Characterizing the tumor microenvironment at the single-cell level reveals a novel immune evasion mechanism in osteosarcoma

The immune microenvironment extensively participates in tumorigenesis as well as progression in osteosarcoma(OS).However,the landscape and dynamics of immune cells in OS are poorly characterized.By analyzing single-cell RNA sequencing(sc RNA-seq)data,which characterize the transcription state at single-cell resolution,we produced an atlas of the immune microenvironment in OS.The results suggested that a cluster of regulatory dendritic cells(DCs)might shape the immunosuppressive microenvironment in OS by recruiting regulatory T cells.We also found that major histocompatibility complex class I(MHC-I)molecules were downregulated in cancer cells.The findings indicated a reduction in tumor immunogenicity in OS,which can be a potential mechanism of tumor immune escape.Of note,CD24 was identified as a novel“don’t eat me”signal that contributed to the immune evasion of OS cells.Altogether,our findings provide insights into the immune landscape of OS,suggesting that myeloid-targeted immunotherapy could be a promising approach to treat OS.

Global trends and hot topics in clinical applications of perovskite materials:a bibliometric analysis

In recent years,perovskite has received increasing attention in the medical field.However,there has been a lack of related bibliometric analysis in this research field.This study aims to analyse the research status and hot topics of perovskite in the medical field from a bibliometric perspective and explore the research direction of perovskite.This study collected 1852 records of perovskite research in the medical field from 1983 to 2022 in the Web of Science(WOS)database.The country,institution,journal,cited references,and keywords were analysed using CiteSpace,VOS viewer,and Bibliometrix software.The number of articles related to perovskite research in the medical field has been increasing every year.China and USA have published the most papers and are the main forces in this research field.The University of London Imperial College of Science,Technology,and Medicine is the most active institution and has contributed the most publications.ACS Applied Materials&Interfaces is the most prolific journal in this field.“Medical electronic devices”,“X-rays”,and“piezoelectric materials”are the most researched directions of perovskite in the medical field.“Performance”,“perovskite”,and“solar cells”are the most frequently used keywords in this field.Advanced Materials is the most relevant and academically influential journal for perovskite research.Halide perovskites have been a hot topic in this field in recent years and will be a future research trend.X-ray,electronic medical equipment,and medical stents are the main research directions.

Comparison of Proximal Femoral Geometry and Risk Factors between Femoral Neck Fractures and Femoral Intertrochanteric Fractures in an Elderly Chinese Population

Background： Few studies have investigated the differences in proximal femoral geometry and risk factors between patients with different types of hip fracture, especially in elderly Chinese. This study aimed to assess the differences in proximal femoral geometry parameters between patients with femoral neck fractures and patients with intertrochanteric fractures to provide guidance for individualized customized prosthesis and accurate reconstruction of proximal femurs in elderly Chinese patients. Methods： We retrospectively studied the electronic medical records of 198 elderly patients over 65 years of age who were admitted to the orthopedic department with hip fractures between January 2017 and December 2017 in The Third Hospital, Hebei Medical University. Age, fracture site, gender, and proximal femoral geometry parameters （.neck shaft angle [NSA], center edge angle [CEA], femoral head diameter [FHD], femoral neck diameter [FND], femoral neck axial length [FNAL], hip axial length [HAL], and femoral shaft diameter [FSD]） were recorded. Student＇s t-test was used to compare the continuous variables, Chi-square test was used to analyze categorical variables, and multiple logistic stepwise regression analysis was used to evaluate the influencing factors of hip fracture type. Results： Statistically significant differences in NSA （137.63 ± 4.56° vs. 132.07 ± 4.17°, t = 1.598, P 〈 0.001）, CEA （37.62 ± 6.77° vs. 43.11 ±7.09°, t = 5.597, P 〈 0.001 ）, FND （35.21 ± 3.25 mm vs. 34.09 ±3.82 mm, t = 2.233, P = 0.027）, and FNAL （99.30 ± 7.91 mm vs. 103.58± 8.39 ram, t = 3.715, P 〈 0.001 ） were found between the femoral neck fracture group and femoral intertrochanteric fracture group. FHD, FND, FSD, HAL, and FNAL were different between sexes （all P 〈 0.001 ）. The greater NSA was the risk factor for femoral neck fractures （,odds ratio [OR]： 0.70, P 〈 0.001 ）, greater CEA and longer FNAL were risk factors for femoral intertrochanteric fractures （OR： 1.15, 1.17, all P 〈 0.001）, and greater FND was a protective factor for femoral intertrochanteric fractures （OR： 0.74, P 〈 0.001）. Conclusions： We demonstrate differences in geometric morphological parameters of the proximal femur in different hip fracture types, as well as an effect of sex. These differences should he considered in the selection of prostheses for fracture internal fixation and hip replacements. These data could help guide the design of individualized customized prostheses and improve the accurate reconstruction of the proximal femur for elderly Chinese hip fracture patients.

