地理信息及技术助力“千万工程”实践综述

空间地理信息、测绘地理信息技术助力“千万工程”的实施,在各级国土空间规划编制、全域土地综合整治、水利工程建设、生态修复与治理等工程建设中发挥了重要作用,也取得了许多成功的经验。希望加强研究,进一步融合,培育新质生产力,扩大普及面,使其更好地服务“三农”,服务于乡村振兴。

关于生态产品价值提升若干问题的研究

广义的生态产品可以定义成为某一个区域生态系统提供产品和服务的总称。生态产品价值是凝结在生态产品中各种要素价值的总和。生态产品价值实现为新质生产力发展壮大提供了广阔空间。提升生态产品价值需要做到综合设计,统筹落实;以人为本,共建共享;因地制宜科学推进。此外,进一步完善生态产品价值评价机制、建立并进一步完善生态产品利益保护与生态补偿机制、推进生态产品的多元产业化也至关重要。提升生态产品价值,助力乡村振兴,还需要建立健全生态利民惠民机制,强化生态产品经营与开发,依托生态产品畅通要素流通,促进城乡融合。

我国地理信息科技发展综述

近年来,我国地理信息科技有了长足发展。随着国家对地观测系统工程、国家空间基础设施工程的实施,我国卫星遥感技术迎来了快速上升期。导航定位方面,随着我国现代测绘基准体系的全面推行,已经基本实现了陆地国土高精度、三维(包括实景三维)、动态(包括实时更新)全覆盖的能力。地理信息系统技术水平达到了关键技术自主可控并具备一定国际竞争力。我国高度重视服务型地理信息技术的理论、实践及应用,这一领域的相关技术发展迅速。

关于全域土地综合整治的研究

“千万工程”的基础是全域土地综合整治。开展全域土地综合整治关键是坚持底线思维、坚持节约集约用地、质量和生态“三位一体”保护,且需要遵循继承、借鉴、创新的原则,制定切实可行的行动方案。同时,充分利用现代信息技术开展全域土地综合整治,更好地实践、发展新质生产力。

宁波庆安会馆在海丝文化建设中的活化利用

宁波庆安会馆具有传承宁波商帮文化和承载妈祖信俗文化两大独特价值,在当代海丝文化建设过程中,可以结合庆安会馆和宁波地区其他相关资源,通过开拓海丝文化交流合作平台、打造海丝文旅品牌、数字化赋能会馆形象三条活化利用的具体路径,让庆安会馆在海丝文化建设中发挥更大的作用。

抑郁症状对老年人健康预期寿命的影响

目的探讨抑郁症状对北京市城乡老年人群预期寿命(life expectancy,LE)、健康预期寿命(active life expectancy,ALE)的影响。方法 2009年采用老年抑郁量表对2 038例60岁以上老年人行抑郁症状和体能评估。根据能否独立完成日常生活活动评定健康与否。2011年对该样本进行随访。应用多状态寿命表IMaCH软件计算各年龄段正常组与有抑郁症状组的LE、ALE和ALE的百分比值。结果本次调查的2 038例中有抑郁症状者294例,检出率为14.4%。LE、ALE和ALE的百分比值随着年龄的增加呈下降趋势。在城区正常的老年人群中,女性的LE高于男性,但是女性的ALE和ALE占LE的百分比均低于男性;而在城区有抑郁症状的老年人群中,女性的LE、ALE和ALE占LE的百分比均低于男性。农村女性的LE和ALE高于男性,但是ALE占LE的百分比均低于男性。在城市和农村,正常老年人的LE、ALE和ALE占LE的百分比均高于有抑郁症状的老年人;在正常和有抑郁症状的男性老年人群中,城区老年人的LE、ALE和ALE占LE的百分比均高于农村老年人。结论抑郁症状对北京市老年人的LE、ALE和ALE占LE的百分比均有显著影响,特别是对农村老年人和女性老年人影响更显著。

