Optimal Bidding Strategies of Microgrid with Demand Side Management for Economic Emission Dispatch Incorporating Uncertainty and Outage of Renewable Energy Sources

In the restructured electricity market,microgrid(MG),with the incorporation of smart grid technologies,distributed energy resources(DERs),a pumped-storage-hydraulic(PSH)unit,and a demand response program(DRP),is a smarter and more reliable electricity provider.DER consists of gas turbines and renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic systems and wind turbines.Better bidding strategies,prepared by MG operators,decrease the electricity cost and emissions from upstream grid and conventional and renewable energy sources(RES).But it is inefficient due to the very high sporadic characteristics of RES and the very high outage rate.To solve these issues,this study suggests non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm Ⅱ(NSGA-Ⅱ)for an optimal bidding strategy considering pumped hydroelectric energy storage and DRP based on outage conditions and uncertainties of renewable energy sources.The uncertainty related to solar and wind units is modeled using lognormal and Weibull probability distributions.TOU-based DRP is used,especially considering the time of outages along with the time of peak loads and prices,to enhance the reliability of MG and reduce costs and emissions.

Path planning in uncertain environment by using firefly algorithm

Autonomous mobile robot navigation is one of the most emerging areas of research by using swarm intelligence. Path planning and obstacle avoidance are most researched current topics like navigational challenges for mobile robot. The paper presents application and implementation of Firefly Algorithm(FA)for Mobile Robot Navigation(MRN) in uncertain environment. The uncertainty is defined over the changing environmental condition from static to dynamic. The attraction of one firefly towards the other firefly due to variation of their brightness is the key concept of the proposed study. The proposed controller efficiently explores the environment and improves the global search in less number of iterations and hence it can be easily implemented for real time obstacle avoidance especially for dynamic environment. It solves the challenges of navigation, minimizes the computational calculations, and avoids random moving of fireflies. The performance of proposed controller is better in terms of path optimality when compared to other intelligent navigational approaches.

石墨片对环氧树脂的热学、力学和电学性能影响(英文)

采用溶液技术制备出膨胀石墨增强环氧树脂复合材料。对石墨进行化学改性以提高与环氧树脂的相容性。采用XRD、FE-SEM和HR-TEM对环氧树脂/膨胀石墨复合材料进行表征。与环氧树脂相比,添加质量分数9%膨胀石墨后,该复合材料的热分解温度从340℃升高至480℃,抗张应力提高30%,导电率由10-15增加至10-5数量级。热学、力学和电学性能的显著提高,主要归因于膨胀石墨纳米片在环氧树脂基体中的良好分散性,从而可用于广泛的应用领域。

1,3-Bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea enhances the inhibitory effect of Resveratrol on 5-fluorouracil sensitive/resistant colon cancer cells

AIM:To study the mechanism of 5-fluorouracil(5-FU)resistance in colon cancer cells and to develop strategies for overcoming such resistance by combination treatment.METHODS:We established and characterized a 5-FU resistance(5-FU-R)cell line derived from continuous exposure(25μmol/L)to 5-FU for 20 wk in 5-FU sensitive HCT-116 cells.The proliferation and expression of different representative apoptosis and anti-apoptosis markers in 5-FU sensitive and 5-FU resistance cells were measured by the MTT assay and by Western blotting,respectively,after treatment with Resveratrol(Res)and/or 1,3-Bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea(BCNU).Apoptosis and cell cycle arrest was measured by 4',6'-diamidino-2-phenylindole hydrochloride staining and fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis,respectively.The extent of DNA damage was measured by the Comet assay.We measured the visible changes in the DNA damage/repair cascade by Western blotting.RESULTS:The widely used chemotherapeutic agents BCNU and Res decreased the growth of 5-FU sensitive HCT-116 cells in a dose dependent manner.Combined application of BCNU and Res caused more apoptosis in5-FU sensitive cells in comparison to individual treatment.In addition,the combined application of BCNU and Res caused a significant decrease of major DNA base excision repair components in 5-FU sensitive cells.We established a 5-FU resistance cell line(5-FU-R)from 5-FU-sensitive HCT-116(mismatch repair deficient)cells that was not resistant to other chemotherapeutic agents(e.g.,BCNU,Res)except 5-FU.The 5-FU resistance of 5-FU-R cells was assessed by exposure to increasing concentrations of 5-FU followed by the MTT assay.There was no significant cell death noted in5-FU-R cells in comparison to 5-FU sensitive cells after5-FU treatment.This resistant cell line overexpressed anti-apoptotic[e.g.,AKT,nuclear factorκB,FLICE-like inhibitory protein),DNA repair(e.g.,DNA polymerase beta(POL-β),DNA polymerase eta(POLH),protein Flap endonuclease 1(FEN1),DNA damage-binding protein 2(DDB2)]and 5-FU-resistance proteins(thymidylate synthase)but under expressed pro-apoptotic proteins(e.g.,DAB2,CK1)in comparison to the parental cells.Increased genotoxicity and apoptosis were observed in resistant cells after combined application of BCNU and Res in comparison to untreated or parental cells.BCNU increased the sensitivity to Res of 5-FU resistant cells compared with parental cells.Fifty percent cell death were noted in parental cells when 18μmol/L of Res was associated with fixed concentration(20μmol/L)of BCNU,but a much lower concentration of Res(8μmol/L)was needed to achieve the same effect in 5-FU resistant cells.Interestingly,increased levels of adenomatous polyposis coli and decreased levels POL-β,POLH,FEN1 and DDB2 were noted after the same combined treatment in resistant cells.CONCLUSION:BCNU combined with Res exerts a synergistic effect that may prove useful for the treatment of colon cancer and to overcome drug resistance.

