Technology issues and prevention strategies on sunlight greenhouse vegetable

Energy-saving solar greenhouse vegetables cultivating is to create and improve microclimate environment with greenhouse in those seasons impossible for open cultivation production and in order to achieve the purpose of harvest in advance or in delay. Since a greenhouse needs huge construction expenses and high production costs, only though the improvement of facility utilization can we obtain better economic benefits. Vegetable germination and seedling stage need a long time for ground, so they need smaller standing area. So we concentrated in a small area of cultivation can not only create a suitable environment easily, nurture strong age seedling, but also can avoid greenhouse waste. Make transplanting to greenhouse after Seedlings breeding can effectively reduce the fertility cycle and substantially increase greenhouse utilization.

Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Theoretical Calculations of a New Co(Ⅱ) Coordination Polymer Based on 5-Nitroisophthalic Acid and Bis(imidazol) Ligands

A new complex[Co（NIPH）（mbix）]n（1,H2NIPH = 5-nitroisophthalic acid,mbix =l,3-bis（imidazol-l-ylmethyl）benzene） has been hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by elemental analysis,IR spectrum,UV spectrum,TG and single-crystal X-ray diffraction.Pink crystals crystallize in the triclinic system,space group P1 with a = 8.3797（8）,b= 10.2522（10）,c= 13.4244（13） A,α=94.820（2）,β=108.105（2）,γ=104.816（2）°,V=1042.84（17） A^3,C（22）H（17）CoN5O6,Mr = 506.34,Dc = 1.613 g/cm^3,F（000） = 518,Z = 2,μ（MoKα） =0.876 mm^（-1）,the final R = 0.0505 and wR = 0.1254 for 3267 observed reflections（I〉2σ（I））.The structure of 1 exhibits a two-dimensional network structure and is extended into a three-dimensional supramolecule through hydrogen bonds and n-n interactions.In addition,Natural Bond Orbital（NBO） analysis was performed by using the PBE0/LANL2 DZ method built in Gaussian 09 Program.The calculation results showed obvious covalent interactions between the coordinated atoms and Co（Ⅱ） ion.

Synthesis,Crystal Structure and Theoretical Calculations of a Nickel(Ⅱ) Coordination Polymer Assembled by 4,4'-Oxydibenzoic Acid and 1,3-Bis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-benzene Ligands

A new metal-organic coordination polymer [Ni（oba）（mbix）（H2O）]n·n H2O（H2oba = 4,4‘-oxydibenzoic acid,mbix = 1,3-bis（imidazol-1-ylmethyl）-benzene） 1 has been hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by elemental analysis,IR,TG,UV and single-crystal X-ray diffraction.Green crystals crystallize in the triclinic system,space group P1 with a = 10.1915（18）,b = 11.415（2）,c = 12.314（2）A,α = 74.263（3）,β = 84.545（2）,γ = 74.369（3）o,V = 1327.6（4） A,C28H26N4 Ni O7,Mr = 589.24,Dc = 1.474 g/cm3,F（000） = 612,Z = 2,μ（Mo Kα） = 0.786 mm-1,the final R = 0.0332 and w R = 0.0869 for 4622 observed reflections（I 〉 2σ（I））.The structure of 1 exhibits a one-dimensional chain-like structure.In addition,natural bond orbital（NBO） analysis was performed by the PBE0/LANL2 DZ method in Gaussian 03 Program.The calculation results show obvious covalent interaction between the coordinated atoms and Ni（Ⅱ） ion.

Hydrothermal Syntheses and Crystal Structures of Two Complexes of Cobalt and Manganese Assembled by 4,4'-Oxydibenzoic Acid

Two new coordination polymers [Co（oba）（mbix）]2n·nH2O （1） and [Mn（Hoba）2（H2O）2]n （2） （H2oba = 4,4＇-oxydibenzoic acid, mbix = 1,3-bis（imidazol-1-ylmethyl）benzene） have been successfully synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. Their structures have been determined by elemental analyses, IR spectroscopy, UV and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The intermolecular hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking interactions extend the complexes into a 3D supramolecular structure.

Preparation of Compound Drinks of Jujube,Medlar and Soybean

[ Objective] The aim is to produce compound drinks of jujube, medlar and soybean. [Method] Taking jujube, medlar and soybeam as raw material, the technologies to process compound drinks were studied. The key working procedure was determined. Factors that influenced quali-ty of drinks were studied.[ Result] The best formula was： 30% ：30% ：30% of jujube： medlar： soybean. The color fixative of Vc was 0.02%. The ratio of materials and water was 1 ： 5 mg/ml. The addition of stabilizer xanthan was 0.20%. The addition of white crystal sugar was 6%. [ Conclu-slo] The sensual evaluation of the compound juice of jujube, medlar and soybean was good and the quality achieved national standard.

