Effect of Low Molecule Polyamide and Nano-SiO_2 on Properties of the Poly (MMA/BA/MAA)

Effects of low molecule polyamide （LMPA） and namometer SiO2 particles on the properties of the poly （MMA/ BA/MAA） adhesive for wearable and nonskid PVC （polyvinyl carbazole） materials were investigated. The experimental results show that the shear strength of poly （MMA/BA/MAA）/LMPA is increased, when the LMPA is added into poly （MMA/BA/MAA）. The optimum addition of LMPA is about 4 wt pct. By adding 3 wt pct nano-SiO2 into poly （MMA/BA/MAA）/LMPA adhesive, its properties such as the shear strength, thermal stability, wear resistance and sea waterproof resistance are increased too.

Influence of Pressure on the Annealing Process of β-Ca_2SiO_4(C_2S) in Portland Cement

Portland cement is the most common type of cement in general use around the world as a basic ingredient of concrete, mortar, stucco, and non-speciality grout. Dicalcium silicate （Ca2SiO4） is the primary constituent of a number of different types of cement. The β-Ca2SiO4 phase is metastable at room temperature and will transform into β-Ca2SiO4 at 663K. In this work, Portland cement is annealed at a temperature of 950K under pressures in the range of 0-5.5 CPa. The high pressure experiments are carried out in an apparatus with six anvil tops. The effect of high pressure on the obtaining nano-size β-Ca2SiO4 （C2S） process is investigated by x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Experimental results show that the grain size of the C2S decreases with the increase of pressure. The volume fraction of the C2S phase increases with the pressure as the pressure is below 3 CPa, and then decreases （P 〉 3 GPa）. The nano-effect is very important to the stabilization of β-Ca2SiO4. The mechanism for the effects of the high pressure on the annealing process of the Portland cement is also discussed.

Effect of Boron on Delayed Fracture Resistance of Medium-Carbon High Strength Spring Steel

The delayed fracture behavior of medium carbon high strength spring steel containing different amounts of boron （0. 000 5%, 0. 001 6 %） was studied using sustained load delayed fracture test. The results show that delayed fracture resistance of boron containing steels is higher than that of conventional steel 60Si2MnA at the same strength level and it increases with the increase of boron eontent from 0. 000 5% to 0. 001 6%. The delayed fracture mode is mainly intergranular in the boron containing steels tempered at 350℃, which indicates that the addition of boron does not change the fracture character. However, the increase of boron content enlarges the size of the crack initia tion area. Further study of phase analysis indicates that most boron is in solid solution, and only a very small quantity of boron is in the M3 （C, B） phase.

Crystallization of Fe_(78)Si_9B_(13) Bulk Crystaline/ Amorphous(c/a) Composite

A metallic crystalline/amorphous （c/a） bulk composite was prepared by the slow cooling method after remelting the amorphous Fe78Si9B13 ribbon. By X-ray diffraction （XRD）, differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） and scanning electron microscope （SEM）, the composite consists of the primary dendrite α-Ee （without Si） as well as the amorphous matrix. After being anneal at 800 K, the uniform spheroid particles are formed in the c/a composite, which does not form in the amorphous ribbon under the various annealing process. Energy dispersive analysis of X-rays （EDAX）, SEM and XRD were applied to give more detailed information. The formation and evolution of the particle may stimulate the possible application of the Fe-matrix amorphous alloy.

Gray Cast Iron With Directional Graphite Flakes Produced by Cylinder Covered Compression Process

A new plastic deformation process for gray cast iron named cylinder covered compression （CCC） was developed. By CCC process, gray cast iron （GCI） specimens, which are embedded in steel cylinders, were hot compressed up to 80% reduction in height without the cracking problem. It was clearly observed that the uniform distribution of directional graphite flakes appeared after more than 45 % reduction hot compression. The strength, ductility, and microhardness of GCI after 80% reduction deformation were significantly enhanced： the tensile strength varied from 117 MPa to 249 MPa, while the total elongation varied from 0 to 5.2%, and the microhardness varied from 153 HV to 217 HV. It was shown that the tensile fracture surface presented ductility characters after more than 45% reduction hot deformation.