四乙基溴化铵硫酸盐水溶液中钴的电沉积（英文）

在硫酸盐水溶液中制备钴金属,研究四乙基溴化铵作为添加剂对其结构和形貌特征的影响。根据四乙基溴化铵的浓度变化（范围为1~50 mg/L）来评价其对电沉积金属钴的电流效率、能量消耗和电沉积质量的影响。当四乙基溴化铵的浓度为10 mg/L,且电流效率为99.6%、能量消耗为2.38 k W·h/kg时,可以得到平整且光亮的钴沉淀。X射线衍射分析表明,在钴电沉淀过程中,（100）面是晶体生长的择优生长面。扫描电镜结果表明,当四乙基溴化铵的浓度为10 mg/L时,可获得平整均匀的钴沉淀,而浓度超过10 mg/L时,沉淀质量恶化。循环伏安法研究表明,在电解槽中加入四乙基溴化铵时,阴极产生极化且阴极电流大大降低。XPS结果证实电沉积可获得高纯钴,且FTIR谱证明沉淀中没有与四乙基溴化铵结合的成分。

新的聚苯乙烯负载锌化合物:高效苯酚氧化催化剂(英文)

The novel recyclable free –ONNO– tetradentate Schiff base ligand N,N′‐bis(2‐hydroxy‐3‐ methox‐ybenzaldehyde)4‐methylbenzene‐1,2‐diamine (3‐MOBdMBn) was synthesized. Complexation of this ligand with zinc(3‐MOBdMBn‐Zn) was performed, and the catalytic activity of the complex was evaluated. The polymer‐supported analog of this complex(P‐3‐MOBdMBn‐Zn) was synthesized, and its catalytic activity was studied. These free and polymer‐anchored zinc complexes were prepared by the reactions of metal solutions with one molar equivalent of unsupported 3‐MOBdMBn or P‐3‐MOBdMBn in methanol under nitrogen. The catalytic activity of 3‐MOBdMBn‐Zn and P‐3‐MOBdMBn‐Zn was evaluated in phenol oxidation. The activity of P‐3‐MOBdMBn‐Zn was signif‐icantly affected by the polymer support, and the rate of phenol conversion was around 50% for polystyrene‐supported 3‐MOBdMBn. The experimental results indicated that the reaction rate was affected by the polymer support, and the rate of phenol conversion was 1.64 μmol/(L·s) in the presence of polystyrene‐supported 3‐MOBdMBn.

Diagnosis of neurocysticercosis among patients with seizures in northern coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh, India

Objective: To report cases of neurocysticercosis(NCC) from three neighboring districts of Andhra Pradesh state in India where NCC burden was never explored before.Methods: A total of 160 patients presenting with recent onset seizures were recruited from neurology, general medicine, and pediatric outpatient clinics of a local major tertiary care teaching hospital serving above districts during the period 2011–2014. Brain imaging was performed in all the above cases. A commercial immunoglobulin G-ELISA kit(sensitivity = 85%; specificity = 94%) was employed for the serological diagnosis of NCC.Results: The recruited patients presented with generalized, simple partial, and complex partial seizures(55%, 31.25% and 13.75% respectively). NCC was diagnosed in 44 of160(27.5%) seizure cases based on imaging characteristics, and a positive serum antibody ELISA. No association was detected between seropositivity with the number and location of the lesion(s) in the brain.Conclusions: The possible potentiality of NCC could be identified as an underlying cause of the recent onset of seizures in this region as explored in the present study. It is recommended that NCC should be suspected as one of the major differential in every recent onset seizure with or without a radio imaging supportive diagnosis, especially in areas endemic for taeniasis/cysticercosis.

