Context: This paper examined the clustering of pregnancy wastage among HIV-infected pregnant women, particularly focusing on the outcomes of abortions and stillbirths, from a large sample of HIV-positive women to brid...Context: This paper examined the clustering of pregnancy wastage among HIV-infected pregnant women, particularly focusing on the outcomes of abortions and stillbirths, from a large sample of HIV-positive women to bridge the existing information gap. Methods: Data from a cross-sectional survey conducted among currently married HIV positive women aged 15-29 years in Bagalkot district, Karnataka, India were used. Further to assess the clustering of pregnancy wastage, the binomial distribution was used. Results: The study shows that 2% of the women account for 32% of the total pregnancy wastages and 7% of all the interviewed HIV positive women account for 62% of the total pregnancy wastages. The study further shows that a higher percent observed (29.6%) than expected (15.5%) who had experienced 2 pregnancy wastages suggesting 14.1% more women experienced 2 pregnancy wastages than expected. Again, a positive deviant of 19.2 among women with at least 3 pregnancy wastage also suggests a higher observed than expected pregnancy wastages, and suggests clustering of pregnancy wastages among HIV-positive women. After adjusting for the socio-economic characteristics, the variance of the observed and expected has reduced only marginally. Conclusions: Clustering of pregnancy wastages among HIV positive women suggests for an increased attention on reproductive health of this marginalized group. The findings will be useful for the interventions working with WLHA in India, particularly the knowledge of clustering would help policy makers and program implementers to focus on high risk women who are likely to experience multiple pregnancy losses.展开更多
The objective of the study is to understand the relationship between HIV status, fertility and utilisa-tion of maternal care services in India using the NFHS 2005-2006 data. The mean number of children ever born (a me...The objective of the study is to understand the relationship between HIV status, fertility and utilisa-tion of maternal care services in India using the NFHS 2005-2006 data. The mean number of children ever born (a measure of fertility) is substantially higher among HIV-negative women than among the HIV-positive women (2.8 and 2.1 respectively). Ten-year age specific fertility rates (ASFR) were calculated, there is no noticeable difference in pattern of ASFR between HIV-positive and HIV-negative category of women observed though the ASFRs were substantially lower among the HIV-positive women. The total fertility rate (TFR) among HIV-positive women (0.84) is substantially lower at one third of the TFR among HIV-negative women (2.78). The proportion of HIV-positive pregnant women utilising ANC services is 92 percent compared to 78 percent among HIV-negative women, who have alive birth during the 5-year preceding the survey. Similarly, the proportion of HIV-positive women (67%) delivering their babies in an institution is also much higher than among HIV-negative women (40%). This study concludes that the effort of the government to integrate ART services with maternity care services is likely to have benefited the HIV positive mothers.展开更多
文摘Context: This paper examined the clustering of pregnancy wastage among HIV-infected pregnant women, particularly focusing on the outcomes of abortions and stillbirths, from a large sample of HIV-positive women to bridge the existing information gap. Methods: Data from a cross-sectional survey conducted among currently married HIV positive women aged 15-29 years in Bagalkot district, Karnataka, India were used. Further to assess the clustering of pregnancy wastage, the binomial distribution was used. Results: The study shows that 2% of the women account for 32% of the total pregnancy wastages and 7% of all the interviewed HIV positive women account for 62% of the total pregnancy wastages. The study further shows that a higher percent observed (29.6%) than expected (15.5%) who had experienced 2 pregnancy wastages suggesting 14.1% more women experienced 2 pregnancy wastages than expected. Again, a positive deviant of 19.2 among women with at least 3 pregnancy wastage also suggests a higher observed than expected pregnancy wastages, and suggests clustering of pregnancy wastages among HIV-positive women. After adjusting for the socio-economic characteristics, the variance of the observed and expected has reduced only marginally. Conclusions: Clustering of pregnancy wastages among HIV positive women suggests for an increased attention on reproductive health of this marginalized group. The findings will be useful for the interventions working with WLHA in India, particularly the knowledge of clustering would help policy makers and program implementers to focus on high risk women who are likely to experience multiple pregnancy losses.
文摘The objective of the study is to understand the relationship between HIV status, fertility and utilisa-tion of maternal care services in India using the NFHS 2005-2006 data. The mean number of children ever born (a measure of fertility) is substantially higher among HIV-negative women than among the HIV-positive women (2.8 and 2.1 respectively). Ten-year age specific fertility rates (ASFR) were calculated, there is no noticeable difference in pattern of ASFR between HIV-positive and HIV-negative category of women observed though the ASFRs were substantially lower among the HIV-positive women. The total fertility rate (TFR) among HIV-positive women (0.84) is substantially lower at one third of the TFR among HIV-negative women (2.78). The proportion of HIV-positive pregnant women utilising ANC services is 92 percent compared to 78 percent among HIV-negative women, who have alive birth during the 5-year preceding the survey. Similarly, the proportion of HIV-positive women (67%) delivering their babies in an institution is also much higher than among HIV-negative women (40%). This study concludes that the effort of the government to integrate ART services with maternity care services is likely to have benefited the HIV positive mothers.