论构建地理信息共享平台的计算思维

新型智慧城市地理信息底层建设,广泛应用BIM、VR、AR技术,以及数字航空摄影测量、高分辨率卫星遥感、无人机摄影测量系统等地面成果建立三维模型,但仍是感官成果,缺少计算思维。文章提出大数据环境下,应用地理信息成果建模所呈现的不仅是"看到",还需要具有计算思维,具有测绘语言,满足智能需求的"可计算"成果,乃至开发"计算思维",进而促进"计划科学发现的偶然性"。基于倾斜摄影实景三维技术和机载LIDAR技术构建地理信息公共服务平台的尝试,初步体现了"计算思维"理念。

An improved multi-objective optimization algorithm for solving flexible job shop scheduling problem with variable batches

In order to solve the flexible job shop scheduling problem with variable batches,we propose an improved multiobjective optimization algorithm,which combines the idea of inverse scheduling.First,a flexible job shop problem with the variable batches scheduling model is formulated.Second,we propose a batch optimization algorithm with inverse scheduling in which the batch size is adjusted by the dynamic feedback batch adjusting method.Moreover,in order to increase the diversity of the population,two methods are developed.One is the threshold to control the neighborhood updating,and the other is the dynamic clustering algorithm to update the population.Finally,a group of experiments are carried out.The results show that the improved multi-objective optimization algorithm can ensure the diversity of Pareto solutions effectively,and has effective performance in solving the flexible job shop scheduling problem with variable batches.

Evidence of Human Origins in the Himalayas

Human origins have always been a hot topic of research in academia,focusing on the controversy between“single African origin”and“multiregional evolution.”The evolution from ancient ape to modern humans was a complex process,which required the co-existence of diverse favorable factors.Based on a review of existing research findings,this paper argues that modern humans originated in the Himalayas and presents multi-dimensional evidence from the perspectives of geology,seismology,climatology,archaeology,biology,genetics,and others.The evolution from ape to man may have also existed in regions other than the Himalayas.However,such evolution falls under“invalid origin”due to the lack of essential conditions for evolution,and particularly,the evolutionary process was interrupted by the erosion of frequent Quaternary glaciations.The homo sapiens originating in the Himalayas gradually migrated and settled down across the world several times during the interglacial periods,creating local cultures and colorful civilizations in parallel.The findings of this paper provide new orientations and approaches for the studies of human origins and the development of civilizations.

Normalizing Book Citations in Google Scholar: A Hybrid Cited-side Citing-side Method

Purpose: To design and test a method for normalizing book citations in Google Scholar.Design/methodology/approach: A hybrid citing-side, cited-side normalization method was developed and this was tested on a sample of 285 research monographs. The results were analyzed and conclusions drawn.Findings: The method was technically feasible but required extensive manual intervention because of the poor quality of the Google Scholar data. Research limitations: The sample of books was limited and also all were from one discipline —business and management. Also, the method has only been tested on Google Scholar, it would be useful to test it on Web of Science or Scopus.Practical limitations: Google Scholar is a poor source of data although it does cover a much wider range citation sources that other databases. Originality/value: This is the first method that has been developed specifically for normalizing books which have so far not been able to be normalized.

Control Schemes to Reduce Risk of Extinction in the Lotka-Volterra Predator-Prey Model

The Lotka-Volterra predator-prey model is widely used in many disciplines such as ecology and economics. The model consists of a pair of first-order nonlinear differential equations. In this paper, we first analyze the dynamics, equilibria and steady state oscillation contours of the differential equations and study in particular a well-known problem of a high risk that the prey and/or predator may end up with extinction. We then introduce exogenous control to reduce the risk of extinction. We propose two control schemes. The first scheme, referred as convergence guaranteed scheme, achieves very fine granular control of the prey and predator populations, in terms of the final state and convergence dynamics, at the cost of sophisticated implementation. The second scheme, referred as on-off scheme, is very easy to implement and drive the populations to steady state oscillation that is far from the risk of extinction. Finally we investigate the robustness of these two schemes against parameter mismatch and observe that the on-off scheme is much more robust. Hence, we conclude that while the convergence guaranteed scheme achieves theoretically optimal performance, the on-off scheme is more attractive for practical applications.