Synthesis and Characterization of Chitosan-Polyvinyl Alcohol Blended with Cloisite 30B for Controlled Release of the Anticancer Drug Curcumin

In the present research program, polymer nanocomposites have been used as the drug carrier for delivery systems of anticancer drug. Chitosan (Cs) and Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) with different ratios were blended with different wt% of Cloisite 30B solution by solvent casting method. Glutaraldehyde with different wt% was added to the blended solution as a crosslinking agent. Cloisite 30B was incorporated in the formulation as a matrix material component which also plays the role of a co-emulsifier in the nanocomposite preparation. Curcumin with different concentrations were loaded with CS-PVA/ C 30B nanocomposites for studying the in-vitro drug delivery systems. Morphology and structure characterization of nanocomposites were investigated by fourier transmission infra red spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), tensile strength and water uptake capacity. The drug release was studied by changing time, pH and drug concentrations. The kinetics of the drug release was studied in order to ascertain the type of release mechanism. Based on the diffusion as well as the kinetics, the mechanism of the drug release from the composite matrix has been reported.

Nasopalatine Canal Revisited: An Insight to Anterior Maxillary Implants

Purpose: The study was performed to evaluate variability in nasopalatine canal using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in relation to age and gender. The study also provides an insight while considering anterior maxillary implants. Materials and Methods: The study included 200 subjects aged between 19 and 67 years who were divided into the following 3 groups: 1) 19 - 34 years old;2) 35 - 49 years old;3) >50 years old. The male and female subjects were 104 and 96 respectively. After obtaining a prior consent, CBCT was performed using a standard exposure and patient positioning protocol. The CBCT volume was sliced in three planes (X, Y, and Z) and was sequentially analyzed for the location, morphology and morphometric dimensions of the nasopalatine canal. The correlation of age and gender with all the variables were evaluated. Results: The present study revealed statistically significant differences in the length of the nasopalatine canal based on the age group. The slanted and the cylindrical variety of the nasopalatine canal were commonly observed in the study. However, no statistical differences were noted in the other variables such as number of openings at the nasal fossa, diameter of the incisive fossa, angulation of the canal as viewed in the sagittal sections and antero-posterior dimensions of the canal in the sagittal sections. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates the variability observed in the anatomy and morphology of the nasopalatine canal which is an important landmark for placing dental implants in the anterior maxillary region.

On a Difference Matrix and Its Properties

In the present paper, a new difference matrix via difference operator D is introduced. Let x = （xk） be a sequence of real numbers, then the difference operatorD is defined by D（x）n =∑kn=0（-1）k（n-kn）xk,where n = 0,1,2,3,.... Several interestingproperties of the new operator D are discussed.

Seasonal Variation of the Physicochemical Properties of Water Samples in Mahanadi Estuary, East Coast of India

The two major sources which are contributing to marine pollution are natural processes as well as anthropogenic activities. The natural process includes precipitation, erosion, weathering of crystal material whereas anthropogenic activities are urbanization, industrialization, mining and agricultural activities, etc. Mahanadi is the biggest river source of Odisha which joins the Bay of Bengal at Paradip. Paradip Township is an urbanized well-developed industrial township where various anthropogenic activities are contributing pollution to the water sources. In the present study, an attempt has been made to estimate and monitor the seasonal and spatial variation of physiochemical properties of the Mahanadi estuary, the East Coast coastal belt of India. The result revealed that there is a remarkable variation in the physiochemical parameters such as pH, salinity, TSS, DO, BOD, NO2N, NO3N, NH4N, TN, TP, SIO4 and Chl-a which are attributed to the runoff water getting discharged to the coastal water sources. It is being recommended to treat waste water and materials before discharging them to the marine water medium.

