Mitochondrial genome of Chthamalus challengeri(Crustacea:Sessilia): gene order comparison within Chthamalidae and phylogenetic consideration within Balanomorpha

Acorn barnacles are important model species in researches on intertidal ecology, larval development and biofouling. At present, with the development of mitochondrial genomics, it is helpful to understand the phylogenetic relationship from the mitogenomic level. The complete mitochondrial genome of Chthamalus challengeri was presented. The genome is a circular molecule of 15 358 bp. Compared with other species in Balanomorpha, the non-coding region is longer, while the length of the genes is similar to the other species. The overall A+T content of the mitochondrial genome of C. challengeri is 70.5%. There are variations of initiation and stop codons in the known Balanomorpha mitochondrial genomes. The C. challengeri and C. antennatus within the same genus share the identical gene arrangement. However, the gene arrangement of different genera in Chthamalidae is different, as there is a translocation between two tRNA genes and an inversion involving a large gene block. In particular, both srRNA and lrRNA of the two species in Chthamalus are encoded in the heavy strand, differing from the former Balanomorpha species. The topology and gene arrangement in Chthamalidae support each other. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that the Chthamalidae is monophyletic, while the Balanidae and Archaeobalanidae are polyphyletic.

Effects of westward shoaling pycnocline on characteristics and energetics of internal solitary wave in the Luzon Strait by numerical simulations

An internal gravity wave model was employed to simulate the generation of internal solitary waves(ISWs)over a sill by tidal flows.A westward shoaling pycnocline parameterization scheme derived from a three-parameter model was adopted,and then 14 numerical experiments were designed to investigate the influence of the pycnocline thickness,density difference across the pycnocline,westward shoaling isopycnal slope angle and pycnocline depth on the ISWs.When the pycnocline thickness on both sides of the sill increases,the total barotropic kinetic energy,total baroclinic energy and ratio of baroclinic kinetic energy(KE)to available potential energy(APE)decrease,whilst the depth of isopycnal undergoing maximum displacement and ratio of baroclinic energy to barotropic energy increase.When the density difference on both sides of the sill decreases synchronously,the total barotropic kinetic energy,ratio of baroclinic energy to barotropic energy and total baroclinic energy decrease,whilst the depth of isopycnal undergoing maximum displacement increases.When the westward shoaling isopycnal slope angle increases,the total baroclinic energy increases whilst the depth of turning point almost remains unchanged.When the depth of westward shoaling pycnocline on both sides of the sill reduces,the ratio of baroclinic energy to barotropic energy and total baroclinic energy decrease,whilst the total barotropic kinetic energy and ratio of KE to APE increase.When one of the above four different influencing factors was increased by 10%while the other factors keep unchanged,the amplitude of the leading soliton in ISW Packet A was decreased by 2.80%,7.47%,3.21%and 6.42%respectively.The density difference across the pycnocline and the pycnocline depth are the two most important factors in affecting the characteristics and energetics of ISWs.

The Response of Bio-Component Production of Nannochloris oculata to the Combinations of Monochromatic Light

Illuminating conditions are crucial factors affecting the microalgal growth and biosynthesis.The effects of illuminating spectral quality on the growth and bio-component production of Nannochloris oculata were investigated.The results indicated that a high proportion of Red-light enhanced the pigments and carbohydrate production but reduced those of the biomass and lipid.Mono-chromatic Blue-light has advantageous effects on lipid production compared with Red-and White-light.The optimal light spectrum for the protein production was the combination of Red-and Blue-light at a ratio of 4:3 or 5:2.Among the seven fatty acids identified from N.oculata,the contents of C16:0,C18:0,and C18:3(n-3)in the lipid were inhibited by the increased proportion of Red-light while those of C18:2(n-9),C16:2(n-6),and C20:0 were inhibited by Blue-light.Monochromatic Red-and Blue-light and their com-binations were proposed as a promising illuminating strategy for the large-scale cultivation aiming for various bio-components.

Development of environmentally friendly biological algicide and biochemical analysis of inhibitory effect of diatom Skeletonema costatum

Skeletonema costatum is a diatom widely distributed in red tide microalgae blooms and as one of the main algae causing harmful algal blooms,because of their rapid reproduction and production of toxic and harmful substances,often play a negative role in aquatic ecosystems,and human health and wellbeing.Bacillomycin D is a nonribosomal cyclic antifungal lipopeptide in the iturins family.In this study,Bacillomycin D was tested for its ability to inhibit the growth of S.costatum.The EC_(50 24h) of Bacillomycin D on S.costatum was 24.70μg/mL.The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters F_(v)/F_(m),F_(v)/F_(o),and yield of the diatoms decreased significantly with increasing concentrations of Bacillomycin D.Study of the mechanism showed that Bacillomycin D induced cell death by changing cell membrane permeability,promoting the release of cellular contents.In this study,transcriptomic analysis showed Bacillomycin D significantly inhibited the photosynthesis and metabolism of S.costatum.These findings investigated the inhibitory effect of Bacillomycin D on the growth of S.costatum and provided a theoretical foundation for the development of new environmentally friendly biological algicide.