Electron capture in collisions of Li3+ ions with ground and excited states of Li atoms

The electron capture processes in collisions of Li3+ion with Li(1s22s)and Li(1s22p0,1)are investigated by using the two-center atomic orbital close-coupling method in the energy range from 0.1 keV/u to 300 keV/u.The interaction of the active electrons with the target ion is represented by a model potential.The present results for the Li3+–Li(1s22s)system are compared with the available theoretical data and general agreement is obtained for the high collision energies.It is also found that the total and partial electron capture cross sections are sensitive to the initial charge cloud alignment in the low energy region.

On the E-Valuation of Certain E-Business Strategies on Firm Performance by Adaptive Algorithmic Modeling： An Alternative Strategic Managerial Approach

This paper describes an innovative adaptive algorithmic modeling approach, for solving a wide class of e-business and strategic management problems under uncertainty conditions. The proposed methodology is based on basic ideas and concepts of four key-field interrelated sciences, i.e., computing science, applied mathematics, management sciences and economic sciences. Furthermore, the fundamental scientific concepts of adaptability and uncertainty are shown to play a critical role of major importance for a （near） optimum solution of a class of complex e-business/services and strategic management problems. Two characteristic case studies, namely measuring e-business performance under certain environmental pressures and organizational constraints and describing the relationships between technology, innovation and firm performance, are considered as effective applications of the proposed adaptive algorithmic modeling approach. A theoretical time-dependent model for the evaluation of firm e-business performances is also proposed.

An Experimental Study of Microbial Fuel Cells for Electricity Generating: Performance Characterization and Capacity Improvement

This paper studies the electricity generating capacity of microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Unlike most of MFC research, which targets the long term goals of renewable energy production and wastewater treatment, this paper considers a niche application that may be used immediately in practice, namely powering sensors from soils or sediments. There are two major goals in this study. The first goal is to examine the performance characteristics of MFCs in this application. Specifically we investigate the relationship between the percentage of organic matter in a sample and the electrical capacity of MFCs fueled by that sample. We observe that higher percentage of organic matter in a sample results in higher electricity production of MFCs powered by that sample. We measure the thermal limits that dictate the temperature range in which MFCs can function, and confirm that the upper thermal limit is 40℃. The new observation is that the lower thermal limit is -5℃, which is lower than 0℃ reported in the literature. This difference is important for powering environmental sensors. We observe that the electricity production of MFCs decreases almost linearly over a period of 10 days. The second goal is to determine the conditions under which MFCs work most efficiently to generate electricity. We compare the capacity under a variety of conditions of sample types (benthic mud, top soil, and marsh samples), temperatures (0℃, 40℃, and room temperature), and sample sizes (measuring 3.5 cm × 3.5 cm × 4.6 cm, 10.2 cm × 10.2 cm × 13.4 cm, and 2.7 cm × 2.7 cm × 3.8 cm), and find that the electricity capacity is greatest at 0℃, powered by benthic mud sample with the largest chamber size. What seems surprising is that 0℃ outperforms both room temperature and benthic mud sample outperforms marsh sample, which appears to be richer in organic matter. In addition, we notice that although the largest chamber size produces the greatest capacity, it suffers from efficiency loss. The reasons of these observations will be explained in the paper. The study demonstrates that the electricity production of MFCs can be increased by selecting the right condition of sample type, temperature, and chamber size.

A Study of the Pit-Aided Construction of Egyptian Pyramids

Pyramids,symbols of the Ancient Egyptian civilization,are visited by tourists and studied by researchers from all around the world.However,the techniques used by Ancient Egyptians to construct the pyramid,specifically,how such a tall structure could have been constructed from huge blocks of stone with the limited productive forces at the time,remains a mystery to the world.Though numerous theories,such as the use of ramps,levers,pulleys,fluid buoyancy,and cast-in-place concrete,have been proposed in academia,no consensus has been reached to date.Based on mechanical principles and the productive forces available at the time,the famous Pyramid of Khufu is used as a case study in this paper to propose a theory of pit-aided construction.The main steps include the digging of the pit,the transportation of stone blocks into the pit,the layer-by-layer construction,and the layer-by-layer filling of soil until the top of the pyramid is completed.The main idea of the pit-aided construction was to use the self-weight of the stone material to achieve the transportation of stone blocks by converting potential energy to kinetic energy,thereby avoiding the large amounts of work that must be done to elevate the huge blocks of stone.The proposed theory of pit-aided construction is consistent with the cultural custom of burial that is associated with tomb construction,namely laying the deceased to rest through burial,and is also consistent with the productive forces available in Ancient Egypt at the time.

