The increase in anthropogenic carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emissions has exacerbated the deterioration of the global environment,which should be controlled to achieve carbon neutrality.Central to the core goal of achieving c...The increase in anthropogenic carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emissions has exacerbated the deterioration of the global environment,which should be controlled to achieve carbon neutrality.Central to the core goal of achieving carbon neutrality is the utilization of CO_(2) under economic and sustainable conditions.Recently,the strong need for carbon neutrality has led to a proliferation of studies on the direct conversion of CO_(2) into carboxylic acids,which can effectively alleviate CO_(2) emissions and create high-value chemicals.The purpose of this review is to present the application prospects of carboxylic acids and the basic principles of CO_(2) conversion into carboxylic acids through photo-,electric-,and thermal catalysis.Special attention is focused on the regulation strategy of the activity of abundant catalysts at the molecular level,inspiring the preparation of high-performance catalysts.In addition,theoretical calculations,advanced technologies,and numerous typical examples are introduced to elaborate on the corresponding process and influencing factors of catalytic activity.Finally,challenges and prospects are provided for the future development of this field.It is hoped that this review will contribute to a deeper understanding of the conversion of CO_(2) into carboxylic acids and inspire more innovative breakthroughs.展开更多
Ammonia serves as a crucial chemical raw material and hydrogen energy carrier.Aqueous electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction(NRR),powered by renewable energy,has attracted tremendous interest during the past few...Ammonia serves as a crucial chemical raw material and hydrogen energy carrier.Aqueous electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction(NRR),powered by renewable energy,has attracted tremendous interest during the past few years.Although some achievements have been revealed in aqueous NRR,significant challenges have also been identified.The activity and selectivity are fundamentally limited by nitrogen activation and competitive hydrogen evolution.This review focuses on the hurdles of nitrogen activation and delves into complementary strategies,including materials design and system optimization(reactor,electrolyte,and mediator).Then,it introduces advanced interdisciplinary technologies that have recently emerged for nitrogen activation using high-energy physics such as plasma and triboelectrification.With a better understanding of the corresponding reaction mechanisms in the coming years,these technologies have the potential to be extended in further applications.This review provides further insight into the reaction mechanisms of selectivity and stability of different reaction systems.We then recommend a rigorous and detailed protocol for investigating NRR performance and also highlight several potential research directions in this exciting field,coupling with advanced interdisciplinary applications,in situ/operando characterizations,and theoretical calculations.展开更多
The success of catalytic schemes for the large-scale valorization of CO_(2) does not only depend on the development of active,selective and stable catalytic materials but also on the overall process design.Here we pre...The success of catalytic schemes for the large-scale valorization of CO_(2) does not only depend on the development of active,selective and stable catalytic materials but also on the overall process design.Here we present a multidisciplinary study(from catalyst to plant and techno-economic/lifecycle analysis)for the production of green methanol from renewable H2 and CO_(2).We combine an in-depth kinetic analysis of one of the most promising recently reported methanol-synthesis catalysts(InCo)with a thorough process simulation and techno-economic assessment.We then perform a life cycle assessment of the simulated process to gauge the real environmental impact of green methanol production from CO_(2).Our results indicate that up to 1.75 ton of CO_(2) can be abated per ton of produced methanol only if renewable energy is used to run the process,while the sensitivity analysis suggest that either rock-bottom H2 prices(1.5$kg1)or severe CO_(2) taxation(300$per ton)are needed for a profitable methanol plant.Besides,we herein highlight and analyze some critical bottlenecks of the process.Especial attention has been paid to the contribution of H2 to the overall plant costs,CH4 trace formation,and purity and costs of raw gases.In addition to providing important information for policy makers and industrialists,directions for catalyst(and therefore process)improvements are outlined.展开更多
We present a systematic computational study based on the density functional theory(DFT) aiming to high light the possible effects of one As doping atom on the structural, energetic, and electronic properties of differ...We present a systematic computational study based on the density functional theory(DFT) aiming to high light the possible effects of one As doping atom on the structural, energetic, and electronic properties of different isomers of Ge_(n+1) clusters with n = 1–20 atoms. By considering a large number of structures for each cluster size, the lowest-energy isomers are determined. The lowest-energy isomers reveal three-dimensional structures starting from n = 5. Their relative stability versus atomic size is examined based on the calculated binding energy, fragmentation energy, and second-order difference of energy. Doping Ge_(n+1) clusters with one As atom does not improve their stability. The electronic properties as a function of the atomic size are also discussed from the calculated HOMO–LUMO energy gap, vertical ionization potential, vertical electron affinity, and chemical hardness. The obtained results are significantly affected by the inclusion of one As atom into a Gen cluster.展开更多
