Nowadays, liver metastasis remains difficult to cure. When tumor cells escape and arrive in the liver sinusoids, they encounter the local defense mechanism specific to the liver. The sinusoidal cells have been widely ...Nowadays, liver metastasis remains difficult to cure. When tumor cells escape and arrive in the liver sinusoids, they encounter the local defense mechanism specific to the liver. The sinusoidal cells have been widely described in physiologic conditions and in relation to metastasis during the past 30 years. This paper provides an 'overview' of how these cells function in health and in diseases such as liver metastasis.展开更多
BACKGROUND Sustained injury,through radiotherapy,burns or surgical trauma,can result in fibrosis,displaying an excessive deposition of extracellular matrix(ECM),persisting inflammatory reaction,and reduced vasculariza...BACKGROUND Sustained injury,through radiotherapy,burns or surgical trauma,can result in fibrosis,displaying an excessive deposition of extracellular matrix(ECM),persisting inflammatory reaction,and reduced vascularization.The increasing recognition of fibrosis as a cause for disease and mortality,and increasing use of radiotherapy causing fibrosis,stresses the importance of a decent anti-fibrotic treatment.AIM To obtain an in-depth understanding of the complex mechanisms underlying fibrosis,and more specifically,the potential mechanisms-of-action of adiposederived stomal cells(ADSCs)in realizing their anti-fibrotic effect.METHODS A systematic review of the literature using PubMed,Embase and Web of Science was performed by two independent reviewers.RESULTS The injection of fat grafts into fibrotic tissue,releases ADSC into the environment.ADSCs’capacity to directly differentiate into key cell types(e.g.,ECs,fibroblasts),as well as to secrete multiple paracrine factors(e.g.,hepatocyte growth factor,basis fibroblast growth factor,IL-10),allows them to alter different mechanisms underlying fibrosis in a combined approach.ADSCs favor ECM degradation by impacting the fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation,favoring matrix metalloproteinases over tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases,positively influencing collagen organization,and inhibiting the pro-fibrotic effects of transforming growth factor-β1.Furthermore,they impact elements of both the innate and adaptive immune response system,and stimulate angiogenesis on the site of injury(through secretion of pro-angiogenic cytokines like stromal cell-derived factor-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor).CONCLUSION This review shows that understanding the complex interactions of ECM accumulation,immune response and vascularization,is vital to fibrosis treatments’effectiveness like fat grafting.It details how ADSCs intelligently steer this complex system in an anti-fibrotic or pro-angiogenic direction,without falling into extreme dilation or stimulation of a single aspect.Detailing this combined approach,has brought fat grafting one step closer to unlocking its full potential as a non-anecdotal treatment for fibrosis.展开更多
新加坡以“花园城市”(Garden City)著称。自2012新加坡绿色计划(Singapore Green Plan 2012)提出至今,作为“花园城市”的升级版,“花园中的城市”(City In A Garden)已逐步成为指导新加坡城市发展的长期战略。其中,建筑物的立体绿化...新加坡以“花园城市”(Garden City)著称。自2012新加坡绿色计划(Singapore Green Plan 2012)提出至今,作为“花园城市”的升级版,“花园中的城市”(City In A Garden)已逐步成为指导新加坡城市发展的长期战略。其中,建筑物的立体绿化是实现这一目标的重要途径,也使得立体绿化元素在新加坡各类型建筑中被普遍采用。现有研究主要关注新加坡建筑立体绿化的建筑形态与热工性能等,较为忽视其社会功能性。本研究基于对六项涵盖医疗、居住、体育和教育等功能的典型建筑案例的实地调研,结合文献综述,提出了新加坡立体绿化空间在社会交往及公共可达性、区域经济效益和都市农业三个方面的社会功能性定性理解框架。该框架可为进一步的定量研究奠定了基础。同时相关案例也可为我国建筑业的立体绿化发展提供借鉴。展开更多
The global trend towards urbanisation explains the growing interest in the study of the modification of the urban climate due to the heat island effect and global warming, and its impact on enersy use of buildings. Al...The global trend towards urbanisation explains the growing interest in the study of the modification of the urban climate due to the heat island effect and global warming, and its impact on enersy use of buildings. Also urban comfort, health and durability, referring respectively to pedestrian wind/ thermal comfort, pollutant dispersion and wind-driven rain are of interest. Urban Physics is a well- established discipline, incorporating relevant branches of physics, environmental chemistry, aerodynamics, meteorolosy and statistics. Therefore, Urban Physics is well positioned to provide keycontributions to the current urban problems and challenges. The present paper addresses the role of Urban Physics in the study of wind comfort, thermal comfort, energy demand, pollutant dispersion and wind-driven rain. Furthermore, the three major research methods applied in Urban Physics, namely field experiments, wind tunnel experiments and numerical simulations are discussed. Case studies illustrate the current challenges and the relevant contributions of Urban Physics.展开更多