Culture of Bovine Fetal Skin Fibroblasts in vitro and Ipr1 Gene Transfection

In order to generate transgenic donor cells for nuclear transfer, bovine fetal fibroblasts were isolated in vitro and transfected with the eukaryotic expression vector pSRA-EGFP-Ipr1. The mouse Ipr1 gene and human SR-A promoter were successfully cloned and then used to construct this macrophage-specific eukaryotic expression vector. Bovine fetal fibroblasts in stable primary culture (4th passage) were transfected with pSRA-EGFP-Ipr1 by electroporation. Fluorescence from GFP was observed after 24h. Transgenic cells were selected using G418 and the resultant monoclones were picked and expanded. The transgenic cells, at the 9 th passage, were evaluated by PCR and flow cytometry. The inserted Ipr1 was confirmed by PCR, indicating stable integration of the transgene into the genome and cells had normal karyotypes and very good appearance, which indicate no deleterious result of the transgenesis. In conclusion, the cells obtained could be used as donor cells for nuclear transfer for further research of transgenic cattle.

Synthesis,Crystal Structure and Thermal Stability of Homopolytungstate Supporting Nickel(Ⅱ) Coordination Fragments

The orsano-inorganic hybrid compound [ Ni（phen）3] [ （H2W12O40） { Ni（phen）2H2O} { Ni（trien） } ]·2H2O was synthesized from Na2 WO4·2H2O, NiSO4·6H2O, CH3COOK, triethylenetetramine and 1,10-phenanthroline in water by the hydrothermal reaction, and characterized by IR, X-ray single crystal diffraction, and TG-DTA analysis. This compound crystallized in the monoclinic system, space group P2 （1）/n, with lattice constants： a =1.80998 （6） nm, b =2.36504（8） nm, c =2.29199（7） nm,β= 110.2220（10）°, V=9.2065（5） nm, Z=4. Final R indices R1=0.0532. ωR2=0.1295. The compound is decomposed at 593℃.

Prokaryotic Expression of IBV N Protein and Development of Indirect IBV N Protein-mediated ELISA

Avian infectious bronchitis(IB)is an acute and highly contagious disease caused by infectious bronchitis virus(IBV).In the study,according to IBV gene sequences published in Gen Bank,specific primers were designed to clone N gene by RT-PCR,and this gene was inserted into p ET-30a(+)vector resulting in a prokaryotic expression plasma p ET-30a-N.The results of SDS-PAGE and Western Blot analysis showed that the recombinant protein was expressed successfully and had good reactivity with IBV positive serum.Using purified recombinant N protein as a coating antigen,the indirect ELISA protocol was established and optimized,in which N protein was 2.5μg·m L^-1 of concentration,sample serum of 1:40 dilution.For clinical specimen,the IBV antibodies could be detected by this method efficiently and got nearly the same results as those of IBV-mediated ELISA.It would provide a good tool for rapid diagnosis and epidemiological study of avian infectious bronchitis.

Effect of Corn Stalks Treated with Carbonylamines in Different Concentrate and Forage Rations and Nitrogen Conditions on Rumen Fermentation in Vitro

[ Objective] To investigate the effects of concentrate/roughage ratios and nitrogen levels on in-vitro rumen fermentation of urea-treating corn stalk. [ Method] The concentrate/roughage ratios were 7： 3, 5：5 and 3： 7. The crude protein levels were 11% and 14%. The in-vitro culture time was 2, 4, 6 and 48 h. [ Result] The pH value of broth decreased significantly with the decline in the proportion of roughage （ P 〈 0.01 ） and with the increase in the crude protein levels （P 〈 0.05）. The ammonium nitrogen concentration and acetic acid/propionic acid ratio of the fermen- ted products decreased with the increase in the crude protein levels and proportion of concentrate in diet. The diet with concentrate/roughage ratio of 5：5 and crude protein level of 14% had significantly higher digestibility of dry matter and organic matter than other diets （ P 〈 0.05）. The digesti- bility of organic matter increased gradually with the increasing proportion of concentrate and crude protein level. With the increase in the proportion of concentrate, the microbial protein levels increased remarkably, while the acetic acid/propionic acid ratio declined. [ Conclusion] The concentrate/ roughage ratios and nitrogen levels affect rumen fermentation and microbial growth during in-vitro culture. However, the best supplementary feeding results of urea-treatinq corn stalks can be obtained when the concentrate/rouahaae ratio is below 5：5 and the crude protein level is 14%.