Tuning the electronic structure of the electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is a promising way to achieve efficient alkaline water splitting for clean energy production(H2).At first,this paper introduces...Tuning the electronic structure of the electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is a promising way to achieve efficient alkaline water splitting for clean energy production(H2).At first,this paper introduces the significance of the tuning of electronic structure,where modifying the electronic structure of the electrocatalysts could generate active sites having optimal adsorption energy with OER intermediates,and that could diminish the energy barrier for OER,and that could improve the activity for OER.Later,this paper reviews the tuning of electronic structure along with catalytic performances,synthetic methodologies,chemical properties,and DFT calculations on various nanostructured earth-abundant electrocatalysts for OER in alkaline environment.Further,this review discusses the tuning of the electronic structure of the several nanostructured earth-abundant electrocatalysts including oxide,(oxy)hydroxide,layered double hydroxide,alloy,metal phosphide/phosphate,nitride,sulfide,selenide,carbon containing materials,MOF,core-shell/hetero/hollow structured materials,and materials with vacancies/defects for OER in alkaline environment(including activity:overpotential(η)of ≤200 mV at10 m A cm^(-2);stability:≥100 h;durability:≥5000 cycles).Then,this review discusses the robust stability of the electrocatalysts for OER towards practical application.Moreover,this review discusses the in situ formation of thin layer on the catalyst surface during OER.In addition,this review discusses the influence of the adsorption energy of the OER intermediates on OER performance of the catalysts.Finally,this review summarizes the various promising strategies for tuning the electronic structure of the electrocatalysts to achieve enhanced performance for OER in alkaline environment.展开更多
We have achieved a nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction via concerted paired electrolysis under mild reaction conditions.In this electrochemical transformation,the anodic oxidation of NiII to NiIII and cathodic re...We have achieved a nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction via concerted paired electrolysis under mild reaction conditions.In this electrochemical transformation,the anodic oxidation of NiII to NiIII and cathodic reduction of NiI to Ni0 occurred simultaneously,resulting in an economical and sustainable cross-coupling protocol.Moreover,weperformed mechanistic investigations,achieved by experiments and density functional theory(DFT)calculations for different C–heteroatom bond formations to reveal the catalytic cycle in more detail.展开更多
As a vital chemical,ammonia(NH3)plays an irreplaceable role in many fields such as chemical synthesis and energy storage.Green renewable biomass can be converted into biofuels,but its nitrogen resources are underused ...As a vital chemical,ammonia(NH3)plays an irreplaceable role in many fields such as chemical synthesis and energy storage.Green renewable biomass can be converted into biofuels,but its nitrogen resources are underused throughout.Laser-driven pyrolysis is envisaged to debuts as a bridge to connect them to realize the direct conversion from nitrogen-rich biomass into ammonia.The pulsed laser-induced local-transient thermal effect recognized the biological nitrogen resources conversion,such as cheap and plentiful yeasts,to small gaseous molecules and achieved spectacular ammonia production rate up to 260.4 mg/h,an order of magnitude higher performance than thermochemical ammonia synthesis.Simultaneously,the tiny hot point generated by a low-energy laser(20W)guarantees the whole ammonia synthesis reaction systemis in amild environment of low temperature and normal pressure.Additionally,the remaining solid residue after laser-driven pyrolysis also can be further exploited as a highly active catalyst for electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction(NIRR).展开更多
Metal halide perovskites have attracted much attention in biomedicine because of their excellent fluorescence energy conversion properties;however,poor water-stability and cytotoxicity limit its applications as a biom...Metal halide perovskites have attracted much attention in biomedicine because of their excellent fluorescence energy conversion properties;however,poor water-stability and cytotoxicity limit its applications as a biomedical tracer,especially in cellular imaging.Herein,water-ultrastable perovskites C sPbBr_(3):Cs_(4)PbBr_(6)nanocrystals(NCs)encapsulated in chitosan are fabricated successfully using a water-triggered method.The as-synthesized CsPbBr_(3):Cs_(4)PbBr_(6)@CS(chitosan,CS)nanoparticles in water display enhanced fluorescence emission for 35 days.Further,the viability of glioma cells(U87 cells)incubated with different concentrations of CsPbBr_(3):Cs_(4)PbBr_(6)@CS nanoparticles(0-20μg·ml^(-1))for24 h is found to be higher than 90%.In artificial body fluid,analyses using laser confocal microscopy,the standard Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8)method,and flow cytometry demonstrated the good water ultrastability and high biocompatibility performance of CsPbBr_(3):Cs_(4)PbBr_(6)@CS nanoparticles in cellular imaging.Overall,the water-ultrastable halide perovskites support promising perspectives in biological cell tracing and intelligent medical technology.展开更多
The development of general,straightforward,and practical methodologies to assemble complex structural skeletons under mild reaction conditions is a long-pursued goal in organic chemistry.Photocatalysis and electrocata...The development of general,straightforward,and practical methodologies to assemble complex structural skeletons under mild reaction conditions is a long-pursued goal in organic chemistry.Photocatalysis and electrocatalysis represent two of the most promising processes towards this objective,and in addition to their mild and scalable operating conditions.展开更多