While the COVID-19 pandemic has hit the world with a huge impact on the economic,social,and cultural life of almost everyone,it affects certain groups more than others.This Focus looks at the situations of three vulne...While the COVID-19 pandemic has hit the world with a huge impact on the economic,social,and cultural life of almost everyone,it affects certain groups more than others.This Focus looks at the situations of three vulnerable groups in the pandemic:victims of domestic violence,persons with disabilities,and workers in the informal economy.There are six articles examining some specific issues concerning these groups and discussing how law should deal with them.展开更多
Previous evidence demonstrates that a public health crisis triggers and intensifies domestic violence,especially against women.The pandemic of COVID-19 supported this observation,as the world witnessed an increase in ...Previous evidence demonstrates that a public health crisis triggers and intensifies domestic violence,especially against women.The pandemic of COVID-19 supported this observation,as the world witnessed an increase in domestic violence.China has witnessed a similar trend.While the Chinese government is applying a stringent model of virus control measures over COVID-19 when compared to certain other countries,many questions remain:How is this impacting the situation of domestic violence in China?What has China done to combat domestic violence during COVID-19?What can we learn from the Chinese experience?This article intends to answer these questions by reviewing reports and media coverage and conducting interviews with stakeholders.First,it examines causes of domestic violence during COVID-19.Second,it analyses the types and features of domestic violence during COVID-19.Third,the article intends to discover the current difficulties in combatting domestic violence.Fourth,it presents good practices for specific local areas.Last,it concludes with recommendations for tackling domestic violence during public health crises,such as the COVID-19 pandemic,by understanding the Chinese experience.展开更多
基金Supported by the Fund for Scientific Research-Flanders, No. 1.5.001.04N[F.B.]
文摘Nowadays, liver metastasis remains difficult to cure. When tumor cells escape and arrive in the liver sinusoids, they encounter the local defense mechanism specific to the liver. The sinusoidal cells have been widely described in physiologic conditions and in relation to metastasis during the past 30 years. This paper provides an 'overview' of how these cells function in health and in diseases such as liver metastasis.
文摘BACKGROUND Sustained injury,through radiotherapy,burns or surgical trauma,can result in fibrosis,displaying an excessive deposition of extracellular matrix(ECM),persisting inflammatory reaction,and reduced vascularization.The increasing recognition of fibrosis as a cause for disease and mortality,and increasing use of radiotherapy causing fibrosis,stresses the importance of a decent anti-fibrotic treatment.AIM To obtain an in-depth understanding of the complex mechanisms underlying fibrosis,and more specifically,the potential mechanisms-of-action of adiposederived stomal cells(ADSCs)in realizing their anti-fibrotic effect.METHODS A systematic review of the literature using PubMed,Embase and Web of Science was performed by two independent reviewers.RESULTS The injection of fat grafts into fibrotic tissue,releases ADSC into the environment.ADSCs’capacity to directly differentiate into key cell types(e.g.,ECs,fibroblasts),as well as to secrete multiple paracrine factors(e.g.,hepatocyte growth factor,basis fibroblast growth factor,IL-10),allows them to alter different mechanisms underlying fibrosis in a combined approach.ADSCs favor ECM degradation by impacting the fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation,favoring matrix metalloproteinases over tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases,positively influencing collagen organization,and inhibiting the pro-fibrotic effects of transforming growth factor-β1.Furthermore,they impact elements of both the innate and adaptive immune response system,and stimulate angiogenesis on the site of injury(through secretion of pro-angiogenic cytokines like stromal cell-derived factor-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor).CONCLUSION This review shows that understanding the complex interactions of ECM accumulation,immune response and vascularization,is vital to fibrosis treatments’effectiveness like fat grafting.It details how ADSCs intelligently steer this complex system in an anti-fibrotic or pro-angiogenic direction,without falling into extreme dilation or stimulation of a single aspect.Detailing this combined approach,has brought fat grafting one step closer to unlocking its full potential as a non-anecdotal treatment for fibrosis.