Evaluation of Farmers' Working Quality in Jilin Province on the Basis of AHP

In terms of the working quality of agricultural production and the working quality of non-agricultural production, the evaluation index system of the working quality of farmers is established. By using integrated fuzzy method based on AHP, we determine the weight of each index, and establish membership matrix of this evaluation index system. Taking Jilin Province as an example, we select developed regions, underdeveloped regions and comparatively developed regions respectively to conduct survey. By using the data from survey, according to the established evaluation index system, we conduct empirical analysis of the working quality of farmers. The results show that the working quality of farmers in the developed regions is relatively high, the working quality of farmers in the comparatively developed regions is ordinary, and the working quality of farmers in the underdeveloped regions is relatively low; the physical quality, educational quality and technological quality of farmers in the developed regions are high; the operation quality of agricultural production of farmers in the underdeveloped regions is high; the operation quality of non-agricultural production of farmers in the comparatively developed regions is high; the working quality of agricultural production of farmers in the comparatively developed regions and underdeveloped regions is higher than the working quality of non-agricultural production of farmers in the comparatively developed regions and underdeveloped regions; the working quality of non-agricultural industries of farmers in the developed regions is higher than the working quality of agricultural production. The urgent priority of constructing new village is to coordinate urban-rural development, and to offer preferential policies and capital for the villages with backward economic development level.

Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Theoretical Calculations of a New Two-dimensional Co(Ⅱ) Coordination Polymer Based on Oxalic Acid and Bis(imidazol) Ligands

A new Co（ll） coordination polymer has been successfully synthesized under hydrothermal conditions [Co（C2O4）（mbix）]n （1, H2C2O4 = oxalic acid, mbix = 1,3-bis（imidazol- l-ylmethyl）benzene）. Its structure has been determined by elemental analyses, IR, UV spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Pink crystals crystallize in the triclinic system, space group PI with a = 8.8666（7）, b = 9.5859（8）, c = 10,8537（9） A,α = 67.6810（10）,β= 66.1260（10）, γ = 77.1300（10）°, V= 777.77（11）, CI6HI4CoN404, Mr = 385.24, Dc = 1.645 g/cm3, F（000） = 394, Z= 2,/z（MoKa） = 1.134 mm% the final R = 0.0482 and wR = 0.1231 for 2968 observed reflections （I〉 2σ（I））. It shows a two-dimensional （2D） network structure. The intermolecular C-H…O hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking interactions extend complex 1 into a 3D supramolecular architecture and play an important role in stabilizing 1. In addition, Natural Bond Orbital （NBO） analysis was performed by using the PBE0/LANL2DZ method built in Gaussian 09 Program. The calculation results showed obvious covalent interaction between the coordinated atoms and Co（II） ion.

Research on the Separation and Purification of Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharides by Macro porous Adsorption Resin

In this study, the separation and purification of Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharides by AB-8 and D-280 macro porous ad- sorption resin were researched, the adsorption characters when AB-8 macro porous adsorption resin processed Cordyceps sinensis leachate were determined, and the eluent were bleaching treated by D-280 macro porous adsorption resin. The results showed that the concentration of 2.0mg/mL, pH = 6 at a flow rate of 0.8mL/min. The yielding amount of polysaccharides is 246.4mg, and after decolouring treatment, the final yield is 207.1 mg.

Integrated bioinformatics analysis of potential biomarkers and candidate drugs of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC),the major subtype of esophageal carcinoma(ESCA),is one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide.This study aimed to identify potential biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets for ESCC.The datasets GSE44021,GSE77861,GSE20347,and GSE29001 retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)database contained 117 ESCC tissues and 109 normal tissues.Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)associated with ESCC were identified using the GEO2R tool.Dysregulated pathways associated with ESCC mainly included mitotic regulation,cell cycle,ECM-receptor interaction,DNA replication,etc.The protein-protein interaction(PPI)network of overlapping DEGs was constructed and nine key genes(KGs)were identified from the complex interaction network using Degree,maximum neighborhood component(MNC),and maximal clique centrality(MCC)algorithms.Expression patterns of KGs at the transcriptional and translational levels were validated using ESCC-related data from the Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA),Oncomine,and Human Protein Atlas(HPA)databases.Genetic alterations calculation,immune cell infiltrates evaluation,methylation analysis,prognostic analysis,transcription factors(TFs)and miRNAs regulatory networks construction,and targeted drug prediction were further performed.It was also found that the knockout of these KGs affected the survival of more than two types of ESCC cells by genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 dropout screens.In conclusion,we identified KGs,TFs,and miRNAs with biomarker potential(e.g.,NDC80,BUB1,TOP2A,AURKA,AURKB,TTK,UBE2C,TPX2,BUB1B,E2F1,and hsa-miR-483-5p)and 23 candidate targeted drugs for ESCC by utilizing an integrated multi-omics approach.These findings provide additional insights into uncovering the molecular mechanism and improving the efficiency of clinical diagnosis and treatment for ESCC.