<i>In vitro</i>properties of chitosan nanoparticles induce apoptosis in human lymphoma SUDHL-4 cell line

In this study, the possible mechanisms were investigated with chitosan nanoparticles using sodium tripoly-phosphate and effects on human lymphoma SUDHL-4 in vitro. It was characterized by XRD, FTIR, TGA, particle Size, zeta potential, SEM & TEM. Different techniques such as cell proliferation, ultra structure changes, DNA fragmentation, phase distribution of cell cycle, MTT assay, MMP, agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA, flow cytometry and electron microscopy were used with treatment of different concentrations of CH-NPs (25, 50, 75, 100 μg/ml) at different time periods. Electron microscopy study revealed that the chitosan nanoparticles showed 78 nm particle size which is a high surface charge as 52 mV. Inhibition of chitosan nanoparticles after 48h treatment was marked in cell proliferation of SUDHL-4 with an IC50 value of 5 μg/ml. Electron microscopy showed typical necrotic cell morphology after treatment of chitosan nanoparticles. The DNA degradation related with necrosis was determined using agarose electrophoresis and loss of MMP & occurrence of apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. Chitosan nanoparticles with low molecular weight (LMW) were comparatively stable in medium containing aqueous and rate of dissolution was slow in acidic medium. Results of this present study clearly provided information that the chitosan nanoparticles effectively inhibit the proliferation of SUDHL-4 through multiple mechanisms in vitro and this novel formulation can open a new avenue against human Lymphoma.

Green Synthesis and Characterization of Gold Nanoparticles: Study of Its Biological Mechanism in Human SUDHL-4 Cell Line

In this investigation, the anticancer potentiality and biological mechanism of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was studied in SUDHL-4 cell line. Metallic AuNPs were prepared and stabilized with ethanol clove (Syzygium aromaticum) extract. The green synthesis of AuNPs was characterized and evaluated by UV-Visible Spectroscopic, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and biological activities using various biochemical assays. Green synthesis of AuNPs was confirmed by instrument method. The TEM images show polydis-perse, mostly spherical AuNPs particles of 12 - 20 nm. AuNPs were decreased the growth and viability of SU-DHL-4 cell line and increased the apoptosis. The treatments of SU-DHL-4 cells with AuNPs resulted in a moderate considerably increase in Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. We measured apoptosis by Annexin-V/propidium iodide (PI) in the existence and nonexistence of the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), the glutathione-depleting agent buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), or caspase inhibitors to determine the mechanism of cell death. AuNPs are unique potential anticancer agents that cause ROS-dependent apoptosis in SUDHL-4 cell line which was improved by depletion of glutathione (GHS) and inhibited by N-acetyl-L-cysteine on Z-VAD-FMK.

Addressing Economic Dispatch Problem with Multiple Fuels Using Oscillatory Particle Swarm Optimization

Economic dispatch has a significant effect on optimal economical operation in the power systems in industrial revolution 4.0 in terms of considerable savings in revenue.Various non-linearity are added to make the fossil fuel-based power systems more practical.In order to achieve an accurate economical schedule,valve point loading effect,ramp rate constraints,and prohibited operating zones are being considered for realistic scenarios.In this paper,an improved,and modified version of conventional particle swarm optimization(PSO),called Oscillatory PSO(OPSO),is devised to provide a cheaper schedule with optimum cost.The conventional PSO is improved by deriving a mechanism enabling the particle towards the trajectories of oscillatory motion to acquire the entire search space.A set of differential equations is implemented to expose the condition for trajectory motion in oscillation.Using adaptive inertia weights,this OPSO method provides an optimized cost of generation as compared to the conventional particle swarm optimization and other new meta-heuristic approaches.

Privacy Preserving Two-Party Hierarchical Clustering Over Vertically Partitioned Dataset

Data mining has been a popular research area for more than a decade. There are several problems associated with data mining. Among them clustering is one of the most interesting problems. However, this problem becomes more challenging when dataset is distributed between different parties and they do not want to share their data. So, in this paper we propose a privacy preserving two party hierarchical clustering algorithm vertically partitioned data set. Each site only learns the final cluster centers, but nothing about the individual’s data.

Fabrication and Characterization of Graphene Based Nanocomposite for Electrical Properties

In the present study, we have described the synthesis of acid functionalized graphene (GE) which was grafted to chitosan (CH) by first reacting the oxidized GE with thionyl chloride to form acyl-chlorinated GE. This product was subsequently dispersed in chitosan and covalently grafted to form GE-chitosan. GE-chitosan was further grafted onto poly(anthranilic acid) (PAA) by free radical polymerization conditions, to yield GE-g-chitosan-g-PAA for our investigations. The structure of GE-CH-PAA composites was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), cyclovoltammetrie (CV) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). XRD report suggested the strongly crystalline character of the specimen prepared. The performance of cycle voltammeter was attributed to the GE-CH-PAA, which provided a large number of active sites and good electrical conductivity. Experimental results suggested that nanocomposites could be combined together for industrial applications.