Transition metal-catalyzed C-H functionalizations,which transform ubiquitous C-H bonds into diverse and valuable functionalities in a single step,have emerged as a direct and efficient methodology for constructing syn...Transition metal-catalyzed C-H functionalizations,which transform ubiquitous C-H bonds into diverse and valuable functionalities in a single step,have emerged as a direct and efficient methodology for constructing synthetically useful and multifunctional organic molecules[1].Despite the significant advantages,some drawbacks such as the requirement of a stoichiometric amount of chemical oxidant and the resulting low functional group tolerance,byproduct generation and separation issues remain to be solved(Fig.1a).Notably,the development of electrochemistry has introduced new dimensions to the field of organic synthesis[2].Employing electric energy as both an oxidant and a reductant in a single process,electrochemistry offers numerous advantages,including mild reaction conditions,a wide substrate scope,and enhanced sustainability.展开更多
Transition metal-based single-atom catalysts(TM-SACs)are promising alternatives to Au-and Ag-based electrocatalysts for CO production through CO_(2)reduction reaction.However,developing TM-SACs with high activity and ...Transition metal-based single-atom catalysts(TM-SACs)are promising alternatives to Au-and Ag-based electrocatalysts for CO production through CO_(2)reduction reaction.However,developing TM-SACs with high activity and selectivity at low overpotentials is challenging.Herein,a novel Fe-based SAC with Si doping(Fe-N-C-Si)was prepared,which shows a record-high electrocatalytic performance toward the CO_(2)-to-CO conversion with exceptional current density(>350.0 mA cm^(−2))and~100%Faradaic efficiency(FE)at the overpotential of<400 mV,far superior to the reported Fe-based SACs.Further assembling Fe-N-C-Si as the cathode in a rechargeable Zn-CO_(2)battery delivers an outstanding performance with a maximal power density of 2.44 mW cm^(−2)at an output voltage of 0.30 V,as well as high cycling stability and FE(>90%)for CO production.Experimental combined with theoretical analysis unraveled that the nearby Si dopants in the form of Si-C/N bonds modulate the electronic structure of the atomic Fe sites in Fe-N-C-Si to markedly accelerate the key pathway involving^(*)CO intermediate desorption,inhibiting the poisoning of the Fe sites under high CO coverage and thus boosting the CO_(2)RR performance.This work provides an efficient strategy to tune the adsorption/desorption behaviors of intermediates on singleatom sites to improve their electrocatalytic performance.展开更多
Single-atom site(SA)catalysts on N-doped carbon(CN)materials exhibit prominent performance for their active sites being M-Nx.Due to the commonly random doping behaviors of N species in these CN,it is a tough issue to ...Single-atom site(SA)catalysts on N-doped carbon(CN)materials exhibit prominent performance for their active sites being M-Nx.Due to the commonly random doping behaviors of N species in these CN,it is a tough issue to finely regulate their doping types and clarify their effect on the catalytic property of such catalysts.Herein,we report that the N-doping type in CN can be dominated as pyrrolic-N and pyridinic-N respectively through compounding with different metal oxides.It is found that the proportion of distinct doped N species in CN depends on the acidity and basicity of compounded metal oxide host.Owing to the coordination by pyrrolic-N,the SA Cu catalyst displays an enhanced activity(two-fold)for transfer hydrogenation of quinoline to access the valuable molecule tetrahydroquinoline with a good selectivity(99%)under mild conditions.The higher electron density of SA Cu species induced by the predominate pyrrolic-N coordination benefits the hydrogen transfer process and reduces the energy barrier of the hydrogenation pathway,which accounts for the improved catalytic effeciency.展开更多
Porous materials have attracted great attention in energy and environment applications,such as metal organic frameworks(MOFs),metal aerogels,carbon aerogels,porous metal oxides.These materials could be also hybridized...Porous materials have attracted great attention in energy and environment applications,such as metal organic frameworks(MOFs),metal aerogels,carbon aerogels,porous metal oxides.These materials could be also hybridized with other materials into functional composites with superior properties.The high specific area of porous materials offer them the advantage as hosts to conduct catalytic and electrochemical reactions.On one hand,catalytic reactions include photocatalytic,p ho toe lectrocatalytic and electrocatalytic reactions over some gases.On the other hand,they can be used as electrodes in various batteries,such as alkaline metal ion batteries and electrochemical capacitors.So far,both catalysis and batteries are extremely attractive topics.There are also many obstacles to overcome in the exploration of these porous materials.The research related to porous materials for energy and environment applications is at extremely active stage,and this has motivated us to contribute with a roadmap on ’porous materials for energy and environment applications’.展开更多
Precise construction of isolated reactive centers on semiconductors with well-controlled configurations affords a great opportunity to investigate the reaction mechanisms in the photocatalytic process and realize the ...Precise construction of isolated reactive centers on semiconductors with well-controlled configurations affords a great opportunity to investigate the reaction mechanisms in the photocatalytic process and realize the targeted conversion of solar energy to steer the charge kinetics for hydrogen evolution.In the current research,we decorated isolated Ni atoms on the surface of CdS nanowires for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production.X-ray absorption fine structure investigations clearly demonstrate the atomical dispersion of Ni sites on the surface of CdS nanowires.Experimental investigations reveal that the isolated Ni atoms not only perform well as the real reactive centers but also greatly accelerate the electron transfer via direct Ni-S coordination.Theoretical simulation further documents that the hydrogen adsorption process has also been enhanced over the semi-coordinated Ni centers through electronic coupling at the atomic scale.展开更多