Effect of nozzle type on fluid flow, solidification, and solute transport in mold with mold electromagnetic stirring

The mathematical model of coupling fluid flow,heat transfer,solidification,solute transport,and the electromagnetic field of the bloom in the upper part of the strand was established with three nozzle types.Then,the flow field,distribution of the temperature,solidification,and macrosegregation of carbon were investigated and compared by numerical modeling.In the case of the straight submerged entry nozzle(SEN),the molten steel flows down deep into the liquid pool,and the depth of the jet flow reaches about 1.0 m beneath the meniscus.The jetting zone is the high-temperature zone.In the case of two-port SEN and four-port SEN,the flow patterns and distribution of temperature in the central longitudinal section are similar.The jet flow impinges directly on the initially solidified shell and then it is divided into two longitudinal circulations.The heat of molten steel is dissipated along with the longitudinal circulations.The negative segregation band was generated near the bloom surface due to the washing effect by the rotating flow at the solidification front with three nozzle types.The negative segregation deteriorates gradually with the number of ports decreasing.

Effect of mold electromagnetic stirring on solidification structure and solute segregation in continuous casting bloom

The effect of mold electromagnetic stirring(M-EMS)on the solidification structure and solute segregation in the continuous casting bloom of U78CrV steel is investigated.The solute distribution in the macroscale is analyzed using a carbon–sulfur analyzer and that in the microscale is measured with an electron probe microanalyzer.The Image-J software is applied to analyze the number density and area ratio of segregation spots.The results show that the segregation spots are mainly located in the columnar to equiaxed transition zone and the equiaxed zone,which are enriched with C,Cr,and Mn elements.With the M-EMS applied,the columnar grain inclines to the upstream side.As the current intensity increases,the deflecting angle of columnar grain rises,especially with the current intensity larger than 300 A.Besides,the center segregation shows a declining trend and the area fraction of the equiaxed zone rises clearly.Moreover,it is found that the area ratio and number density of segregation spots increase with the higher current intensity of M-EMS.

Chemical synthesis and characterization of manganese oxide coated Ni particles

Nanosized Ni particles with an average diameter of about 8 nm were prepared by reducing of NiCl 2 with sodium borohydride (NaBH 4 ) in aqueous solution. By moderate annealing in protective atmosphere, the composite grew up to be 15-20 nm particles. Both of the as-prepared and annealed Ni particles were coated by a layer of manganese oxide via decomposition reaction in aqueous KMnO4 solution. Hysteresis loops of as-prepared samples show a large increase in the magnetization with decreasing temperature and an unsaturated component at high magnetic field. In contrast, the ferromagnetic characteristics of annealed one are much stronger with large magnetization and coercivity. The thermomagnetic curves verified the coexistence of ferromagnetic Ni and antiferromangetic Mn oxide phases. But there exists no exchange bias behavior in the samples, even though the interface structure between the ferromagnetic Ni core and the antiferromagnetic manganese oxides has been distinctly formed. The absence of exchange bias probably originates from the weak ferromagnetic characteristic of Ni cores.

An Attempt to Prepare Metallic Glasses from Quasicrystals

Icosahedrons in supercooled liquids and glasses are considered to be of significance for the glass formation in alloy systems. Starting from the similarity of the local structure of quasicrystals to the icosahedrons in metallic glasses, a scheme is put forward to prepare metallic glasses based on a well-known quasicrystal Zr40Ti40Ni20. A series of （Zr4o Ti40Ni20 ）lOO-x Cos metallic glasses are fabricated, and the optimized glass forming composition is determined at （Zr40 Ti40Ni20 ）92 Cos. The results show that the glass-forming ability of the alloys is c10sely related to the quasicrystalline phases. The mechanism of the enhanced glass-forming ability is discussed.

Reply to“Comment on‘High Mixing Entropy Enhanced Energy States in Metallic Glasses'”

We thank Dr.Ristic and Dr.Babic for their interests in our work and for reminding us about their works on metallic glasses.Metallic glasses are a family of materials with disordered atomic packing structure,which makes it quite challenging to design new advanced metallic glasses and makes it charming to understand the relative physical mechanisms.

High Mixing Entropy Enhanced Energy States in Metallic Glasses

Owing to the nonequilibrium nature,the energy state of metallic glasses(MGs)can vary a lot and has a critical influence on the physical properties.Exploring new methods to modulate the energy state of glasses and studying its relationship with properties have attracted great interests.Herein,we systematically investigate the energy state,mixing entropy and physical properties of Zr–Ti–Cu–Ni–Be multicomponent high entropy MGs by experiments and simulations.We find that the energy state increases along with the increase of mixing entropy.The yield strength and thermal stability of MGs are also enhanced by high mixing entropy.These results may open a new door on regulation of energy states and thus physical properties of MGs.