Adsorption of Cu(Ⅱ) on humic acids derived from different organic materials

The adsorption of Cu（Ⅱ） from aqueous solution onto humic acid （HA） which was isolated from cattle manure （CHA）, peat （PHA）, and leaf litter （LHA） as a function of contact time, pH, ion strength, and initial concentration was studied using the batch method. X-ray absorption spectroscopy （XAS） was used to examine the coordination environment of the Cu（ll） adsorbed by HA at a molecular level. Moreover, the chemical compositions of the isolated HA were characterized by elemental analysis and solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy （NMR）. The kinetic data showed that the adsorption equilibrium can be achieved within 8 h. The adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order equation. The adsorption isotherms could be well fitted by the Langmuir model, and the maximum adsorption capacities of Cu（ll） on CHA, PHA, and LHA were 229.4,210.4, and 197.7 mg g-1, respectively. The adsorption of Cu（Ⅱ） on HA increased with the increase in pH from 2 to 7, and maintained a high level at pH〉7. The adsorption of Cu（Ⅱ） was also strongly influenced by the low ionic strength of 0.01 to 0.2 mol L-1 NaNO3, but was weakly influenced by high ionic strength of 0.4 to 1 mol L-1 NaNO3. The Cu（Ⅱ） adsorption on HA may be mainly attributed to ion exchange and surface complexation. XAS results revealed that the binding site and oxidation state of Cu adsorbed on HA surface did not change at the initial Cu（Ⅱ） concentrations of 15 to 40 mg L 1. For all the Cu（Ⅱ） adsorption samples, each Cu atom was surrounded by 40/N atoms at a bond distance of 1.95 A in the first coordination shell. The presence of the higher Cu coordination shells proved that Cu（Ⅱ） was adsorbed via an inner-sphere covalent bond onto the HA surface. Among the three HA samples, the adsorption capacity and affinity of CHA for Cu（Ⅱ） was the greatest, followed by that of PHA and LHA. All the three HA samples exhibited similar types of elemental and functional groups, but different contents of elemental and functional groups. CHA contained larger proportions of methoxyl C, phenolic C and carbonyl C, and smaller proportions of alkyl C and carbohydrate C than PHA and LHA. The structural differences of the three HA samples are responsible for their distinct adsorption capacity and affinity toward Cu（Ⅱ）. These results are important to achieve better understanding of the behavior of Cu（Ⅱ） in soil and water bodies in the presence of organic materials.

Porcine Parvovirus Inducing Autophagy to Benefit Its Replication

Porcine parvovirus(PPV) is one of the major causes of reproductive failure in pigs, which poses a great threat to the pig breeding industry and results in tremendous economic losses worldwide. Autophagy is the biological process of cell self-defense and self-protection. Despite many viruses can cause cell autophagy, when they enter cell or copied, the relationship between autophagy and PPV infection has not been reported. In this study, impact of autophagy after swine testicular(ST) cells infected by PPV was studied. Autophagy was demonstrated by the effective replication of PPV through transmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescence and western blot analysis. Moreover, autophagy was confirmed to benefit PPV replication by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and determination of median tissue culture infective dose(TCID). For the first time, the complex interaction between PPV infection and autophagy was explored in this study. It indicated that PPV could induce autophagy in ST cells, which in turn facilitated its own replication, which might be one of the mechanisms of the virus infection. These findings could facilitate the study of the pathogenesis of PPV infection and provide new insight into the development of effective therapeutic strategies.

