),the common sulfur-and nitrogen-containing compounds in both organic and inorganic states can be detected.Adjustment of gasification conditions can regulate the transformation of these elements for emission control.The multiple pollutants including H_(2)S,SO_(x),COS,NH_(3),HCN and NO_(x)cannot be eliminated by one-step treatment but a combination of adsorption and catalytic treatments may realize the control goal.This research aims to benefit meeting emission standards during MSW gasification and to provide a reference for other processes such as incineration,pyrolysis and other feedstocks like biomass and refuse derived fuel(RDF).展开更多
Hypercrosslinked polymers(HCPs)with large surface areas,high intrinsic porosities and low production costs may be available platforms for iodine capture.However,the lack of iodine-philicity binding sites limits their ...Hypercrosslinked polymers(HCPs)with large surface areas,high intrinsic porosities and low production costs may be available platforms for iodine capture.However,the lack of iodine-philicity binding sites limits their adsorption capacity.Here we use vapor-phase postsynthetic amination strategy to introduce electron-donating amino groups into the prefabricated HCPs for enhancing their iodine capture performance.Through simple vapor-phase exposure,the halogen-containing HCPs can be grafted by amines through nucleophilic substitution toward chloro groups.Combining with the abundant amino groups and high porosities,the amino-functionalized porous polymers show substantially increased iodine adsorption capacity,about 221%as that of original one,accompanied by excellent recyclability.Mechanism investigations reveal the key roles of the electron-donor amino groups andπ-conjugated benzene rings along with structure characteristics of porous polymer frameworks in iodine capture.Moreover,this vapor-phase amination strategy shows good generality and can be extended to various amines,e.g.,ethylenediamine,1,3-diaminopropane and diethylenetriamine.Our work proves that this simple vapor-phase postsynthetic functionalization strategy may be applied in other porous polymers with wide application prospects in adsorption,separation and storage.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2019YFC1906803).
文摘This paper proposes a comprehensive summary and analysis of an important issue during municipal solid waste(MSW)gasification-sulfur and nitrogen pollution.It provides an overview of the fundamentals of MSW and the basic aspects of nitrogen and sulfur elements.Their characteristics of immigration,transformation and distribution during gasification with control solutions in realized or potential engineering are also concluded.The analysis indicates that the complete scenario of the occurrence form of sulfur and nitrogen elements in MSW is difficult to obtain,owing to the diverse sources and complicated compositions.However,with the assistance of advanced characterization and quantification methods(XPS,XRD,TG-FTIR,et al.),the common sulfur-and nitrogen-containing compounds in both organic and inorganic states can be detected.Adjustment of gasification conditions can regulate the transformation of these elements for emission control.The multiple pollutants including H_(2)S,SO_(x),COS,NH_(3),HCN and NO_(x)cannot be eliminated by one-step treatment but a combination of adsorption and catalytic treatments may realize the control goal.This research aims to benefit meeting emission standards during MSW gasification and to provide a reference for other processes such as incineration,pyrolysis and other feedstocks like biomass and refuse derived fuel(RDF).
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22178143)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Nos.2021A1515110365 and2020B1515120036)+3 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Higher Education Institutions(No.2023AH050168)Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for China College Students(No.202310878049)Director Foundation of Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Building Materials(No.JZCL2305ZR)Ph.D.Startup Foundation of Anhui Jianzhu University(No.2023QDZ34)。
文摘Hypercrosslinked polymers(HCPs)with large surface areas,high intrinsic porosities and low production costs may be available platforms for iodine capture.However,the lack of iodine-philicity binding sites limits their adsorption capacity.Here we use vapor-phase postsynthetic amination strategy to introduce electron-donating amino groups into the prefabricated HCPs for enhancing their iodine capture performance.Through simple vapor-phase exposure,the halogen-containing HCPs can be grafted by amines through nucleophilic substitution toward chloro groups.Combining with the abundant amino groups and high porosities,the amino-functionalized porous polymers show substantially increased iodine adsorption capacity,about 221%as that of original one,accompanied by excellent recyclability.Mechanism investigations reveal the key roles of the electron-donor amino groups andπ-conjugated benzene rings along with structure characteristics of porous polymer frameworks in iodine capture.Moreover,this vapor-phase amination strategy shows good generality and can be extended to various amines,e.g.,ethylenediamine,1,3-diaminopropane and diethylenetriamine.Our work proves that this simple vapor-phase postsynthetic functionalization strategy may be applied in other porous polymers with wide application prospects in adsorption,separation and storage.