Prediction of fracture characteristic of particle-reinforced alumina-based composites

Residual microstresses in particle reinforced alumina/SiC and alumina/mullite composites were calcu- lated. The results indicated that there existed a linear relation between matrix microstresses and the particle contents in the composites. The influence of stress state on crack propagating and grain boundary strengthening was analyzed. Ratios of grain boundary toughness to grain toughness of these composites were calculated in view of microstress analysis, and percentage of transgranular fracture (PTF) that increases with the microstress in the alumina matrix was then deduced. The relationship between microstructure, component, matrix microstresses, and PTF was established. Therefore, the fracture characteristic was predicted on basis of the particle content and distribution in addition to the microstructure of the composites.

Effect of cerium addition on non-metallic inclusions in a high-carbon chromium bearing steel

Effects of varied levels of cerium(28×10-6,65×10^(-6) and 150×10^(-6))on inclusions in a high-carbon chromium bearing steel at different stages(before adding cerium,after adding cerium for 1,5,10 min and ingot)were studied using laboratory experiments.An automatic scanning electron microscope system with energy-dispersive spectroscopy was used to analyze the amount,composition,size and morphology of inclusions in the steel at different stages.When the cerium content in the molten steel increased from 0 to 150×10^(-6),the evolution sequence of inclusions was as follows:Al_(2)O_(3)→CeAl11O18→CeAlO_(3)→Ce_(2)O_(2)S.After 28×10^(-6) cerium was added,Al_(2)O_(3) inclusions were modified into CeAl_(11)O_(18) inclusions in the molten steel and then were further transformed into Al2O3 and CeAlO3 inclusions in the solid steel during cooling.With the addition of 65×10^(-6) cerium,inclusions in the molten steel were modified into CeAlO_(3) and a small number of Ce2O2S inclusions.When the addition amount of cerium increased to 150×10^(-6),inclusions were transformed to Ce_(2)O_(2)S.The size of inclusions in the molten steel decreased obviously with cerium addition.On the other hand,the size of inclusions increased during the cooling process in solid steels of No.1 steel(with 28×10^(-6) cerium)and No.2 steel(with 65×10^(-6) cerium).During the cooling process,unmodified MnS inclusions were precipitated in the solid steel of No.1 steel and wrapped outside the Al2O3 and CeAlO_(3) inclusions to form large complex inclusions.During the cooling process of No.2 steel,the inclusion size of CeAlO_(3) increased due to the collision and polymerization.In the No.3 steel(with 150×10^(-6) cerium),the average size of inclusions decreased rapidly and remained at a lower size during the cooling process,which was beneficial to improving the fatigue life of the steel.

Design of large-core single-mode Yb^(3+)-doped photonic crystal fiber

The effective index of the cladding fundamental space-filling mode in photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is simulated by the effective index method. The variation of the effective index with the structure parameters of the fiber is achieved. For the first time, the relations of the V parameter of Yb3+-doped PCF with the refractive index of core and the structure parameters of the fiber are provided. the single-mode characteristics of large-core Yb3+-doped photonic crystal fibers with 7 and 19 missing air holes in the core are analyzed. The large-core single-mode Yb3+-doped photonic crystal fibers with core diameters of 50 μm, 100 μm and 150 μm are designed. The results provide theory instruction for the design and fabrication of fiber.

Hierarchical iridium-based multimetallic alloy with double-core-shell architecture for efficient overall water splitting

The overall water splitting for hydrogen production is an effective strategy to resolve the environmental and energy crisis. Here, we report a facile approach to synthesize the Ir-based multimetallic, hierarchical, double-coreshelled architecture(HCSA) assisted by oil bath reaction for boosting overall water splitting in acidic environment. The Ir Ni Cu HCSA shows superior electrocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) and oxygen evolution reaction(OER), which are comparable to commercial Pt/C and better than IrO2. The Ir Ni Cu HCSA exhibits remarkably catalytic efficiency as bifunctional catalyst for overall water splitting where a low cell voltage of 1.53 V is enough to drive a current density of 10 mA cm^-2 and maintains stable for at least 20 h. The presented work for the design and synthesis of novel Ir-based multimetallic architecture paves the way for highperformance overall water splitting catalysis.