Expression of structural genes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis of Vitis amurensis

This research was designed to assess the changes in anthocyanin content in grape skins of Vitis amurensis and to explore m RNA transcriptions of 11 structural genes（PAL,CHS3, CHI1, F3H2, F30 H, F3050 H, DFR, LDOX, UFGT,OMT and GST） related to anthocyanin biosynthesis during grape berry development, by the use of HPLC-MS/MS and real-time Q-PCR analysis. Accumulation of anthocyanins began at veraison, continued throughout the later berry development and reached a peak at maturity. Veraison is the time when the berries turn from green to purple. Expression of PAL, CHI1, and LDOX were up-regulated from 2 to4 weeks after flowering（WAF）, down-regulated from6 WAF to veraison, whereas DFR was up-regulated at8 WAF, and then up-regulated from veraison to maturity.CHS3, F3050 H, UFGT, GST, and OMT were down-regulated from 2 WAF to veraison, and then up-regulated from veraison to maturity. The transcriptional expressions of the11 structural genes also showed positive correlations with the anthocyanin content from veraison to maturity. Positive correlations were also observed between OMT transcriptional level and the content of methoxyl-anthocyanins, and between F3050 H transcriptional level and the content of delphinidin anthocyanins. F3H2 and F30 H expression was up-regulated at 2 WAF. F3H2 expression was down-regulated from 4 WAF to veraison and then up-regulated again from veraison to maturity. F30 H expression was down-regulated at 4 WAF and then up-regulated again from 6 WAF to maturity. F30 H transcriptional level was correlated positively with the cyanidin anthocyanin concentration from veraison to maturity. These results indicate that the onset of anthocyanin synthesis during berry development coincides with a coordinated increase in the expression of a number of genes in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway.

Effects of Combinatorial Expression of selA, selB and selC Genes on the Efficiency of Selenocysteine Incorporation in Escherichia coli

In Escherichia coil four gene products（selA, selB, selC and selD） and a selenocysteine（Sec） insertion sequence（SECIS） are required for the correct translation of UGA codons encoding Sec. Previous studies have shown that the stoichiometry of selenoproteine mRNA and elongation factor SelB affect the efficiency of Sec incorporation. Herein lies a detailed analysis of the effects of co-expressing selA, selB and selC genes under inducible promoters on the incorporation efficiency of Sec. Over-expression of either selA or selB reduced the efficiency of Sec incorporation by 61.1% or 11.6%, respectively, compared to the over-expression of the reporter vector alone did. Concomitant over-expression ofselC with selA or selB completely reversed the reduce of the efficiency of Sec but still reduced the efficiency of the incorporation relative to that observed for expression of selC alone. Over-expression of selC gene alone under L-arabinose induction reduced the efficiency of the incorporation relative to that observed for co-expressing selC with selA and selB under the control of its endogenous promoter in the absence of L-arabinose. Co-expression of selA, selB and selC with selA or selB under the control of inducible promoters increased the effi- ciency of Sec incorporation by 69.7%. Moreover, inducing selenoprotein-related gene expression during the late exponential phase increased the efficiency of Sec incorporation by a factor of 5.4 relative to that observed for the reporter vector alone. These results suggest that the co-expression of selA, selB and selC in Escherichia coli under the control of inducible promoters is a viable and promising strategy for increasing the yields of selenoproteins.

Two new steroidal tetraglycosides from the rhizomes of Smilacina atropurpurea

Smilacina atropurpurea(family Convallariaceae)is a perennial herb used medicinally for the trea tment of lung ailments,rheumatism,menstrual disorders,and cuts and bruises,by the local people of its growing areas in southwest China.The tender aerial part has also been used as a wild vegetable by Lisu,Naxi and Tibetan people.Chemical analysis of the rhizomes of this plant has allowed us to isolate two new minor steroidal tetraglycosides,specifically atropurosides H(1) and I(2),by repeated column chromatography over silica gel and reversed phase silica.The structures were determined to be(25R,S)-12β-hydroxy-spirost-5-ene-3β-yl-O-β-D-glucopyranosy1-(1→2)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-galactopyranoside(1)and(25S)-5α-spirost-17α-hydroxy-3β-yl-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-D-glucopy-ranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-galacto pyranoside(2),respectively,on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analysis including ID and 2D NM R techniques.

Optimizing channel cross section in irrigation area using improved cat swarm optimization algorithm

This research aimed to design the channel cross section with low water loss in irrigation areas.The traditional methods and models are based on explicit equations which neglect seepage and evaporation losses with low accuracy.To rectify this problem,in this research,an improved cat swarm optimization(ICSO)was obtained by adding exponential inertia weight coefficient and mutation to enhance the efficiency of conventional cat swarm optimization(CSO).Finally,the Fifth main channel of Jiangdong Irrigation area in Heilongjiang Province was taken as a study area to test the ability of ICSO.Comparing to the original design,the reduction of water loss was 20%with low flow errors.Furthermore,the ICSO was compared with genetic algorithm(GA),the particle swarm optimization(PSO)and cat swarm algorithm(CSO)to verify the effectiveness in the channel section optimization.The results are satisfactory and the method can be used for reliable design of artificial open channels.