Spatial-temporal variability of throughfall in a subtropical deciduous forest from the hilly regions of eastern China

Throughfall variability plays a crucial role in regulating hydrological and biogeochemical processes in forest ecosystems. However, throughfall variability and its potential influencing factors remain unclear in the subtropical deciduous forest because of its complex canopy and meteorological conditions. Here, the spatial variability and temporal stability of throughfall were investigated from October 2016 to December 2017 within a deciduous forest in the subtropical hilly regions of eastern China, and the effects of meteorological variables and distance from nearest tree trunk on throughfall variability were systematically evaluated. Throughfall variability during the leafed period was slightly higher than that during the leafless period inferred from the coefficient of variation of throughfall amounts(CVTF), with 13.2%-40.9% and 18.7%-31.9%, respectively. The multiple regression model analysis suggested that the controlling factors of throughfall variability were different in studied periods: Maximum 10-min rainfall intensity, wind speed and air temperature were the dominant influencing factors on throughfall variability during the leafed period, with the relative contribution ratio(RCR) of 25.9%, 18.7% and 8.9%, respectively. By contrast, throughfall variability was affected mainly by the mean rainfall intensity(RCR=40.8%) during the leafless period. The temporal stability plots and geostatistical analysis indicated that spatial patterns of throughfall were stable and similar among rainfall events. Our findings highlight the important role of various meteorological factors in throughfall variability and are expected to contribute to the accurate assessment of throughfall, soil water and runoff within the subtropical forests.

Evaluation and Estimation of the Provincial Infant Mortality Rate in China's Sixth Census

Objective To assess the data quality and estimate the provincial infant mortality rate（1q0） from China＇s sixth census. Methods A log-quadratic model is applied to under-fifteen data. We analyze and compare the average relative errors（AREs） for 1q0 between the estimated and reported values using the leave-one-out cross-validation method. Results For the sixth census, the AREs are more than 100% for almost all provinces. The estimated average 1q0 level for 31 provinces is 12.3‰ for males and 10.7‰ for females. Conclusion The data for the provincial 1q0 from China＇s sixth census have a serious data quality problem. The actual levels of 1q0 for each province are significantly higher than the reported values.

Health education improves effectively therapy of inpatients with hypertension

Objective： Low rate of medication usage and blood pressure （BP） control, bad lifestyle, poor cognition to hypertension, have been obstacles in prevention from hypertensive disease and complication in Chinese cohort. Health education appears to be an impendent measure to improve this situation. To study the effect of health education on the rate of medication usage and BP control, the lifestyle, and the incidence of complication among patients with hypertension. Methods ： 284 hypertensive inpatients were divided randomly into two groups： the control group was intervened with routine medication; the education group was intervened with routine medication in combination with intensive health education according to the investigation on the risk factors of cardiocerebrovascular diseases and cognitive levels of hypertensive .disease. During 12.16 ± 1.95 months of following up, the status of lifestyle, the rate of medication usage and BP control, and incidence of complications between two groups were analyzed. Results： In education group, the rate of smoking, alcohol intake, lower-salt ingesting, exercise, medication usage and BP control were improved after intervention and significantly different from those before intervention （P 〈 0.01）. After intervention, the incidence of complications in education group and control group was 10.9% and 30.5% respectively （P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusion ： Intensive health education is an important measure in preventing from hypertension.

Teachers' Roles in the Teaching of the Course of English Linguistics

Linguistics is a necessary course for English-majors because it plays an important role in second language learning, teaching and research. It is significant, yet difficult to make this course comprehensible and interesting and get the students involved in and attracted by it. This paper intends to analyze and explore teachers' roles in the course of linguistics from the following aspects: as an explainer, as an activator, as a co-learner, as a question-finder and as an enabler. Some examples are taken to show how to make use of comparison, contrast, instance, discussion, and practice for classroom management. What's important for a teacher of linguistics is not only to understand linguistic theories and carry on linguistic research by him- or herself, but also to make his or her students get to know the nature of language and learn to do scientific studies of language by themselves.

FRACTURE RESISTANCE OF 3D-C/SiC COMPOSITES AT 1300℃

Based on the energy conservation, the elastic energy linked to the compliance change, non-elastic energy dissipated by irreversible deformation and the resistance for crack propagation were quantitatively characterized by evaluation the load/load point displacement curves tested by three points bend experiment with single notch beam at 1300℃. The cracks length was determined by compliance calibration curves. It is shown by experimental results that the compliance of 3D-C/SiC composites changes with the cracks can be described by third order polynomial. The variation of crack advancing resistance with non-dimensional equivalent crack length presents a convex curve. The crack advancing resistance increases firstly and then decreases with the non-dimensional equivalent crack length, finally is in comparatively low level. The maximum values of crack advancing resistance are 269.73kJ/m2 for non-dimensional equivalent crack length of 0.318 and original notch length of 0.35mm, and 138.65kJ/m2 for non-dimensional equivalent crack length of 0.381 and original notch length of 2.06mm, respectively.

THE APPLICATION OF HOMOGENEOUS FUNCTION ANALYSIS TO RELATIVISTIC WkB APPROXIMATIONS

This paper illustrates how homogeneous function analysis can be generalized. to relativistic quantum mechanics for finding the WKB energy levels of Dirac particle in the positive power-law potentials (V = lambda-r(v), S = lambda'r(v), lambda, lambda', v > 0). The results show that the equation determining energy levels contains a product of hypergeometric function with some gamma functions, and the energy of particle is proportional to (2n(r) + l + 3/2) 2v/1 + v under the condition that the relativistic effect plays a principal role in contrast with the (2n(r) + l + 3/2) 2v/2 + v dependence in nonrelativistic case.

ELECTRON CORRELATION AND MANY-BODY WAVE FUNCTION OF SEMICONDUCTOR HETEROJUNCTION

Based on the Correlated-Basis-Functions(CBF)theoryr we have obtained the many・body wave function for the quasi-two-dimensional electron system tn Al_(x)Ga_(1-x)As-GaAs heterojunction.The pair-correlation functions g(R)were calculated,and a new method for the calculation of correlation energy was also presented.

Preparation and Identification of scFv and bsFv against Transferrin Receptor

To obtain single chain variable fragment （scFv） and bivalent single chain variable fragment （bsFv） against transferrin receptor, up-stream and down-stream primers were designed according to the complementary sequences of FR1 region of variable heavy （VH） and FR4 of variable light （VL）, respectively, which contained inter-linker G4S and the restriction endonuclease SfiI, AscI and NotI. Two pieces of scFv fragments were first amplified through PCR and then inserted into plasmid pAB1, which could express scFv protein once induced by IPTG in the host bacteria. To express scFv and bsFv, E. coli TG1 was cultured in LB broth and was induced by IPTG. The restriction enzyme digestion map and DNA sequencing demonstrated that scFv and bsFv genes were successfully inserted into the expression plasmid. SDS-PAGE and Western blotting revealed the protein band at 35kD and 60kD, which were consistent with the molecular weight of scFv and bsFv respectively. Flow cytometry showed that scFv and bsFv harbored the specific binding activity with TfR expressed in various tumor cells, and the avidity of bsFv was higher than that of the parent scFv.