Importance measure-based maintenance strategy optimization:Fundamentals,applications and future directions in AI and IoT

Numerous maintenance strategies have been proposed in the literature related to reliability.This paper focuses on the utilization of reliability importance measures to optimize maintenance strategies.We analyze maintenance strategies based on importance measures and identify areas lacking sufficient research.The paper presents principles and formulas for advanced importance measures within the context of optimizing maintenance strategies.Additionally,it classifies methods of maintenance strategy optimization according to importance measures and outlines the roles of these measures in various maintenance strategies.Finally,it discusses potential challenges that optimization of maintenance strategies based on importance measures may encounter with future technologies.

动脉硬化性相关疾病与老年人轻度认知功能障碍相关性研究

目的探讨北京社区老年人群轻度认知功能障碍(mild cognitive impairment,MCI)与动脉硬化相关性疾病之间的关系,为预防和治疗MCI、痴呆提供科学的理论依据。方法 2004年,采用按类分层、随机、整群等距的抽样原则,在北京市城乡抽取1 847名60岁及以上社区老年人作为样本人群,由经过培训的调查员利用综合问卷进行入户调查。结果 1 847名老年人中有212人患有MCI,患病率为11.48%。其中,男性96例,MCI患病率为10.79%(96/890);女性116人,MCI患病率12.12%(116/957)。农村老年人MCI患病率高于城区老年人;随年龄增高MCI患病率增高;文化程度越低,MCI患病率增高。动脉硬化相关性疾病因素与MCI之间的关系显示:患脑卒中比未患脑卒中的老年人MCI患病率升高;而高血压、糖尿病、心肌梗死等疾病因素与MCI患病率之间差异无统计学意义;同时,血胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白水平与MCI患病率之间呈显著负相关关系。结论 MCI患病率与人口学因素、动脉硬化相关性疾病以及血脂水平之间存在一定的相关性。

基于DEA的生物领域研究所规模收益分析

本文旨在分析2011年中国科学院15个生物领域研究所的规模收益变化情况。首先,本文提出分析所用的投入产出指标:人员、经费、SCI论文、高质量论文和研究生培养;其次,本文采用杨国梁(2012)提出的基于DEA的方向规模收益、最优投入方向以及"方向阻塞"效应的判断方法深入分析中科院生物领域研究所的方向规模收益、最优投入方向以及"方向阻塞"效应。基于以上分析,我们发现:一是通过规模收益分析,可以找到各研究所规模收益递增(递减、不变)的区域,以及投入进一步增加和减少的最优方向,作为研究所调整其组织规模的决策依据之一;二是通过"方向阻塞"效应的分析,我们发现部分研究所存在"阻塞"效应,同时在某些方向上存在"方向阻塞"效应。在这种情况下,进一步增加投入会导致产出的降低,因此研究所需要深入挖掘导致"阻塞"效应的原因,避免进一步扩大投入的规模,才能实现科技资源合理配置和高效利用。

方向规模收益与方向规模弹性

规模收益(Returns to Scale)是组织绩效分析所关心的一个重要问题.它可以帮助决策者决策是应该扩大还是减少组织规模,从而提高组织运行的绩效.经济学中传统规模收益的定义是基于生产要素按相同比例变化而引起的产出的变化率(径向变化).但对于多投入多产出的非传统生产过程(例如公共部门)来说,往往并不是按相同比例扩张各类投入要素.在这种情况下,如何描述生产过程规模变化的过程中的规模收益情况是一个重要的问题.针对这种现象,在帕累托(Pareto)偏好下,从全局和局部视角定义了方向规模收益和方向规模弹性的概念,并给出具体函数表达.

等同论文数(EPN)：学术论文质量评估的新指标

现有的学术论文质量评估指标主要基于论文的引文数,关注论文产出的影响。本文从经济学价值理论出发,聚焦于学术论文创作过程,提出通过测量学术论文中包含的等同工作量,实现对学术论文质量的评估,从而提出一系列基于等同论文数的指标,例如X指标等。实例研究表明,基于等同论文数的系列指标具有较大的优越性。