An Inventory Model for Deteriorating Items with Exponential Declining Demand and Time-Varying Holding Cost

In the present paper, a total optimal cost of an inventory model with exponential declining demand and constant deterioration is considered. The time-varying holding cost is a linear function of time. Shortages are not allowed. The items (like food grains, fashion apparels and electronic equipments) have fixed shelf-life which decreases with time during the end of the season. A numerical example is presented to demonstrate the model and the sensitivity analysis of various parameters is carried out.

Frequency and temperature dependent electrical characteristics of CaTiO_(3) nano-ceramic prepared by high-energy ball milling

Nanocrystalline calcium titanate(CT)ceramic has been synthesized by a combination of solid-state reaction and high-energy ball milling.This nano-ceramic is characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),dielectric study and impedance spectroscopy.The XRD pattern shows single phase ceramic of orthorhombic symmetry.The frequency-dependent dielectric study shows that the dielectric constant is maximized at low frequencies and decreases with an increase in frequency.Impedance spectroscopy analyses reveal a non-Debye type relaxation phenomenon.A significant shift in impedance loss peaks toward the higher-frequency side indicates conduction in the material favoring the long-range motion of mobile charge carriers.The grain conduction effect is observed from the complex impedance spectrum by the appearance of one semicircular arc in Nyquist plot.It is also observed that the resistance decreases with an increase in temperature showing a negative temperature coefficient of resistance(NTCR).Various thermistor parameters have been calculated by fitting with Steinhart-Hart equation.The modulus plots represent the presence of temperature-dependent electrical relaxation phenomenon with the material.The frequency-dependent AC conductivity at different temperatures indicates that the conduction process is thermally activated.The activation energy has been calculated from an Arrhenius plot of DC conductivity and relaxation frequency.

Liquid-liquid extraction and separation of total rare earth(RE) metals from polymetallic manganese nodule leaching solution

The study on the solvent extraction for quantitative and selective separation of total rare earth metals from the polymetallic nodule leach liquor was investigated. The typical leach liquor bearing 0. 094 g/L total rare earth, 0. 23 g/L Mn, 0.697 g/L Cu, 0.2 g/L Fe, 0.01 g/L Co and 0.735 g/L Ni was subjected to the removal iron content by precipitation method using Ca（OH）2 at pH 3.95, prior to solvent extraction of rare earth metals. Three different organo-phosphoric acid reagents（D2EHPA, PC88 A, Cyanex 272） were used to ascertain their performances and selectivity towards the loading of rare earth metals in presence of other base metals. Based on the results of eq. pH effect, the performances of above three extractants followed the order as： D2EHPA〉PC88A〉Cyanex 272. To ensure the absence of extraction of base metals（Cu, Co, Ni）, the eq. pH of the solution was optimized at the level of 2.21, though higher rare earth metal extraction efficiency was observed at higher eq. pH with either of the extractants. The complete process flow diagram for substantial recovery of total rare earth was developed using D2 EHPA. Extraction isotherm plot was constructed at A：O=12：1, 3-stages and pHe=2.21, using 0.8 mol/L D2 EHPA and the predicted condition of this study was further confirmed by 6-Cycles Counter Current Simulation（CCS） study. The stripping of total rare earth from loaded organic phase（LO） was conducted using HCl solution. Mc-Cabe Thiele diagram study carried out at A：O=1：5 using 4 mol/L HCl showed that three theoretical stages were needed for quantitative stripping of total rare earth. The subsequent stripped solution resulted thus led to contain total rare earth of 5.6 g/L indicating a very high enrichment of total metals by solvent extraction（SX） process.

Fault analysis method of integrated high voltage direct current transmission lines for onshore wind farm

Voltage source converter(VSC) based high voltage direct current(HVDC) transmission is most suited for the wind farm as it allows flexibility for reactive power control in multi-terminal transmission lines and transmits low power over smaller distance. In this work, a new method has been proposed to detect the fault, identify the section of faults and classify the pole of the fault in DC transmission lines fed from onshore wind farm. In the proposed scheme, voltage signal from rectifier end terminal is extracted with sampling frequency of 1 k Hz given as the input to the detection, classification and section discrimi-nation module. In this work, severe AC faults are also considered for section discrimination. Proposed method uses fuzzy inference system(FIS) to carry out all relaying task. The reach setting of the relay is 99.9% of the transmission line. Besides, the protection covers and discriminates the grounding fault with fault resistance up to 300 Ω.Considering the results of the proposed method, it can beused effectively in real power network.