Huang Qi(黄芪Astragalus membranaceus)is a well-known and widely used herb in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)tonic preparations.It has been used for many ailments over the last 2000 years.Flavonoids,saponins,and poly...Huang Qi(黄芪Astragalus membranaceus)is a well-known and widely used herb in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)tonic preparations.It has been used for many ailments over the last 2000 years.Flavonoids,saponins,and polysaccharides have been shown to be the main compounds responsible for the biological and pharmacological activities,especially the immunomodulatory properties,of such tonic preparations.This review summarizes the published data on Astragalus extracts and fractions and the natural compounds responsible for the immunomodulatory activity with special reference to the modulation of nuclear factor-kappa B and related pathways(e.g.,Nrf2).In addition,this review highlights the importance of Astragalus membranaceus in TCM for treating patients with diseases related to immunocompromised conditions,such as cancer and diabetes.展开更多
Objective:The quality evaluation of herbal products remains a big challenge.Traceable markers are the core concept of the authentication of herbal products.However,the discovery of traceable markers is labor-intensive...Objective:The quality evaluation of herbal products remains a big challenge.Traceable markers are the core concept of the authentication of herbal products.However,the discovery of traceable markers is labor-intensive and time-consuming.The aim of this study is to develop a convenient approach to rapidly screen the traceable markers for herbal product authentication.Methods:Commercial Jing Liqueur and its 22 species of herbal ingredients were analyzed using HPLCQTOF-MS and GC–MS to characterize nonvolatile and volatile chemicals.The acquired data were imported into MZmine 2 software for mass detection,chromatogram building,deconvolution and alignment.The aligned data were exported into a csv file and then traceable markers were selected using the built-in filter function in Excel.Finally,the traceable markers were identified by searching against online databases or publications,some of which were confirmed by reference standards.Results:A total of 288 chemical features transferred from herbal materials to Jing Liqueur product were rapidly screened out.Among them,52 markers detected by HPLC-QTOF-MS were annotated,while nine volatile markers detected by GC–MS were annotated.Moreover,30 of these markers were confirmed by comparing with reference standards.A chemical fingerprint consisting of traceable markers was finally generated to ensure the authentication and quality consistency of Jing Liqueur.Conclusion:A strategy for rapid discovery of traceable markers in herbal products using MZmine 2 software was developed.展开更多
文摘Huang Qi(黄芪Astragalus membranaceus)is a well-known and widely used herb in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)tonic preparations.It has been used for many ailments over the last 2000 years.Flavonoids,saponins,and polysaccharides have been shown to be the main compounds responsible for the biological and pharmacological activities,especially the immunomodulatory properties,of such tonic preparations.This review summarizes the published data on Astragalus extracts and fractions and the natural compounds responsible for the immunomodulatory activity with special reference to the modulation of nuclear factor-kappa B and related pathways(e.g.,Nrf2).In addition,this review highlights the importance of Astragalus membranaceus in TCM for treating patients with diseases related to immunocompromised conditions,such as cancer and diabetes.
文摘Objective:The quality evaluation of herbal products remains a big challenge.Traceable markers are the core concept of the authentication of herbal products.However,the discovery of traceable markers is labor-intensive and time-consuming.The aim of this study is to develop a convenient approach to rapidly screen the traceable markers for herbal product authentication.Methods:Commercial Jing Liqueur and its 22 species of herbal ingredients were analyzed using HPLCQTOF-MS and GC–MS to characterize nonvolatile and volatile chemicals.The acquired data were imported into MZmine 2 software for mass detection,chromatogram building,deconvolution and alignment.The aligned data were exported into a csv file and then traceable markers were selected using the built-in filter function in Excel.Finally,the traceable markers were identified by searching against online databases or publications,some of which were confirmed by reference standards.Results:A total of 288 chemical features transferred from herbal materials to Jing Liqueur product were rapidly screened out.Among them,52 markers detected by HPLC-QTOF-MS were annotated,while nine volatile markers detected by GC–MS were annotated.Moreover,30 of these markers were confirmed by comparing with reference standards.A chemical fingerprint consisting of traceable markers was finally generated to ensure the authentication and quality consistency of Jing Liqueur.Conclusion:A strategy for rapid discovery of traceable markers in herbal products using MZmine 2 software was developed.