In contrast to alkaline water electrolysis,acidic water electrolysis remains an elusive goal due to the lack of earth-abundant,efficient,and acid-stable water oxidation electrocatalysts.Here,we show that materials wit...In contrast to alkaline water electrolysis,acidic water electrolysis remains an elusive goal due to the lack of earth-abundant,efficient,and acid-stable water oxidation electrocatalysts.Here,we show that materials with intrinsically poor electrocatalytic activity can be turned into active electrocatalysts that drive the acidic oxygen evolution reaction(OER)effectively.This development is achieved through ultrafast plasma sputtering,which introduces abundant oxygen vacancies that reconstruct the surface electronic structures,and thus,regulated the surface interactions of electrocatalysts and the OER intermediates.Using tungsten oxide(WO_(3))as an example,we present a broad spectrum of theoretical and experimental characterizations that show an improved energetics of OER originating from surface oxygen vacancies and resulting in a significantly boosted OER performance,compared with pristine WO_(3).Our result suggests the efficacy of using defect chemistry to modify electronic properties and hence to improve the OER performance of known materials with poor activity,providing a new direction for the discovery of acid-stable OER catalysts.展开更多
Divergent synthesis of medium-sized rings with controllable ring sizes represents a longstanding challenge in organic synthesis.Herein,we developed a transition-metal-catalyzed switchable divergent cycloaddition of pa...Divergent synthesis of medium-sized rings with controllable ring sizes represents a longstanding challenge in organic synthesis.Herein,we developed a transition-metal-catalyzed switchable divergent cycloaddition of para-quinone methides and vinylethylene carbonates by controlling the steric hindrance of substituent.Different from reported alkoxide-triggered annulations,this process undergoes a regiodivergent allylation of para-quinone methides followed by 1,6-addition reaction,providing a new route to selectively synthesize seven-to ten-membered nitrogen-containing heterocycles in high yields with excellent regioselectivities.This protocol features a broad substrate scope,wide functional group tolerance as well as operational simplicity.The reaction mechanism was investigated by conducting a series of control experiments as well as DFT calculations and the origins of the regioselectivities of the cycloaddition process were rationalized.展开更多
Carbonaceous materials represent the dominant choice of materials for anodic lithium storage in many energy storage devices.Nevertheless,the nonpolar carbonaceous materials offer weak adsorption toward Li+that largely...Carbonaceous materials represent the dominant choice of materials for anodic lithium storage in many energy storage devices.Nevertheless,the nonpolar carbonaceous materials offer weak adsorption toward Li+that largely denies the high-rate Li+storage.Herein,the atomic Fe sites decorated carbon nanofibers(AICNFs)facilely produced by electrospinning are reported for kinetically accelerated Li+storage.Theoretical calculation reveals that the atomic Fe sites possess coordination unsaturated electronic configuration,enabling suitable bonding energy and facilitated diffusion path of Li+.As a result,the optimal structure displays a high capacitive contribution up to 95.9%at a scan rate of 2.0 mV·s^(−1).In addition,ultrahigh capacity retention of 97%is afforded after 5,000 cycles at a current density of 3 A·g^(−1).Moreover,the interlaced fiber structure enabled by electrospinning benefits structural stability and improved conductivity even at thick electrodes,thus allowing a high areal capacity of 1.76 mAh·cm−2 at a loading of 8 mg·cm−2.Because of these structure and performance merits,the lithium-ion capacitor containing the AICNF-based anode delivers a high energy density and large power density.展开更多
Herein we report the deoxygenated fluorination of readily available carboxylic acids.A series of acyl fluorides have been synthesized using shelf-stable N-trifluoromethylthiophthalimide as a fluorinated reagent for th...Herein we report the deoxygenated fluorination of readily available carboxylic acids.A series of acyl fluorides have been synthesized using shelf-stable N-trifluoromethylthiophthalimide as a fluorinated reagent for the first time.Scale-up reactions and sequential cross-couplings were performed successfully to demonstrate the practicability of this fluorination protocol.展开更多
CONSPECTUS:Conventionally,the virtue of porosity is only given to porous solids.Metal Organic Frameworks(MOFs),carbon materials,or zeolites are some examples.However,processing these solids is not a straightforward ta...CONSPECTUS:Conventionally,the virtue of porosity is only given to porous solids.Metal Organic Frameworks(MOFs),carbon materials,or zeolites are some examples.However,processing these solids is not a straightforward task.Here,we discuss how to endow porous solids(MOFs)with liquid phase processability.More specifically,we show that surface modification of MOF crystals can lead to the formation of porous liquids(PLs)that can be further processed in the liquid phase.For instance,when placed in mesitylene,ZIF-67 predictably sediments.In contrast,with the adequate surface modification,stable dispersion of ZIF-67 can be achieved.Our proposed surface modification is facile and rapid.N-Heterocyclic carbenes are chosen as modifying agents as they are similar to imidazole linkers present on ZIFs.A simple stirring of a MOF and carbene mixture results in a modified solid.The morphology and textural properties of the modified MOF do not change from the ones of its parent.Since the porosity in solution remains unoccupied,the obtained stable colloids behave as porous liquids.Research into porous liquids is an emerging field that has already shown great promise in gases storage.Our breakthrough experiments show that these particular PLs have large potential for the separation of CO_(2)/CH_(4)mixtures.展开更多
基金financial support from the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST).
