Using RBF Neural Network for OptimumControl of a Cold Storage

In recent years, advanced control technologies have been used for the optimum control of a cold storage. But there are still a lot of shortcomings. One of the main problems is that the traditional methods can't realize the on-line predictive optimum control of a refrigerating system with simple and valid algorithms. An RBF neural network has a strong ability in nonlinear mapping, a good interpolating value performance, and a higher training speed. Thus a two-stage RBF neural network is proposed in this paper. Combining the measured values with the predicted values, the two-stage RBF neural network is used for the on-line predictive optimum control of the cold storage temperature. The application results of the new methods show a great success.

Studies on the Self-condensing Vinyl Living Radical Polymerization of a Novel Acrylate Inimer

A novel acrylate inimer, 2-（2-chloroacetyloxy） ethyl acrylate, was prepared by the reaction of 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate with chloroacetyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine. The self-condensing vinyl living radical polymerization of the inimer was studied and the hyperbranched macromolecules containing ester linkages on their backbone were prepared. All the polymerization products were characterized by 1H NMR. The polymerization degree and the branching parameter were calculated based on the 1H NMR spectra. It has been shown that this inimer exhibits a very distinctive polymerization behavior. Similar to step-growth polymerization, the polymerization degree of the products formed increased exponentially during the early stage of the polymerization, and then the increasing rate slowed down. However, the inimer remained present throughout the polymerization consistent with conventional free radical polymerization. Also, if much longer polymerization time was used, the polymerization system would become gel due to the crosslinking reaction derived from radical-radical recombination. As a result of the unequal reactivity of -CH2Cl and >CHCl, an almost linear product was obtained at a molar ratio of bipy to inimer=0.05, while a relatively high ratio of bipy to inimer 1 favored the formation of the branched structure. The macromolecules formed at a high ratio of bipy to inimer 1 exhibited an excellent solubility in organic solvents such as acetone.

Analysis of High Temperature Deformed Structure and Dynamic Precipitation in W9Mo3Cr4V Steel

TiAl base alloys have potential usage in aerospace engine for their high specific strength. In order to improve their poor hot workability, a new approach of hot deformation processing was investigated. The starting microstructure of Ti 46 5Al 2 5V 1 0Cr (atom percent, %) alloy is fully lamellar (FL) microstructure. The near gamma (NG) microstructure can be obtained through Nickel microalloying and heat treatment at 1 150 ℃. The isothermal compression tests were conducted on both materials using MTS machine at temperatures of 950 ℃, 1 000 ℃, and 1 050 ℃, and the strain rates of 0 01, 0 1 and 1 s -1 . Compared with the γ TiAl alloy with FL microstructure, the Ni bearing alloy with NG microstructure has better hot workability, such as enlarged hot workable region, decreased flow stresses, more uniform and finer deformed microstructure.

Application of Coherence Inversion Method to Shallow Reflection

Because of the disturbance of some regular waves, the deformity of reflective wave occurs, making the coherence inversion method unreliable. By using the event time from multi fold reflective stack the range of model parameters obtained by coherence inversion is limited in coherence inversion. Then by adjusting the initial values of the model parameters to make the waveform from the coherence inversion method be consistent with that from the original reflective gathers, the result of the inversion becomes more reliable. The application of this method in processing the reflective gathers in Songzikou by the Jingjiang River of Hubei demonstrates the efficiency of the method.

Immobilization of Lipase by Covalent Binding on Crosslinked Allyl Dextran

Lipase was immobilized by covalent binding on crosslinked allyl dextranusing SESA as coupling agent. It is shown that this immobilization approach isan efficient one for lipase. The activity of the immobilized lipase can rerch to300 - 450 U/g (dry weight). It exhibits good temperature stability, can retain88% activity after being incubated at 70℃ for 2 h. Special effects will be expected from our immobilized lipase in its applications in organic media due tothe nature Of the support.

DIFFUSIVITY OF RARE EARTH ION IN POROUS ION EXCHANGE RESINS

The self-diffusion of E.3+ ion in porous resins D72 and D751 was studied by isotope exchange reaction. .Applying Kataoka’s bidisperse pore model, the intraparticle effective diffusivity De were resolved into a solid diffusivity Dg and a macropore diffusivity Dp. The experiments show that De, Dp and Dg all increase with the increase of reaction temperature; the response DP and Dg to temperature of D72 restin is more sensitive than that of D751; De, Dp and Dg of D721 resin is smaller that that of D72 resin; the diffusivity of Eu3+ ion in solution is larger than Dp, which leads to the conclusion that the diffusion of ion in the pore of resin can not completely be equal to that in solution.

RAPID DETERMINATION OF L-GLUTAMIC ACID WITH AN ENZYME REACTOR OF L-GLUTAMIC DECARBOXYLASE IMMOBILIZED ON ION EXCHANGE RESIN

The preparation and characterization of an immobilized L-glutamic decarboxylase (GDC) were studied. This work is to develop a sensitive method for the determination of L-glutamate using a new biosensor, which consists of an enzyme column reactor of GDC immobilized on a novel ion exchange resin (carboxymethyl-copolymer of allyl dextran and N.N?methylene-bisacrylamide CM-CADB) and ion analyzer coupled with a CO2 electrode. The conditions for the enzyme immobilization were optimized by the parameters: buffer composition and concentration, adsorption equilibration time, amount of enzyme, temperature, ionic strength and pH. The properties of the immobilized enzyme on CM-CADB were studied by investigating the initial rate of the enzyme reaction, the effect of various parameters on the immobilized GDC activity and its stability. An immobilized GDC enzyme column reactor matched with a flow injection system-ion analyzer coupled with CO2 electrode-data collection system made up the original form of the apparatus of biosensor for determining of L-glutamate acid. The limit of detection is 1.0×10-5 M. The linearity response is in the range of 5×10 -2-5×10 -5 M . The equation of linear regression of the calibration curve is y= 43.3x + 181.6 (y is the milli-volt of electrical potential response, x is the logarithm of the concentration of the substrate of L-glutamate acid). The correlation coefficient equals 0.99. The coefficient of variation equals 2.7%.

CARBONIZED FIBROUS RESIN AS A NEW SORBENT FOR SAMPLING POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAHS) IN AMBIENT AIR

A new sampling method of ambient air analysis using carbonized fibrous resin as a sorbent for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was reported. The physical and chemical properties of the carbonized fibrous resins were measured. The sample pretreatment with ultrasonic extraction and subsequent clean-up elution through a silica gel column was optimized. The suitable ultrasonic extraction conditions were selected as follows: resin weight was 1.5 g, ultrasonic extraction time 20 min, volume of extraction solvent 100 ml and extraction operation times 2~3. The concentrated extractable organic matter was submitted to next step of clean-up procedure of adsorption chromatography on silica gel column/n-hexane and a mixture of dichloromethene:n-hexane solution 2:3 (v/v). The PAHs fractions in the real samples from Changzhou, China were particularly analyzed using GC-MS data system and the data of mass spectra, retention times and scan numbers of the real samples were compared with that of the standards of 16 PAHs listed by the US EPA as 損riority pollutants?of the environment. The analysis of the real samples indicates that the carbonized fibrous resin is a good sorbent. The pretreatment of samples of ambient air with carbonized fibrous resin as a sorbent for PAHs is proved to be reliable and might be used for the procedure of the determination of PAHs in atmospheric environment.