Fluorescence characterization and microbial degradation of dissolved organic matter leached from salt marsh plants in the Yellow River Delta

盐沼植被是沿海水体中溶解有机物(Dissolved Organic Matter,DOM)的重要贡献者。然而,不同盐沼植物释放DOM的动力学特征尚缺乏系统研究和比较。黄河三角洲湿地是中国东海岸面积最大,保护最完善的沿海生态系统之一。本论文研究了2016年10月从黄河三角洲(Yellow River Delta,YRD)盐沼中采集的三种常见沼泽植物(芦苇(Phragmites australis),碱蓬(Suaeda salsa)和獐茅(Aeluropus littoralis)的DOM释放过程。通过测定溶解有机碳(Dissolved Organic Carbon,DOC)和溶解氮(Dissolved Nitrogen,DN)发现,植物叶片释放的DOM浓度远高于其根和茎。在27天的培养期内,平均有15%的生物碳和30%的生物氮以DOC和DN的形式通过植物叶片释放。从植物中释放的DOM非常不稳定,在27天的培养期内,细菌共消耗了92.4%-98.1%的DOC和88.0%-94.6%的DN。植物释放DOM的荧光特性表明,发色溶解的有机物(Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter,CDOM)是DOM的主要组分,而类蛋白组分是植物释放CDOM的主要组分。细菌的降解作用改变了DOM的荧光性质和化学组成。上述的室内研究结果得到了实地调查的充分支撑,表明在深秋时期黄河口湿地有大量DOM溢出。本研究结果表明,盐沼植物释放的DOM是沼泽和沿海水域DOC和DN的重要来源,而且易降解DOC和DN为黄河口湿地和邻近沿海水域中的微生物群落提供了重要的食物来源。

Liensinine attenuates inflammation and oxidative stress in spleen tissue in an LPS-induced mouse sepsis model

Sepsis is a complex syndrome caused by multiple pathogens and involves multiple organ failure,particularly spleen dysfunction.In 2017,the worldwide incidence was 48.9 million sepsis cases and 1l million sepsis-related deaths were reported(Rudd et al.,2020).Inflammation,oxidative stress,and apoptosis are the most common pathologies seen in sepsis.Liensinine(LIE)is a bisbenzylisoquinoline-type alkaloid extracted from the seed embryo of Nelumbo nucifera.Lotus seed hearts have high content of LIE which mainly has antihypertensive and antiarrhythmic pharmacological effects.It can exert anti-carcinogenicactivityby regulating cell.

Scutellarin prevents acute alcohol-induced liver injury via inhibiting oxidative stress by regulating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and inhibiting inflammation by regulating the AKT,p38 MAPK/NF-κB pathways

Alcoholic liver disease(ALD)is the most frequent liver disease worldwide,resulting in severe harm to personal health and posing a serious burden to public health.Based on the reported antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities of scutellarin(SCU),this study investigated its protective role in male BALB/c mice with acute alcoholic liver injury after oral administration(10,25,and 50 mg/kg).The results indicated that SCU could lessen serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)levels and improve the histopathological changes in acute alcoholic liver;it reduced alcohol-induced malondialdehyde(MDA)content and increased glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),catalase(CAT),and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity.Furthermore,SCU decreased tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6),and IL-1βmessenger RNA(mRNA)expression levels,weakened inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)activity,and inhibited nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain(NOD)-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome activation.Mechanistically,SCU suppressed cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1(CYP2E1)upregulation triggered by alcohol,increased the expression of oxidative stress-related nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)and heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)pathways,and suppressed the inflammation-related degradation of inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)-α(IκBα)as well as activation of NF-κB by mediating the protein kinase B(AKT)and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)pathways.These findings demonstrate that SCU protects against acute alcoholic liver injury via inhibiting oxidative stress by regulating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and suppressing inflammation by regulating the AKT,p38 MAPK/NF-κB pathways.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced mitochondrial dysfunction inhibits proinflammatory cytokine secretion and enhances cytotoxicity in mouse macrophages in a reactive oxygen species(ROS)-dependent way

Pseudomonas aeruginosa belongs to the genus Pseudomonas and is a common Gram-negative,exclusively aerobic,conditionally pathogenic bacterium with the characteristics of easy colonization,mutation,and multidrug resistance(Deng et al.,2015;Azam and Khan,2019;Jurado-Martin et al.,2021).

Ameliorative effect of scutellarin on acute alcohol brain injury in mice

Drinking culture has high significance in both China and the world,whether in the entertainment sector or in social occasions;according to the World Health Organization's 2018 Global Alcohol and Health Report,about 3 million people died from excessive drinking in 2016,accounting for 5.3%of the total global deaths that year.Oxidative stress and inflammation are the most common pathological phenomena caused by alcohol abuse(Snyder et al.,2017).

Cu-DNAzyme facilitates highly sensitive immunoassay

Fast and sensitive antigen detection is important in biomedical research and development. Despite, being invented 48 years ago, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) remains one of the most successful and widely employed bioanalytical techniques in research and clinical diagnostics due to its reliability and simplistic design. Recently, nanotechnology has offered efficient signal reporting. In spite of some improvements in these systems, there are typically increased material costs involved and the need for expensive equipment or complicated chemical processes, thus negating any possible benefits over ELISA. Herein, we communicate a simple Cu-DNAzyme system for signal transduction of a CuO nanoparticle-labeled immunoassay. The reported immunoassay amplifies signal generation similar to traditional ELISA and is fast, simple, cost-effective, and sensitive, holding promise for biomedical applications and point-of-care testing.