文摘The increase in anthropogenic carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emissions has exacerbated the deterioration of the global environment,which should be controlled to achieve carbon neutrality.Central to the core goal of achieving carbon neutrality is the utilization of CO_(2) under economic and sustainable conditions.Recently,the strong need for carbon neutrality has led to a proliferation of studies on the direct conversion of CO_(2) into carboxylic acids,which can effectively alleviate CO_(2) emissions and create high-value chemicals.The purpose of this review is to present the application prospects of carboxylic acids and the basic principles of CO_(2) conversion into carboxylic acids through photo-,electric-,and thermal catalysis.Special attention is focused on the regulation strategy of the activity of abundant catalysts at the molecular level,inspiring the preparation of high-performance catalysts.In addition,theoretical calculations,advanced technologies,and numerous typical examples are introduced to elaborate on the corresponding process and influencing factors of catalytic activity.Finally,challenges and prospects are provided for the future development of this field.It is hoped that this review will contribute to a deeper understanding of the conversion of CO_(2) into carboxylic acids and inspire more innovative breakthroughs.
基金Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)Fonds de Recherche du Québec-Nature et Technologies (FRQNT)+3 种基金Centre Québécois sur les Materiaux Fonctionnels (CQMF)Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS)École de Technologie Supérieure (ÉTS)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)。
文摘Ammonia serves as a crucial chemical raw material and hydrogen energy carrier.Aqueous electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction(NRR),powered by renewable energy,has attracted tremendous interest during the past few years.Although some achievements have been revealed in aqueous NRR,significant challenges have also been identified.The activity and selectivity are fundamentally limited by nitrogen activation and competitive hydrogen evolution.This review focuses on the hurdles of nitrogen activation and delves into complementary strategies,including materials design and system optimization(reactor,electrolyte,and mediator).Then,it introduces advanced interdisciplinary technologies that have recently emerged for nitrogen activation using high-energy physics such as plasma and triboelectrification.With a better understanding of the corresponding reaction mechanisms in the coming years,these technologies have the potential to be extended in further applications.This review provides further insight into the reaction mechanisms of selectivity and stability of different reaction systems.We then recommend a rigorous and detailed protocol for investigating NRR performance and also highlight several potential research directions in this exciting field,coupling with advanced interdisciplinary applications,in situ/operando characterizations,and theoretical calculations.
基金support from the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST).T.Cordero-Lanzac and A.T.Aguayo acknowledge the financial support received from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation with some ERDF funds(CTQ2016-77812-R)the Basque Government(IT1218-19)+2 种基金T.Cordero-Lanzac also acknowledges the Spanish Ministry of Education,Culture and Sport for the award of his FPU grant(FPU15-01666)A.Navajas and L.M.Gandía gratefully acknowledge the financial support from Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia,Innovación y Universidades,and the European Regional Development Fund(ERDF/FEDER)(grant RTI2018-096294-B-C31)L.M.Gandía also thanks Banco de Santander and Universidad Pública de Navarra for their financial support under“Programa de Intensificación de la Investigación 2018”initiative.
文摘The success of catalytic schemes for the large-scale valorization of CO_(2) does not only depend on the development of active,selective and stable catalytic materials but also on the overall process design.Here we present a multidisciplinary study(from catalyst to plant and techno-economic/lifecycle analysis)for the production of green methanol from renewable H2 and CO_(2).We combine an in-depth kinetic analysis of one of the most promising recently reported methanol-synthesis catalysts(InCo)with a thorough process simulation and techno-economic assessment.We then perform a life cycle assessment of the simulated process to gauge the real environmental impact of green methanol production from CO_(2).Our results indicate that up to 1.75 ton of CO_(2) can be abated per ton of produced methanol only if renewable energy is used to run the process,while the sensitivity analysis suggest that either rock-bottom H2 prices(1.5$kg1)or severe CO_(2) taxation(300$per ton)are needed for a profitable methanol plant.Besides,we herein highlight and analyze some critical bottlenecks of the process.Especial attention has been paid to the contribution of H2 to the overall plant costs,CH4 trace formation,and purity and costs of raw gases.In addition to providing important information for policy makers and industrialists,directions for catalyst(and therefore process)improvements are outlined.
文摘We present a systematic computational study based on the density functional theory(DFT) aiming to high light the possible effects of one As doping atom on the structural, energetic, and electronic properties of different isomers of Ge_(n+1) clusters with n = 1–20 atoms. By considering a large number of structures for each cluster size, the lowest-energy isomers are determined. The lowest-energy isomers reveal three-dimensional structures starting from n = 5. Their relative stability versus atomic size is examined based on the calculated binding energy, fragmentation energy, and second-order difference of energy. Doping Ge_(n+1) clusters with one As atom does not improve their stability. The electronic properties as a function of the atomic size are also discussed from the calculated HOMO–LUMO energy gap, vertical ionization potential, vertical electron affinity, and chemical hardness. The obtained results are significantly affected by the inclusion of one As atom into a Gen cluster.