Brave to Advance the Theoretical and Technologica Innovation on the Basis of Orthopedic Practice

Innovation springs from practice, and its soul lies in practical thinking. All human wisdom is a product of practice and needs to be tested during the practice. With the rapid development of medicine, a clinician has to keep pace with the new era, grasp the pulse of the times and innovate. Only in this way, could he or she lead the trend of the new era. Clinical medicine is a practical science and implemented mainly by clinicians, requiring them to explore the truth and pursue technological innovation all the time. At the same time~ as an academic leader, a clinician is encouraged to practice actively, to take risks to innovate, to pursue truth and test truth in the practice, discarding old ideas and correcting wrong theories and technologies. To summarize, a clinician has to push tbrward practice-based innovation of theory and technology to keep up with the pace of the times.

Law of dynamic deformation of bone

Human bones change dynamically.For a human,bones usually start to form at the 7thweek of the embryonic period and continue to develop until the human has reached skeletal maturity.During this stage of development,themass,density,morphology,hardness and strength of human bones are constantly changing.There are studies that describe the dynamic changes in bone morphology in each part of the human body from the embryonic period to puberty.For example,the femoral neck torsion angle(FNTA)is approximately 30 to 40 degrees at birth,and the angle gradually recedes to 10 to 15 degrees by early adolescence.Infants have a large femoral neck-shaft angle(NSA),and this angle decreases gradually to an angle common in adults.Recent studies have focused on the physiological and molecular mechanisms by which bones sense,transduce,and respond to mechanical loads and have investigated the effects of aging processes on the relationship between cortical bone properties(such as cross-sectional geometry and bone mineral density)and mechanical function.[1,2]

Micro femoral head prosthesis in applications to collapsed femoral head necrosis in the weight-bearing dome(ARCO III):A case series with short-term follow-up

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head(ONFH)is mainly caused by a decrease in the vascular supply to the subchondral bone of the femoral head,leading to the death of bone cells,degeneration and necrosis of the subchondral bone,and eventually collapse of the femoral head.^([1])Early and accurate diagnosis is the key to successful hip-preserving therapy,and the size/location of necrosis is the main determinant for ONFH treatment.Previous studies have shown that many hip-preserving therapies achieved satisfactory results in ONFH patients with Association Research Circulation Osseous(ARCO)I–II.When ONFH progresses to ARCO IV with clinical manifestations of osteoarthrosis,total hip arthroplasty(THA)may be the only option.

Minimally Invasive Reduction and Fixation in Orthopedic Trauma

In China,approximately,4.41 million individuals sustain fractures every year.With the rapid development of economy,industrialization,and urbanization as well as the aging of the Chinese population,it is predictable that the number of traumatic fractures will inevitably increase dramatically in the near future.According to the nation-wide data on the clinical epidemiology of orthopedic trauma during 2010-2011,