Energy control strategy for parallel hydrostatic transmission hybrid vehicles

Aimed at the relatively lower energy density and complicated coordinating operation between two power sources,a special energy control strategy is required to maximize the fuel saving potential.Then a new type of configuration for hydrostatic transmission hybrid vehicles(PHHV) and the selection criterion for important components are proposed.Based on the optimization of planet gear transmission ratio and the analysis of optimal energy distribution for the proposed PHHV on a representative urban driving cycle,a fuzzy torque control strategy and a braking energy regeneration strategy are designed and developed to realize the real-time control of energy for the proposed PHHV.Simulation results demonstrate that the energy control strategy effectively improves the fuel economy of PHHV.

Mathematical modeling on multi-stage series crushing ratio distribu- tion based on fuzzy physical programming

Double-layer, multi-roller plate crusher is a new device, that uses a multi-stage series crushing style to break particles, with the crushing ratio distribution directly influencing the machine＇s performance. Three crushing ratios of 2.25, 2.15 and 2.01, used for fuzzy physical programming, were determined. The comparison of the optimized result between the double-layer multi-roller plate crusher and a high pressure roll grinder showed that the double-layer multi-roller plate crusher had a better performance, reducing crushing force and wear.

Numerical simulation of micro-particle deposition in a realistic human upper respiratory tract model during transient breathing cycle

An more reliable human upper respiratory tract model that consisted of an oropharynx and four generations of asymmetric tracheo-bronchial （TB） airways has been constructed to investigate the micro-particle deposition pattern and mass distribution in five lobes under steady inspiratory condition in former work by Huang and Zhang （2011 ）. In the present work, transient airflow patterns and particle deposition during both inspiratory and expiratory processes were numerically simulated in the realistic human upper respiratory tract model with 14 cartilaginous rings （CRs） in the tracheal tube. The present model was validated under steady inspiratory flow rates by comparing current results with the theoretical models and pub- lished experimental data. The transient deposition fraction was found to strongly depend on breathing flow rate and particle diameter but slightly on turbulence intensity. Particles were mainly distributed in the high axial speed zones and traveled basically following the secondary flow. ＂Hot spots＂ of deposition were found in the lower portion of mouth cavity and posterior wall of pharynx/larynx during inspiration, but transferred to upper portion of mouth and interior wall of pharynx/larynx during expiration. The deposition fraction in the trachea during expiration was found to be much higher than that during inspiration because of the stronger secondary flow.