文摘新加坡以“花园城市”(Garden City)著称。自2012新加坡绿色计划(Singapore Green Plan 2012)提出至今,作为“花园城市”的升级版,“花园中的城市”(City In A Garden)已逐步成为指导新加坡城市发展的长期战略。其中,建筑物的立体绿化是实现这一目标的重要途径,也使得立体绿化元素在新加坡各类型建筑中被普遍采用。现有研究主要关注新加坡建筑立体绿化的建筑形态与热工性能等,较为忽视其社会功能性。本研究基于对六项涵盖医疗、居住、体育和教育等功能的典型建筑案例的实地调研,结合文献综述,提出了新加坡立体绿化空间在社会交往及公共可达性、区域经济效益和都市农业三个方面的社会功能性定性理解框架。该框架可为进一步的定量研究奠定了基础。同时相关案例也可为我国建筑业的立体绿化发展提供借鉴。
文摘The global trend towards urbanisation explains the growing interest in the study of the modification of the urban climate due to the heat island effect and global warming, and its impact on enersy use of buildings. Also urban comfort, health and durability, referring respectively to pedestrian wind/ thermal comfort, pollutant dispersion and wind-driven rain are of interest. Urban Physics is a well- established discipline, incorporating relevant branches of physics, environmental chemistry, aerodynamics, meteorolosy and statistics. Therefore, Urban Physics is well positioned to provide keycontributions to the current urban problems and challenges. The present paper addresses the role of Urban Physics in the study of wind comfort, thermal comfort, energy demand, pollutant dispersion and wind-driven rain. Furthermore, the three major research methods applied in Urban Physics, namely field experiments, wind tunnel experiments and numerical simulations are discussed. Case studies illustrate the current challenges and the relevant contributions of Urban Physics.
文摘While the COVID-19 pandemic has hit the world with a huge impact on the economic,social,and cultural life of almost everyone,it affects certain groups more than others.This Focus looks at the situations of three vulnerable groups in the pandemic:victims of domestic violence,persons with disabilities,and workers in the informal economy.There are six articles examining some specific issues concerning these groups and discussing how law should deal with them.
基金This research is supported by the Ministry of Education project for the National Base for Human Rights Education and Training(15JJD820025).
文摘Previous evidence demonstrates that a public health crisis triggers and intensifies domestic violence,especially against women.The pandemic of COVID-19 supported this observation,as the world witnessed an increase in domestic violence.China has witnessed a similar trend.While the Chinese government is applying a stringent model of virus control measures over COVID-19 when compared to certain other countries,many questions remain:How is this impacting the situation of domestic violence in China?What has China done to combat domestic violence during COVID-19?What can we learn from the Chinese experience?This article intends to answer these questions by reviewing reports and media coverage and conducting interviews with stakeholders.First,it examines causes of domestic violence during COVID-19.Second,it analyses the types and features of domestic violence during COVID-19.Third,the article intends to discover the current difficulties in combatting domestic violence.Fourth,it presents good practices for specific local areas.Last,it concludes with recommendations for tackling domestic violence during public health crises,such as the COVID-19 pandemic,by understanding the Chinese experience.