基金supported by the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)。
文摘Tuning the electronic structure of the electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is a promising way to achieve efficient alkaline water splitting for clean energy production(H2).At first,this paper introduces the significance of the tuning of electronic structure,where modifying the electronic structure of the electrocatalysts could generate active sites having optimal adsorption energy with OER intermediates,and that could diminish the energy barrier for OER,and that could improve the activity for OER.Later,this paper reviews the tuning of electronic structure along with catalytic performances,synthetic methodologies,chemical properties,and DFT calculations on various nanostructured earth-abundant electrocatalysts for OER in alkaline environment.Further,this review discusses the tuning of the electronic structure of the several nanostructured earth-abundant electrocatalysts including oxide,(oxy)hydroxide,layered double hydroxide,alloy,metal phosphide/phosphate,nitride,sulfide,selenide,carbon containing materials,MOF,core-shell/hetero/hollow structured materials,and materials with vacancies/defects for OER in alkaline environment(including activity:overpotential(η)of ≤200 mV at10 m A cm^(-2);stability:≥100 h;durability:≥5000 cycles).Then,this review discusses the robust stability of the electrocatalysts for OER towards practical application.Moreover,this review discusses the in situ formation of thin layer on the catalyst surface during OER.In addition,this review discusses the influence of the adsorption energy of the OER intermediates on OER performance of the catalysts.Finally,this review summarizes the various promising strategies for tuning the electronic structure of the electrocatalysts to achieve enhanced performance for OER in alkaline environment.
基金the KAUST Supercomputing Laboratory for providing computational resources of the supercomputer Shaheen II.This work was financially supported by the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Saudi Arabia,Office of Sponsored Research(URF/1/3754).
文摘We have achieved a nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction via concerted paired electrolysis under mild reaction conditions.In this electrochemical transformation,the anodic oxidation of NiII to NiIII and cathodic reduction of NiI to Ni0 occurred simultaneously,resulting in an economical and sustainable cross-coupling protocol.Moreover,weperformed mechanistic investigations,achieved by experiments and density functional theory(DFT)calculations for different C–heteroatom bond formations to reveal the catalytic cycle in more detail.
基金Taishan Scholar Project of Shandong Province,Grant/Award Number:tsqn201812083Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,Grant/Award Numbers:ZR2021JQ15,ZR2022YQ42,ZR2020QE057,2022GJJLJRC-01+1 种基金Innovative Team Project of Jinan,Grant/Award Number:2021GXRC019National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:51972147,52022037,52202366。
文摘As a vital chemical,ammonia(NH3)plays an irreplaceable role in many fields such as chemical synthesis and energy storage.Green renewable biomass can be converted into biofuels,but its nitrogen resources are underused throughout.Laser-driven pyrolysis is envisaged to debuts as a bridge to connect them to realize the direct conversion from nitrogen-rich biomass into ammonia.The pulsed laser-induced local-transient thermal effect recognized the biological nitrogen resources conversion,such as cheap and plentiful yeasts,to small gaseous molecules and achieved spectacular ammonia production rate up to 260.4 mg/h,an order of magnitude higher performance than thermochemical ammonia synthesis.Simultaneously,the tiny hot point generated by a low-energy laser(20W)guarantees the whole ammonia synthesis reaction systemis in amild environment of low temperature and normal pressure.Additionally,the remaining solid residue after laser-driven pyrolysis also can be further exploited as a highly active catalyst for electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction(NIRR).
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U2130128,11772207)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(Nos.A2019210204,H2022205047)+4 种基金the Central Government Guiding Local Science and Technology Development Project(No.216Z4302G)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Education Department(No.ZD2020192)the Youth Top-notch Talents Supporting Plan of Hebei ProvinceNational Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFC0904503)Hebei Administration for Market Supervision Science and Technology Project List(2023ZC03)。
文摘Metal halide perovskites have attracted much attention in biomedicine because of their excellent fluorescence energy conversion properties;however,poor water-stability and cytotoxicity limit its applications as a biomedical tracer,especially in cellular imaging.Herein,water-ultrastable perovskites C sPbBr_(3):Cs_(4)PbBr_(6)nanocrystals(NCs)encapsulated in chitosan are fabricated successfully using a water-triggered method.The as-synthesized CsPbBr_(3):Cs_(4)PbBr_(6)@CS(chitosan,CS)nanoparticles in water display enhanced fluorescence emission for 35 days.Further,the viability of glioma cells(U87 cells)incubated with different concentrations of CsPbBr_(3):Cs_(4)PbBr_(6)@CS nanoparticles(0-20μg·ml^(-1))for24 h is found to be higher than 90%.In artificial body fluid,analyses using laser confocal microscopy,the standard Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8)method,and flow cytometry demonstrated the good water ultrastability and high biocompatibility performance of CsPbBr_(3):Cs_(4)PbBr_(6)@CS nanoparticles in cellular imaging.Overall,the water-ultrastable halide perovskites support promising perspectives in biological cell tracing and intelligent medical technology.
基金supported by the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology,Saudi Arabia,Office of Sponsored Research(URF/1/4405)。
文摘The development of general,straightforward,and practical methodologies to assemble complex structural skeletons under mild reaction conditions is a long-pursued goal in organic chemistry.Photocatalysis and electrocatalysis represent two of the most promising processes towards this objective,and in addition to their mild and scalable operating conditions.
基金supported by the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST),Saudi Arabia,Office of Sponsored Research(URF/1/4405)。
文摘Transition metal-catalyzed C-H functionalizations,which transform ubiquitous C-H bonds into diverse and valuable functionalities in a single step,have emerged as a direct and efficient methodology for constructing synthetically useful and multifunctional organic molecules[1].Despite the significant advantages,some drawbacks such as the requirement of a stoichiometric amount of chemical oxidant and the resulting low functional group tolerance,byproduct generation and separation issues remain to be solved(Fig.1a).Notably,the development of electrochemistry has introduced new dimensions to the field of organic synthesis[2].Employing electric energy as both an oxidant and a reductant in a single process,electrochemistry offers numerous advantages,including mild reaction conditions,a wide substrate scope,and enhanced sustainability.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFA1500402)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(22105203 and 22175174)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2020J01116 and 2021J06033)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021TQ0332 and 2021M703215).
文摘Transition metal-based single-atom catalysts(TM-SACs)are promising alternatives to Au-and Ag-based electrocatalysts for CO production through CO_(2)reduction reaction.However,developing TM-SACs with high activity and selectivity at low overpotentials is challenging.Herein,a novel Fe-based SAC with Si doping(Fe-N-C-Si)was prepared,which shows a record-high electrocatalytic performance toward the CO_(2)-to-CO conversion with exceptional current density(>350.0 mA cm^(−2))and~100%Faradaic efficiency(FE)at the overpotential of<400 mV,far superior to the reported Fe-based SACs.Further assembling Fe-N-C-Si as the cathode in a rechargeable Zn-CO_(2)battery delivers an outstanding performance with a maximal power density of 2.44 mW cm^(−2)at an output voltage of 0.30 V,as well as high cycling stability and FE(>90%)for CO production.Experimental combined with theoretical analysis unraveled that the nearby Si dopants in the form of Si-C/N bonds modulate the electronic structure of the atomic Fe sites in Fe-N-C-Si to markedly accelerate the key pathway involving^(*)CO intermediate desorption,inhibiting the poisoning of the Fe sites under high CO coverage and thus boosting the CO_(2)RR performance.This work provides an efficient strategy to tune the adsorption/desorption behaviors of intermediates on singleatom sites to improve their electrocatalytic performance.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2018YFA0702003 and 2016YFA0202801)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21890383,21671117,21871159,and 21901135)+2 种基金the National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents,the Shuimu Tsinghua Scholar,Science and Technology Key Project of Guangdong Province of China(No.2020B010188002)Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission(No.Z191100007219003)We thank the BL14W1 station in Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)and 1W1B station for XAFS measurement in Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility(BSRF).
文摘Single-atom site(SA)catalysts on N-doped carbon(CN)materials exhibit prominent performance for their active sites being M-Nx.Due to the commonly random doping behaviors of N species in these CN,it is a tough issue to finely regulate their doping types and clarify their effect on the catalytic property of such catalysts.Herein,we report that the N-doping type in CN can be dominated as pyrrolic-N and pyridinic-N respectively through compounding with different metal oxides.It is found that the proportion of distinct doped N species in CN depends on the acidity and basicity of compounded metal oxide host.Owing to the coordination by pyrrolic-N,the SA Cu catalyst displays an enhanced activity(two-fold)for transfer hydrogenation of quinoline to access the valuable molecule tetrahydroquinoline with a good selectivity(99%)under mild conditions.The higher electron density of SA Cu species induced by the predominate pyrrolic-N coordination benefits the hydrogen transfer process and reduces the energy barrier of the hydrogenation pathway,which accounts for the improved catalytic effeciency.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2014CB931702)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFB0401701)+5 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC 51572128 and 21403109)NSFC-RGC (5151101197)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20160827)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2016M590455)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (30915012205 and 30916015106)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)
基金financially support by an Australian Research Council (ARC) Discovery Project (No. DP200100965)a Griffith University Postdoctoral Fellowship
文摘Porous materials have attracted great attention in energy and environment applications,such as metal organic frameworks(MOFs),metal aerogels,carbon aerogels,porous metal oxides.These materials could be also hybridized with other materials into functional composites with superior properties.The high specific area of porous materials offer them the advantage as hosts to conduct catalytic and electrochemical reactions.On one hand,catalytic reactions include photocatalytic,p ho toe lectrocatalytic and electrocatalytic reactions over some gases.On the other hand,they can be used as electrodes in various batteries,such as alkaline metal ion batteries and electrochemical capacitors.So far,both catalysis and batteries are extremely attractive topics.There are also many obstacles to overcome in the exploration of these porous materials.The research related to porous materials for energy and environment applications is at extremely active stage,and this has motivated us to contribute with a roadmap on ’porous materials for energy and environment applications’.
基金This work received financial support from the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST),National Natural Science Foundation of China(22001156)the Youth Talent Promotion Project of the Science and Technology Association of the Universities of Shaanxi Province(20210602).
文摘Precise construction of isolated reactive centers on semiconductors with well-controlled configurations affords a great opportunity to investigate the reaction mechanisms in the photocatalytic process and realize the targeted conversion of solar energy to steer the charge kinetics for hydrogen evolution.In the current research,we decorated isolated Ni atoms on the surface of CdS nanowires for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production.X-ray absorption fine structure investigations clearly demonstrate the atomical dispersion of Ni sites on the surface of CdS nanowires.Experimental investigations reveal that the isolated Ni atoms not only perform well as the real reactive centers but also greatly accelerate the electron transfer via direct Ni-S coordination.Theoretical simulation further documents that the hydrogen adsorption process has also been enhanced over the semi-coordinated Ni centers through electronic coupling at the atomic scale.
基金supported by the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)。
文摘In contrast to alkaline water electrolysis,acidic water electrolysis remains an elusive goal due to the lack of earth-abundant,efficient,and acid-stable water oxidation electrocatalysts.Here,we show that materials with intrinsically poor electrocatalytic activity can be turned into active electrocatalysts that drive the acidic oxygen evolution reaction(OER)effectively.This development is achieved through ultrafast plasma sputtering,which introduces abundant oxygen vacancies that reconstruct the surface electronic structures,and thus,regulated the surface interactions of electrocatalysts and the OER intermediates.Using tungsten oxide(WO_(3))as an example,we present a broad spectrum of theoretical and experimental characterizations that show an improved energetics of OER originating from surface oxygen vacancies and resulting in a significantly boosted OER performance,compared with pristine WO_(3).Our result suggests the efficacy of using defect chemistry to modify electronic properties and hence to improve the OER performance of known materials with poor activity,providing a new direction for the discovery of acid-stable OER catalysts.
基金supportedbythe National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82173664,81803342)“Shuang Chuang”Research Team of jiangsu Province(No.20182036).
文摘Divergent synthesis of medium-sized rings with controllable ring sizes represents a longstanding challenge in organic synthesis.Herein,we developed a transition-metal-catalyzed switchable divergent cycloaddition of para-quinone methides and vinylethylene carbonates by controlling the steric hindrance of substituent.Different from reported alkoxide-triggered annulations,this process undergoes a regiodivergent allylation of para-quinone methides followed by 1,6-addition reaction,providing a new route to selectively synthesize seven-to ten-membered nitrogen-containing heterocycles in high yields with excellent regioselectivities.This protocol features a broad substrate scope,wide functional group tolerance as well as operational simplicity.The reaction mechanism was investigated by conducting a series of control experiments as well as DFT calculations and the origins of the regioselectivities of the cycloaddition process were rationalized.
基金The authors acknowledge the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21975258,22179145,and 22138013)the startup support grant from China University of Petroleum(East China)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.ZR2020ZD08).
文摘Carbonaceous materials represent the dominant choice of materials for anodic lithium storage in many energy storage devices.Nevertheless,the nonpolar carbonaceous materials offer weak adsorption toward Li+that largely denies the high-rate Li+storage.Herein,the atomic Fe sites decorated carbon nanofibers(AICNFs)facilely produced by electrospinning are reported for kinetically accelerated Li+storage.Theoretical calculation reveals that the atomic Fe sites possess coordination unsaturated electronic configuration,enabling suitable bonding energy and facilitated diffusion path of Li+.As a result,the optimal structure displays a high capacitive contribution up to 95.9%at a scan rate of 2.0 mV·s^(−1).In addition,ultrahigh capacity retention of 97%is afforded after 5,000 cycles at a current density of 3 A·g^(−1).Moreover,the interlaced fiber structure enabled by electrospinning benefits structural stability and improved conductivity even at thick electrodes,thus allowing a high areal capacity of 1.76 mAh·cm−2 at a loading of 8 mg·cm−2.Because of these structure and performance merits,the lithium-ion capacitor containing the AICNF-based anode delivers a high energy density and large power density.
基金financially supported by the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST),Saudi Arabia,Office of Sponsored Research(URF/1/4384).
文摘Herein we report the deoxygenated fluorination of readily available carboxylic acids.A series of acyl fluorides have been synthesized using shelf-stable N-trifluoromethylthiophthalimide as a fluorinated reagent for the first time.Scale-up reactions and sequential cross-couplings were performed successfully to demonstrate the practicability of this fluorination protocol.
文摘CONSPECTUS:Conventionally,the virtue of porosity is only given to porous solids.Metal Organic Frameworks(MOFs),carbon materials,or zeolites are some examples.However,processing these solids is not a straightforward task.Here,we discuss how to endow porous solids(MOFs)with liquid phase processability.More specifically,we show that surface modification of MOF crystals can lead to the formation of porous liquids(PLs)that can be further processed in the liquid phase.For instance,when placed in mesitylene,ZIF-67 predictably sediments.In contrast,with the adequate surface modification,stable dispersion of ZIF-67 can be achieved.Our proposed surface modification is facile and rapid.N-Heterocyclic carbenes are chosen as modifying agents as they are similar to imidazole linkers present on ZIFs.A simple stirring of a MOF and carbene mixture results in a modified solid.The morphology and textural properties of the modified MOF do not change from the ones of its parent.Since the porosity in solution remains unoccupied,the obtained stable colloids behave as porous liquids.Research into porous liquids is an emerging field that has already shown great promise in gases storage.Our breakthrough experiments show that these particular PLs have large potential for the separation of CO_(2)/CH_(4)mixtures.